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Chodesh Elul: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Selichot.jpg|300px|right]] | [[File:Selichot.jpg|300px|right]] | ||
The month of Elul is a | The month of Elul is a time for personal reflection and preparation for the Yamim Noraim (High Holy Days). It is a time to repent for one's sins, to make amends with others, and to focus on one's relationship with God. There are many practices that are traditionally done during Elul, such as: Selichot (additional supplications each morning), recite L'dovid Hashem Ori, and blow the shofar. | ||
==Selichot== | ==Selichot== | ||
===When to Start Reciting Selichot=== | ===When to Start Reciting Selichot=== | ||
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====The Latest Time for Selichot==== | ====The Latest Time for Selichot==== | ||
# Preferably, [[Selichot]] should be said at the end of the night before [[Olot HaShachar]],<ref>Mishna Brurah (Introduction to 581), Maamar Mordechai (Rav Mordechai Eliyahu) 34:5 write that preferably, [[Selichot]] should be said at the end of the night before [[Olot HaShachar]]. </ref> but if one delayed one can say it after [[Olot HaShachar]].<ref>Ma'amar Mordechai 34:5.</ref> Those who are unable to rise early to say [[Selichot]], should nonetheless say [[Selichot]], either in the morning before [[Shacharit]] or even in the afternoon before [[Mincha]]. The morning is better than the afternoon<ref>Chazon Ovadyah (Yamim Noraim, pg 6-7), Yalkut Yosef Moadim page 10, Yechave Daat 1:46. | # Preferably, [[Selichot]] should be said at the end of the night before [[Olot HaShachar]],<ref>Mishna Brurah (Introduction to 581), Maamar Mordechai (Rav Mordechai Eliyahu) 34:5 write that preferably, [[Selichot]] should be said at the end of the night before [[Olot HaShachar]]. [https://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=14215&pgnum=10 Imrei Noam of Gra on Brachot 3a s.v. yesh omrim] interprets the gemara that the shifts of the night (heb. אשומורות הלילה; trans. ''ashmurot haleyla'') do not end at olot like the Tosfot and Magen Avraham understood. Rather they end at Netz like the Rambam. See Rav Moshe Feinstein (2:105) who relates the time of selichot to the shifts of the night.</ref> but if one delayed one can say it after [[Olot HaShachar]].<ref>Ma'amar Mordechai 34:5.</ref> Those who are unable to rise early to say [[Selichot]], should nonetheless say [[Selichot]], either in the morning before [[Shacharit]] or even in the afternoon before [[Mincha]]. The morning is better than the afternoon<ref>Chazon Ovadyah (Yamim Noraim, pg 6-7), Yalkut Yosef Moadim page 10, Yechave Daat 1:46. See [https://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/966109/rabbi-chaim-jachter/selihot-before-minha/ Rabbi Chaim Jachter]</ref> | ||
#The minhag is to say selichot before Shacharit even when it is after Olot even though Tadir would demand that it is said afterwards.<ref>Mekor Neeman 1:520 explains that we say selichot first so that it is as close to Olot as possible. Rivevot Efraim 8:234:6 notes that seemingly we should say shacharit first but such is the minhag.</ref> | #The minhag is to say selichot before Shacharit even when it is after Olot even though Tadir would demand that it is said afterwards.<ref>Mekor Neeman 1:520 explains that we say selichot first so that it is as close to Olot as possible. Rivevot Efraim 8:234:6 notes that seemingly we should say shacharit first but such is the minhag.</ref> | ||
#If someone missed selichot and could either daven with a minyan or say selichot first and then daven by himself he should daven with the minyan and then say selichot by himself.<ref>Rivevot Efraim 8:234:6</ref> | #If someone missed selichot and could either daven with a minyan or say selichot first and then daven by himself he should daven with the minyan and then say selichot by himself.<ref>Rivevot Efraim 8:234:6</ref> | ||
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* On the other hand, see Darkei Moshe O.C. 565:4 where he cites the opinion of the Sefer Haminhagim that even an individual can recite them. </ref> but one can read the Yud Gimmel middot (13 attributes) with the cantillation as if he is simply reading the torah.<ref>Shulchan Aruch Orach Chaim 565:5 based on Shu"t Harashba 1:211, Chacham Ovadia Yosef (Shu"t Yechave Daat 1:47 and Chazon Ovadia Yamim Noraim 27), Yalkut Yosef Tefilla 2: page 131 [[http://halachayomit.co.il/EnglishDefault.asp?HalachaID=2135 Halacha Yomit]], Chida in Machazik Beracha 131:6, Ben Ish Chai (Shanah Aleph, Parashat Ki Tisa Halacha 9), Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 128:9 <br> | * On the other hand, see Darkei Moshe O.C. 565:4 where he cites the opinion of the Sefer Haminhagim that even an individual can recite them. </ref> but one can read the Yud Gimmel middot (13 attributes) with the cantillation as if he is simply reading the torah.<ref>Shulchan Aruch Orach Chaim 565:5 based on Shu"t Harashba 1:211, Chacham Ovadia Yosef (Shu"t Yechave Daat 1:47 and Chazon Ovadia Yamim Noraim 27), Yalkut Yosef Tefilla 2: page 131 [[http://halachayomit.co.il/EnglishDefault.asp?HalachaID=2135 Halacha Yomit]], Chida in Machazik Beracha 131:6, Ben Ish Chai (Shanah Aleph, Parashat Ki Tisa Halacha 9), Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 128:9 <br> | ||
* Iggerot Moshe YD 3:21 allows them to be recited without a [[minyan]] as long you use any melody other than the one used for [[prayer]] and doesn't require that it be the same cantillation as the torah.<br> | * Iggerot Moshe YD 3:21 allows them to be recited without a [[minyan]] as long you use any melody other than the one used for [[prayer]] and doesn't require that it be the same cantillation as the torah.<br> | ||
* see also [https://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/963227/rabbi-aryeh-lebowitz/ten-minute-halacha-saying-13-middos-harachamim-b-yechidus/ Rabbi Aryeh Lebowitz] </ref> In such a scenario one can conclude with the word ונקה, even though that is technically in the middle of the actual pasuk in the Torah.<ref> Chazon Ovadia Yamim Noraim pg. 30 </ref> Others argue that it should be omitted entirely.<Ref>Taz 565:5. This is the practice of [ | * see also [https://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/963227/rabbi-aryeh-lebowitz/ten-minute-halacha-saying-13-middos-harachamim-b-yechidus/ Rabbi Aryeh Lebowitz] </ref> In such a scenario one can conclude with the word ונקה, even though that is technically in the middle of the actual pasuk in the Torah.<ref> Chazon Ovadia Yamim Noraim pg. 30 </ref> Others argue that it should be omitted entirely.<Ref>Taz 565:5. This is the practice of [https://shulchanaruchharav.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/13-attributes-Saying-with-Taamim-without-Minyan-Website.pdf| Chabad]. </ref> | ||
# Without a [[minyan]], one cannot recite the paragraphs that are in Aramaic (such as רַחֲמָנָא אִדְכַּר לָן..., דְּעָנֵי לַעֲנִיֵּי. עֲנֵינָן..., מַחֵי וּמַסֵּי.<ref>Eliya Rabba 581:9 writes that we do not recite the prayers that are in Aramaic without a Minyan because the angels do not understand Aramaic (see Gemara Shabbat 12b). Mateh Efraim 581:21, Yabia Omer 10:footnotes to Rav Pealim OC 3:41, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 128:9, Mishna Brura 581:4, Chazon Ovadia (Yamim Noraim pg. 11) and [http://halachayomit.co.il/en/default.aspx?HalachaID=2135 Halachayomit]all agree <br> | # Without a [[minyan]], one cannot recite the paragraphs that are in Aramaic (such as רַחֲמָנָא אִדְכַּר לָן..., דְּעָנֵי לַעֲנִיֵּי. עֲנֵינָן..., מַחֵי וּמַסֵּי.<ref>Eliya Rabba 581:9 writes that we do not recite the prayers that are in Aramaic without a Minyan because the angels do not understand Aramaic (see Gemara Shabbat 12b). Mateh Efraim 581:21, Yabia Omer 10:footnotes to Rav Pealim OC 3:41, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 128:9, Mishna Brura 581:4, Chazon Ovadia (Yamim Noraim pg. 11) and [http://halachayomit.co.il/en/default.aspx?HalachaID=2135 Halachayomit]all agree <br> | ||
On the other hand, Rav Mordechai Lebhar writes (Magen Avot, Orach Chaim 581:1) that in Morocco and Djerba the Aramaic portions were not skipped; however, Amen was said instead of "Bedil Vayaavor."</ref> | On the other hand, Rav Mordechai Lebhar writes (Magen Avot, Orach Chaim 581:1) that in Morocco and Djerba the Aramaic portions were not skipped; however, Amen was said instead of "Bedil Vayaavor."</ref> | ||
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#For Sephardim it’s also proper to say LeDavid Hashem Ori after [[Shacharit]], especially since some Sephardim recite it all year long.<ref>Chazon Ovadyah pg 24 writes that even for sephardim it’s proper to say LeDavid Hashem after [[Shacharit]]. </ref> | #For Sephardim it’s also proper to say LeDavid Hashem Ori after [[Shacharit]], especially since some Sephardim recite it all year long.<ref>Chazon Ovadyah pg 24 writes that even for sephardim it’s proper to say LeDavid Hashem after [[Shacharit]]. </ref> | ||
#[[Moroccans]] also recite LeDavid at Shacharit and Arvit from Rosh Chodesh Elul until [[Hoshana Rabba]] including Shabbatot. The custom is to recite it before Kaveh at Shacharit, but it has become common to postpone until after Aleinu. On Shabbat, it is supposed to be recited between Kaveh and Ribbi Chananya, but it is often similarly postponed until after Aleinu. Many have the custom to recite it all year long prior to Arvit.<ref>Magen Avot (Orach Chaim 581:1)</ref> | #[[Moroccans]] also recite LeDavid at Shacharit and Arvit from Rosh Chodesh Elul until [[Hoshana Rabba]] including Shabbatot. The custom is to recite it before Kaveh at Shacharit, but it has become common to postpone until after Aleinu. On Shabbat, it is supposed to be recited between Kaveh and Ribbi Chananya, but it is often similarly postponed until after Aleinu. Many have the custom to recite it all year long prior to Arvit.<ref>Magen Avot (Orach Chaim 581:1)</ref> | ||
# There is no kaddish after Shir Shel Yom before Ldovid.<ref>Nitai Gavriel Rosh Hashana 3:8. See [https://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=16002&pgnum=60 Shaar Hakollel ch. 11 fnt. 29] for a similar ruling.</ref> | # There is no kaddish after Shir Shel Yom before Ldovid.<ref>Dibrot Mordechai (Kaddish Yatom 4:11 p. 117), Nitai Gavriel Rosh Hashana 3:8. See [https://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=16002&pgnum=60 Shaar Hakollel ch. 11 fnt. 29] for a similar ruling. However, the Mateh Efraim 581:6 held that one should interrupt them with a kaddish in order to indicate that the Ldovid is not part of the shir shel yom.</ref> | ||
==Blowing Shofar== | ==Blowing Shofar== | ||
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==Other practices== | ==Other practices== | ||
# Some pious individuals have the minhag of checking their [[Tefillin]] and [[Mezuzot]] during [[Elul]].<ref>Mateh Efraim 581:10 writes that as part of being introspective during [[Elul]], some pious individuals check their [[Tefillin]] and [[Mezuzot]] during [[Elul]]. He concludes that it is a good minhag. This is quoted by the Kitzur S”A 128:3, Chazon Ovadyah (p. 26), and Yalkut Yosef Moadim page 18. Also see Yechave Daat 1:49. It is noteworthy that S”A 39:10 rules that [[Tefillin]] that were established as being kosher do not have to be checked if they are used frequently. Additionally, | # Some pious individuals have the minhag of checking their [[Tefillin]] and [[Mezuzot]] during [[Elul]].<ref>Mateh Efraim 581:10 writes that as part of being introspective during [[Elul]], some pious individuals check their [[Tefillin]] and [[Mezuzot]] during [[Elul]]. He concludes that it is a good minhag. This is quoted by the Kitzur S”A 128:3, Chazon Ovadyah (p. 26), and Yalkut Yosef Moadim page 18. Also see Yechave Daat 1:49. It is noteworthy that S”A 39:10 rules that [[Tefillin]] that were established as being kosher do not have to be checked if they are used frequently. Additionally, Shulchan Aruch Y.D. 291:1 rules that [[Mezuzot]] should be checked twice every seven years. see also [https://itorah.com/lecture/audio/rabbi-eli-mansour/elul-wishing-le-shana-toba-in-written-correspondence-checking-tefillin-and-mezuzot/356/6 Rabbi Eli Mansour's Daily Halacha] and [https://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/763468/rabbi-aryeh-lebowitz/ten-minute-halacha-checking-tefillin-and-mezuzos/ Rabbi Aryeh Lebowitz ]</ref> | ||
{{Getting Married during Elul}} | {{Getting Married during Elul}} | ||
