Chazarat HaShatz: Difference between revisions
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#When the Shaliach Tzibbur is saying Chazarat HaShatz, the congregation should listen and answer [[Amen]]. If there's not a [[minyan]] of people [[answering Amen]] it is almost like the [[Brachot]] that the Shaliach Tzibbur is saying are [[Brachot Levatala]].<ref>Shulchan Aruch 124:4, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 20:2</ref> | #When the Shaliach Tzibbur is saying Chazarat HaShatz, the congregation should listen and answer [[Amen]]. If there's not a [[minyan]] of people [[answering Amen]] it is almost like the [[Brachot]] that the Shaliach Tzibbur is saying are [[Brachot Levatala]].<ref>Shulchan Aruch 124:4, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 20:2</ref> | ||
#According to Sephardim, when one hears Hashem's name in a Bracha one should answer "Baruch Hu UBaruch Shemo".<ref>Shulchan Aruch 124:5</ref> | #According to Sephardim, when one hears Hashem's name in a Bracha one should answer "Baruch Hu UBaruch Shemo".<ref>Shulchan Aruch 124:5</ref> | ||
#One may not answer amen to a bracha once the chazan begins the next bracha. Thus, the chazan must wait for the people to answer before beginning the next bracha. <ref>Sh"t Rivivot Ephraim 1:88:1 </ref> | #One may not answer amen to a bracha once the chazan begins the next bracha. Thus, the chazan must wait for the people to answer before beginning the next bracha.<ref>Sh"t Rivivot Ephraim 1:88:1 </ref> | ||
#One who has the practice to answer Amen during chazarat Hashatz in places besides the end of a beracha (such as in Yaaleh Viyavo when we say zochrenu Hashem elokenu bo litova or in Barech Alenu when we say Shomra Vihatzlia shana zoh mikol davar rah) has on who to rely. <ref>Yechave Daat 3:9 </ref> | #One who has the practice to answer Amen during chazarat Hashatz in places besides the end of a beracha (such as in Yaaleh Viyavo when we say zochrenu Hashem elokenu bo litova or in Barech Alenu when we say Shomra Vihatzlia shana zoh mikol davar rah) has on who to rely.<ref>Yechave Daat 3:9 </ref> | ||
===Sitting or Standing=== | ===Sitting or Standing=== | ||
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===Doing other Things=== | ===Doing other Things=== | ||
#Those who wear [[Tefillin]] of Rashi and Rabbenu Tam should not take off their [[Tefillin]] of Rashi and put on the [[Tefillin]] of Rabbenu Tam during Chazarat HaShatz. <ref>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 20:1, Pri Megadim M"Z 34:2</ref> | #Those who wear [[Tefillin]] of Rashi and Rabbenu Tam should not take off their [[Tefillin]] of Rashi and put on the [[Tefillin]] of Rabbenu Tam during Chazarat HaShatz.<ref>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 20:1, Pri Megadim M"Z 34:2</ref> | ||
#It is a grievous sin to talk during Chazarat HaShatz,<ref>Shulchan Aruch 124:7, Mishna Brurah 124:27, Kaf HaChaim 124:37</ref> even if one is not [[davening]] with that [[minyan]]. <ref>Sh"t Rivivot Ephraim 1:83 </ref> | #It is a grievous sin to talk during Chazarat HaShatz,<ref>Shulchan Aruch 124:7, Mishna Brurah 124:27, Kaf HaChaim 124:37</ref> even if one is not [[davening]] with that [[minyan]].<ref>Sh"t Rivivot Ephraim 1:83 </ref> | ||
#It is improper to learn Torah or say other parts of [[davening]] during Chazarat HaShatz.<ref>Teshuvot Rama Mpano 102, Magen Avraham 124:8, Mishna Brurah 124:17, Kaf HaChaim 124:16, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch of Rav Rephael Baruch Toledano, Volume 1, Page 110. [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/796420/Shay_Schachter/Talking_-_Learning_During_Chazaras_Hashatz_ Shiur of Rabbi Shay Schachter on yutorah.org about learning during Chazarat HaShatz]. </ref> | #It is improper to learn Torah or say other parts of [[davening]] during Chazarat HaShatz.<ref>Teshuvot Rama Mpano 102, Magen Avraham 124:8, Mishna Brurah 124:17, Kaf HaChaim 124:16, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch of Rav Rephael Baruch Toledano, Volume 1, Page 110. [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/796420/Shay_Schachter/Talking_-_Learning_During_Chazaras_Hashatz_ Shiur of Rabbi Shay Schachter on yutorah.org about learning during Chazarat HaShatz]. </ref> | ||
==Practices of the Shaliach Tzibur== | ==Practices of the Shaliach Tzibur== | ||
#According to the Sephardic custom, at the beginning of the Chazarat HaShatz, the Shaliach Tzibur should say the pasuk "Hashem Sefatay Tiftach ..." aloud. According to the Ashkenazic custom, at the beginning of the Chazarat HaShatz, the Shaliach Tzibur should say the pasuk "Hashem Sefatay Tiftach ..." softly. <ref>Yalkut Yosef 124:1. </ref> | #According to the Sephardic custom, at the beginning of the Chazarat HaShatz, the Shaliach Tzibur should say the pasuk "Hashem Sefatay Tiftach ..." aloud. According to the Ashkenazic custom, at the beginning of the Chazarat HaShatz, the Shaliach Tzibur should say the pasuk "Hashem Sefatay Tiftach ..." softly.<ref>Yalkut Yosef 124:1. </ref> | ||
#The Shaliach Tzibur should not start the next bracha until the majority of the congregation finished answering [[amen]]. <ref>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 20:3, Sh"t Rivivot Ephraim 1:88:1</ref> | #The Shaliach Tzibur should not start the next bracha until the majority of the congregation finished answering [[amen]].<ref>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 20:3, Sh"t Rivivot Ephraim 1:88:1</ref> | ||
===If the Shaliach Tzibur made a mistake=== | ===If the Shaliach Tzibur made a mistake=== | ||
#If the Shaliach Tzibur made a mistake during his silent Amida which would entail repeating his Amida, such as, forgetting to say "Yaale VeYavo ..." on [[Rosh Chodesh]], he should not go back and repeat his silent Amida. Rather, he should continue with the Chazarat HaShatz, and when he comes to the point where he made a mistake, he should have in mind to fulfill his obligation. <ref>Yalkut Yosef 124:8. </ref> | #If the Shaliach Tzibur made a mistake during his silent Amida which would entail repeating his Amida, such as, forgetting to say "Yaale VeYavo ..." on [[Rosh Chodesh]], he should not go back and repeat his silent Amida. Rather, he should continue with the Chazarat HaShatz, and when he comes to the point where he made a mistake, he should have in mind to fulfill his obligation.<ref>Yalkut Yosef 124:8. </ref> | ||
#If the Shalich Tzibur mistakenly forgot to say [[Kedusha]] in the Chazarat HaShatz, as long as he remembered before finishing the Beracha of Ata Kadosh he may go back, recite [[Kedusha]], and continue again with "Ata Kadosh." <ref>Yalkut Yosef 124:10 </ref> | #If the Shalich Tzibur mistakenly forgot to say [[Kedusha]] in the Chazarat HaShatz, as long as he remembered before finishing the Beracha of Ata Kadosh he may go back, recite [[Kedusha]], and continue again with "Ata Kadosh." <ref>Yalkut Yosef 124:10 </ref> | ||
#If the Shaliach Tzibur mistakenly skipped the Beracha of Ata Kadosh and finished the Beracha of Ata Chonen, he may still go back, recite Ata Kadosh, and continue again with Ata Chonen. <ref>Yalkut Yosef 124:11 </ref> | #If the Shaliach Tzibur mistakenly skipped the Beracha of Ata Kadosh and finished the Beracha of Ata Chonen, he may still go back, recite Ata Kadosh, and continue again with Ata Chonen.<ref>Yalkut Yosef 124:11 </ref> | ||
#If the Shaliach Tzibbur makes a mistake in Chazara and forgets to say an addition has the same halacha as in individual who forgets that addition. The one exception to this is that if the Shaliach Tzibbur forgets to say [[Yaaleh VeYavo]] on [[Rosh Chodesh]] in [[Shacharit]] and he has completed the [[Chazarat HaShatz]] he does not have to repeat it. However, if he remembers before the end of the Chazara he should go back to Retzeh and add in [[Yaaleh VeYavo]]. <ref>*The Gemara [[Brachot]] 30b quotes a Briatta which says that if one forgets to say [[Yaaleh VeYavo]] at [[Shacharit]] one doesn’t have to repeat Shemonah Esrei because one could make it up at [[Mussaf]]. | #If the Shaliach Tzibbur makes a mistake in Chazara and forgets to say an addition has the same halacha as in individual who forgets that addition. The one exception to this is that if the Shaliach Tzibbur forgets to say [[Yaaleh VeYavo]] on [[Rosh Chodesh]] in [[Shacharit]] and he has completed the [[Chazarat HaShatz]] he does not have to repeat it. However, if he remembers before the end of the Chazara he should go back to Retzeh and add in [[Yaaleh VeYavo]].<ref>*The Gemara [[Brachot]] 30b quotes a Briatta which says that if one forgets to say [[Yaaleh VeYavo]] at [[Shacharit]] one doesn’t have to repeat Shemonah Esrei because one could make it up at [[Mussaf]]. | ||
*Rashi (30b s.v. BeTzibbur) explains that the Gemara is discussing an individual who forgot to say [[Yaaleh VeYavo]] in [[Shacharit]] and the reason he doesn’t have to repeat it is because he will hear [[Yaaleh VeYavo]] from the Shaliach Tzibbur in the Chazara. The Tur 126 asks on this explanation because seemingly it doesn’t fit back into the words of the Gemara. | *Rashi (30b s.v. BeTzibbur) explains that the Gemara is discussing an individual who forgot to say [[Yaaleh VeYavo]] in [[Shacharit]] and the reason he doesn’t have to repeat it is because he will hear [[Yaaleh VeYavo]] from the Shaliach Tzibbur in the Chazara. The Tur 126 asks on this explanation because seemingly it doesn’t fit back into the words of the Gemara. | ||
*Bahag (quoted by Rashi above) explains that the Gemara is discussing a Shaliach Tzibbur who forgot to say [[Yaaleh VeYavo]] in the Chazara of [[Shacharit]] and the reason he doesn’t have to repeat is because there would be an inconvenience to the congregation to make them hear another Chazara rather it’s enough that they will mention [[Rosh Chodesh]] in [[Mussaf]]. This explanation is brought in the Rif ([[Brachot]] 21a), Rabbenu Yonah ([[Brachot]] 21a s.v. UbeTzibbur), Rosh ([[Brachot]] 4:23), and Rambam ([[Tefillah]] 10:12). This is the basis for the ruling of Tur and S”A 126:3. | *Bahag (quoted by Rashi above) explains that the Gemara is discussing a Shaliach Tzibbur who forgot to say [[Yaaleh VeYavo]] in the Chazara of [[Shacharit]] and the reason he doesn’t have to repeat is because there would be an inconvenience to the congregation to make them hear another Chazara rather it’s enough that they will mention [[Rosh Chodesh]] in [[Mussaf]]. This explanation is brought in the Rif ([[Brachot]] 21a), Rabbenu Yonah ([[Brachot]] 21a s.v. UbeTzibbur), Rosh ([[Brachot]] 4:23), and Rambam ([[Tefillah]] 10:12). This is the basis for the ruling of Tur and S”A 126:3. | ||
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*However, the Smag (quoted by Tur 126:3) says that it also applies to [[Mussaf]]; if the Shaliach Tzibbur didn’t mention [[Rosh Chodesh]] in the Chazara of [[Mussaf]] then he is not obligated to return because he can make it up in [[Mincha]]. However, the Tur argues strongly that this is not found in the Gemara. The Bet Yosef 126:3 quotes the Smag saying that this actually was one version of the text of the Gemara, nonetheless, the Bet Yosef concludes that we hold like the Tur because that is the text of the Rosh 4:23, Rif 21a, and Rambam 10:12. The S”A 126:3 rules like the Tur that there’s no leniency by [[Mussaf]]. | *However, the Smag (quoted by Tur 126:3) says that it also applies to [[Mussaf]]; if the Shaliach Tzibbur didn’t mention [[Rosh Chodesh]] in the Chazara of [[Mussaf]] then he is not obligated to return because he can make it up in [[Mincha]]. However, the Tur argues strongly that this is not found in the Gemara. The Bet Yosef 126:3 quotes the Smag saying that this actually was one version of the text of the Gemara, nonetheless, the Bet Yosef concludes that we hold like the Tur because that is the text of the Rosh 4:23, Rif 21a, and Rambam 10:12. The S”A 126:3 rules like the Tur that there’s no leniency by [[Mussaf]]. | ||
*[Actually, our version of the Gemara says that the same is true of forgetting [[Yaaleh VeYavo]] in [[Mariv]] and [[Mussaf]] because one could make it up in [[Shacharit]] and [[Mincha]], respectively. However, Tosfot 30b writes that the version which extends this idea to [[Mariv]] is incorrect because the later Gemara gives a different reason why one who forgets to say [[Yaaleh VeYavo]] at [[Mariv]] doesn’t have to repeat Shemonah Esrei. Additionally, Hagahot HaGra ({{ibid}}.) writes that the Rif and the other poskim don’t have the text which extends this idea beyond [[Shacharit]].]</ref> | *[Actually, our version of the Gemara says that the same is true of forgetting [[Yaaleh VeYavo]] in [[Mariv]] and [[Mussaf]] because one could make it up in [[Shacharit]] and [[Mincha]], respectively. However, Tosfot 30b writes that the version which extends this idea to [[Mariv]] is incorrect because the later Gemara gives a different reason why one who forgets to say [[Yaaleh VeYavo]] at [[Mariv]] doesn’t have to repeat Shemonah Esrei. Additionally, Hagahot HaGra ({{ibid}}.) writes that the Rif and the other poskim don’t have the text which extends this idea beyond [[Shacharit]].]</ref> | ||
#The same is true if on [[Shabbat]] or [[Yom Tov]], meaning that if the Shaliach Tzibbur doesn’t mention any reference to [[Shabbat]] or [[Yom Tov]] in Chazara of [[Shacharit]], but rather says a Chazara of a weekday [[Shacharit]]. If he completed the Chazara he doesn’t have to repeat. However, if the Shaliach Tzibbur remembered before the end of Chazara he should return to the beginning of Yismach Moshe (on [[Shabbat]]) or Atta Bechartanu (on [[Yom Tov]]). <ref>*For background see above footnote. The Smak (quoted by the Tur 126:3) writes that the leniency of the Gemara, that if the Shaliach Tzibbur forgets to mention [[Rosh Chodesh]] in Chazara of [[Shacharit]] on [[Rosh Chodesh]] he doesn’t have to repeat the Shemonah Esrei applies equally to [[Shabbat]] and [[Yom Tov]]. [The Mishna Brurah 126:14 explains the case is that the Shaliach Tzibbur said a Chazara of a weekday [[Shacharit]] in place of [[Shabbat]] or [[Yom Tov]].] The Tur agreed with the Smak. The Rama 126:3 rules like the Smak. The Mishna Brurah 126:15 writes that even though some argue the halacha follows the Rama. | #The same is true if on [[Shabbat]] or [[Yom Tov]], meaning that if the Shaliach Tzibbur doesn’t mention any reference to [[Shabbat]] or [[Yom Tov]] in Chazara of [[Shacharit]], but rather says a Chazara of a weekday [[Shacharit]]. If he completed the Chazara he doesn’t have to repeat. However, if the Shaliach Tzibbur remembered before the end of Chazara he should return to the beginning of Yismach Moshe (on [[Shabbat]]) or Atta Bechartanu (on [[Yom Tov]]).<ref>*For background see above footnote. The Smak (quoted by the Tur 126:3) writes that the leniency of the Gemara, that if the Shaliach Tzibbur forgets to mention [[Rosh Chodesh]] in Chazara of [[Shacharit]] on [[Rosh Chodesh]] he doesn’t have to repeat the Shemonah Esrei applies equally to [[Shabbat]] and [[Yom Tov]]. [The Mishna Brurah 126:14 explains the case is that the Shaliach Tzibbur said a Chazara of a weekday [[Shacharit]] in place of [[Shabbat]] or [[Yom Tov]].] The Tur agreed with the Smak. The Rama 126:3 rules like the Smak. The Mishna Brurah 126:15 writes that even though some argue the halacha follows the Rama. | ||
*However, the Smag (quoted by the Tur 126:3) and Bet Yosef 126:3 based on the language of the Gemara and Rambam disagree and say that the leniency of the Gemara is limited to [[Rosh Chodesh]] and doesn’t apply to [[Shabbat]] and [[Yom Tov]]. Nonetheless, Kaf HaChaim 126:19 writes that if the Shaliach Tzibbur finished the Chazara one may rely on the Rama because of delaying the congregation.</ref> | *However, the Smag (quoted by the Tur 126:3) and Bet Yosef 126:3 based on the language of the Gemara and Rambam disagree and say that the leniency of the Gemara is limited to [[Rosh Chodesh]] and doesn’t apply to [[Shabbat]] and [[Yom Tov]]. Nonetheless, Kaf HaChaim 126:19 writes that if the Shaliach Tzibbur finished the Chazara one may rely on the Rama because of delaying the congregation.</ref> | ||
#A Shaliach Tzibbur who makes a mistake and skipped a Bracha of Shemonah Esrei (in [[Chazarat HaShatz]]) and when he is corrected he returns to where he made the mistake, he should continue to be Shaliach Tzibbur. However, if he skipped Birkat HaMinim (VeLamalshinim) the Shaliach Tzibbur should be removed immediately because there’s a fear that he is a heretic. <ref>Tur and S”A 126:1 </ref> | #A Shaliach Tzibbur who makes a mistake and skipped a Bracha of Shemonah Esrei (in [[Chazarat HaShatz]]) and when he is corrected he returns to where he made the mistake, he should continue to be Shaliach Tzibbur. However, if he skipped Birkat HaMinim (VeLamalshinim) the Shaliach Tzibbur should be removed immediately because there’s a fear that he is a heretic.<ref>Tur and S”A 126:1 </ref> | ||
#A Shaliach Tzibbur who makes a mistake and skipped a Bracha of Shemonah Esrei (in [[Chazarat HaShatz]]) and when he is corrected he is unable to return to where he made the mistake, another Shaliach Tzibbur should take his place. The next one should begin from the beginning of the Bracha where the mistake happened and if the mistake happened in the first three [[Brachot]] of Shemonah Esrei the Shaliach Tzibbur should begin from the beginning of Shemonah Esrei and if it was in the last three [[Brachot]] of Shemonah Esrei he should begin from Retzeh. <ref>Tur and S”A 126:1 </ref> | #A Shaliach Tzibbur who makes a mistake and skipped a Bracha of Shemonah Esrei (in [[Chazarat HaShatz]]) and when he is corrected he is unable to return to where he made the mistake, another Shaliach Tzibbur should take his place. The next one should begin from the beginning of the Bracha where the mistake happened and if the mistake happened in the first three [[Brachot]] of Shemonah Esrei the Shaliach Tzibbur should begin from the beginning of Shemonah Esrei and if it was in the last three [[Brachot]] of Shemonah Esrei he should begin from Retzeh.<ref>Tur and S”A 126:1 </ref> | ||
==When to start Chazarat HaShatz== | ==When to start Chazarat HaShatz== | ||
#Some say that if the Shaliach Tzibbur is ready to start the Chazarat HaShatz and there's someone praying behind him, it's permitted to take the three steps back before beginning Chazarat HaShatz. <ref>Avnei Yishpeh 5:15</ref>However, some say that one should say Aseh HaShalom without taking the three steps back until after Chazarat HaShatz. <ref>Halichot Shlomo ([[Tefillah]] pg 289) </ref> | #Some say that if the Shaliach Tzibbur is ready to start the Chazarat HaShatz and there's someone praying behind him, it's permitted to take the three steps back before beginning Chazarat HaShatz.<ref>Avnei Yishpeh 5:15</ref>However, some say that one should say Aseh HaShalom without taking the three steps back until after Chazarat HaShatz.<ref>Halichot Shlomo ([[Tefillah]] pg 289) </ref> | ||
#If there's [[minyan]] of ten people and one person is praying a lengthy silent Shemona Esheh, it's preferable to wait for him, however, if there are needs such as if the [[minyan]] will separate or if it's a bother to congregation to wait, they may begin Chazarat HaShatz even though one is still saying [[Shemona Esreh]].<ref>Tzitz Eliezer 12:9</ref> | #If there's [[minyan]] of ten people and one person is praying a lengthy silent Shemona Esheh, it's preferable to wait for him, however, if there are needs such as if the [[minyan]] will separate or if it's a bother to congregation to wait, they may begin Chazarat HaShatz even though one is still saying [[Shemona Esreh]].<ref>Tzitz Eliezer 12:9</ref> | ||
#The chazan should not speak between completion of his silent amidah and the start of the repetition of the amidah. Even learning Torah during that time is inappropriate as he should use the time to prepare himself to lead the prayer. <ref>Sh"t Rivivot Ephraim 1:50:16 </ref> | #The chazan should not speak between completion of his silent amidah and the start of the repetition of the amidah. Even learning Torah during that time is inappropriate as he should use the time to prepare himself to lead the prayer.<ref>Sh"t Rivivot Ephraim 1:50:16 </ref> | ||
==Links== | ==Links== | ||
