Challah: Difference between revisions
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==Amount of Dough Necessary== | ==Amount of Dough Necessary== | ||
#According to Ashkenazim, some say that the Minhag is to remove Challah with a Bracha when making a dough that is 5 pounds (2.27 kg) or more and remove Challah without a Bracha when making dough that is 3 pounds (1.35 kg) or more.<ref>Shulchan Aruch YD 324:1 and Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 35:1 write that the amount necessary in order to be obligated in Challah is 43.2 [[KeBaytzim]] of flour.[http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/777708/Rabbi_Hershel_Schachter/Parsha_Shiur_-_Shelach_5772 Rabbi Hershel Schachter on yutorah.org] (Shiur on Parshat Shalach, min 50) quotes Rav Eliyahu Yosef Henkin ([http://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=2274&st=&pgnum=139 Edut LeYisrael page 138]) who says to remove Challah with a Bracha if the dough is 5 pounds or more and without a Bracha if the dough is 3 pounds or more.</ref> Others say that the Minhag of Yerushalyim is to take Challah off without a Bracha if the dough is 2.65 pounds (1200 grams) or more and to remove Challah with a Bracha if the dough is 3.67 pounds (1666 grams) or more.<ref>Halichot Shlomo (Moadim vol 2 pg 338 note 54) writes that this was the Minhag in Rav Shlomo Zalman’s house and that of Yerushalyim. Steipler in Shiurin Shel Torah (5716, p. 86) writes that one should take off challah without a bracha for flour of a bit more than 1200 grams, like Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach. A bracha is only recited if using more than 2.25 kg of flour, like Rav Henkin. | #According to Ashkenazim, some say that the Minhag is to remove Challah with a Bracha when making a dough that is 5 pounds (2.27 kg) or more and remove Challah without a Bracha when making dough that is 3 pounds (1.35 kg) or more.<ref>Shulchan Aruch YD 324:1 and Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 35:1 write that the amount necessary in order to be obligated in Challah is 43.2 [[KeBaytzim]] of flour.[http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/777708/Rabbi_Hershel_Schachter/Parsha_Shiur_-_Shelach_5772 Rabbi Hershel Schachter on yutorah.org] (Shiur on Parshat Shalach, min 50) quotes Rav Eliyahu Yosef Henkin ([http://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=2274&st=&pgnum=139 Edut LeYisrael page 138]) who says to remove Challah with a Bracha if the dough is 5 pounds or more and without a Bracha if the dough is 3 pounds or more. Ben Ish Hai, Halachot 2nd Year, Shmini 21 writes that the shiur of Challah is 777 dirhams or 5.14 pounds (using 3 grams per dirham).</ref> Others say that the Minhag of Yerushalyim is to take Challah off without a Bracha if the dough is 2.65 pounds (1200 grams) or more and to remove Challah with a Bracha if the dough is 3.67 pounds (1666 grams) or more.<ref>Halichot Shlomo (Moadim vol 2 pg 338 note 54) writes that this was the Minhag in Rav Shlomo Zalman’s house and that of Yerushalyim. Middot Vshiurei Torah p. 232 (Rav Chaim Beinish) agrees that this is the minhag Yerushalayim to take challah with a bracha for 3.67 pounds. Shevet Halevi 11:253:3 holds that the minhag in Yerushalayim is to take challah with a bracha for 1.75kg (3.86lb) of flour. Steipler in Shiurin Shel Torah (5716, p. 86) writes that one should take off challah without a bracha for flour of a bit more than 1200 grams, like Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach. A bracha is only recited if using more than 2.25 kg of flour, like Rav Henkin. | ||
* Eliyah Rabba 456:1 quotes the Tosfot Yom Tov as holding that the measure to be obligated in challah is one pint in Prague. He cites that the Tzlach Pesachim 116b also quotes this Tosfot Yom Tov. Hidurei Hamiddot pp. 242-3 quotes the Middot Vmishkalot Shel Torah p. 231 who writes that the measure of sixteenth century Prague measure of a pint is 2.003L and in weight of flour that is approximately 2.3 pounds of flour (1 L of water = 1 kg; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; [https://www.traditionaloven.com/culinary-arts/flours/plain-flour/convert-liter-to-kilogram.html#:~:text=One%20liter%20of%20plain%20flour,equals%20to%200.53%20kg%20%2D%20kilo 1 L of water = 0.53 kg of flour]). | * Eliyah Rabba 456:1 quotes the Tosfot Yom Tov as holding that the measure to be obligated in challah is one pint in Prague. He cites that the Tzlach Pesachim 116b also quotes this Tosfot Yom Tov. Hidurei Hamiddot pp. 242-3 quotes the Middot Vmishkalot Shel Torah p. 231 who writes that the measure of sixteenth century Prague measure of a pint is 2.003L and in weight of flour that is approximately 2.3 pounds of flour (1 L of water = 1 kg; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; [https://www.traditionaloven.com/culinary-arts/flours/plain-flour/convert-liter-to-kilogram.html#:~:text=One%20liter%20of%20plain%20flour,equals%20to%200.53%20kg%20%2D%20kilo 1 L of water = 0.53 kg of flour]). | ||
* Magen Avraham 456:2 and Mishna Brurah 456:3 write that the shiur is 3 quarts. Hidurei Middot p. 243 cites that the Yesh Nochlin (Kavanat Tefillah n. 17, cited by Mekor Chaim OC 88:1) measured that the the Prague pint is equivalent to 3 old polish quarts. Those who quote 3 quarts: Mahari Vayil n. 193, Shach YD 324:3, Taz 606:6, Magen Avraham 456:2, Pri Megadim SD 97, Chayei Adam 128:15, Tevuot Shor (Bechor Shor Sanhedrin 93b), Bear Heitiv 88:2, Chavot Yair (Chut Hashani 97, Mekor Chaim 88:1, 456), Mishna Brurah 456:3, Maharsham (Techelet Mordechai Shabbat Hagadol n. 128), Aruch Hashulchan YD 324:3, and Eliya Rabba 456:11.</ref> | * Magen Avraham 456:2 and Mishna Brurah 456:3 write that the shiur is 3 quarts. Hidurei Middot p. 243 cites that the Yesh Nochlin (Kavanat Tefillah n. 17, cited by Mekor Chaim OC 88:1) measured that the the Prague pint is equivalent to 3 old polish quarts. Those who quote 3 quarts: Mahari Vayil n. 193, Shach YD 324:3, Taz 606:6, Magen Avraham 456:2, Pri Megadim SD 97, Chayei Adam 128:15, Tevuot Shor (Bechor Shor Sanhedrin 93b), Bear Heitiv 88:2, Chavot Yair (Chut Hashani 97, Mekor Chaim 88:1, 456), Mishna Brurah 456:3, Maharsham (Techelet Mordechai Shabbat Hagadol n. 128), Aruch Hashulchan YD 324:3, and Eliya Rabba 456:11.</ref> | ||
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#The text of the Bracha upon removing Challah is "ברוך אתה ה, ' אלוקינו מלך העולם אשר קדשנו במצוותיו וצונו להפריש חלה".<ref>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 35:1</ref> | #The text of the Bracha upon removing Challah is "ברוך אתה ה, ' אלוקינו מלך העולם אשר קדשנו במצוותיו וצונו להפריש חלה".<ref>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 35:1</ref> | ||
#After reciting the above Bracha one should remove a [[Kezayit]] of dough and burn it. The Minhag is to burn the piece of dough in the same oven that the bread is baking.<ref>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 35:1</ref> | #After reciting the above Bracha one should remove a [[Kezayit]] of dough and burn it. The Minhag is to burn the piece of dough in the same oven that the bread is baking.<ref>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 35:1</ref> | ||
#Sephardim in the diaspora can remove Challah and give it to a child Kohen who never saw a keri or an adult who went to mikveh and isn't a Niddah, Zava, Tumat Keri, or Zav.<ref>Shulchan Aruch Y.D. 322:5 based on Bechorot 27a</ref> Even Sephardim could burn the challah in the diapsora.<ref>[http://www.dailyhalacha.com/m/halacha.aspx?id=3017 Rabbi Mansour on dailyhalacha.com]</ref> | #Sephardim in the diaspora can remove Challah and give it to a child Kohen who never saw a keri or an adult who went to mikveh and isn't a Niddah, Zava, Tumat Keri, or Zav.<ref>Shulchan Aruch Y.D. 322:5 based on Bechorot 27a</ref> Even Sephardim could burn the challah in the diapsora.<ref>Ben Ish Hai, Halachot 2nd Year, Shmini 23 writes that Sephardim burn challah today. [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/m/halacha.aspx?id=3017 Rabbi Mansour on dailyhalacha.com] agrees.</ref> | ||
==Forgot to Remove Challah== | ==Forgot to Remove Challah== | ||
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#If Challah got cooked into other foods it makes them forbidden. If it is mixed with the same type of ingredient which is permitted everything is forbidden unless the permitted ingredient is a hundred times that amount of Challah. If it is mixed with a different type of ingredient which is permitted everything is forbidden unless the permitted ingredient is sixty times that amount of Challah.<ref>Ran Nedarim 52a citing the Yerushalmi, Tosfot Chullin 99a s.v. ein, Rama YD 323:1 all hold that min b'sheino mino is batel one in sixty by Challah. However, the Rambam (Machalot Asurot 15:30) holds that it isn't batel unless there is one hundred even for a case of sheino mino. See Rabbi Akiva Eiger (Frankel Rambam) who asks on this Rambam.</ref> | #If Challah got cooked into other foods it makes them forbidden. If it is mixed with the same type of ingredient which is permitted everything is forbidden unless the permitted ingredient is a hundred times that amount of Challah. If it is mixed with a different type of ingredient which is permitted everything is forbidden unless the permitted ingredient is sixty times that amount of Challah.<ref>Ran Nedarim 52a citing the Yerushalmi, Tosfot Chullin 99a s.v. ein, Rama YD 323:1 all hold that min b'sheino mino is batel one in sixty by Challah. However, the Rambam (Machalot Asurot 15:30) holds that it isn't batel unless there is one hundred even for a case of sheino mino. See Rabbi Akiva Eiger (Frankel Rambam) who asks on this Rambam.</ref> | ||
# If a piece of challah outside Israel fell into a mixture of food that doesn't taste like the challah it is nullified in sixty. Even if one is | # If a piece of challah outside Israel fell into a mixture of food that doesn't taste like the challah it is nullified in sixty. Even if one is unsure if there's sixty it is nonetheless nullified.<ref>[https://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=1428&st=&pgnum=334 Maharash Engel 2:9]. Shulchan Aruch Y.D. 323:1 says challah of chutz laretz is batel brov and Rama says bmino 100 and eino mino 60. Rama has idea that you can be shoel on the hafrasha like any neder with a petach. The Taz 323:2 argues that you can’t be matir the neder since it is nolad and not charata mikara. One of his questions is if you can be shoel then why isn’t it a dvar sheyesh lo matirin even though it isn’t a mitzvah to be shoel (Nedarim 59a) but we say byado ltaken is dvar sheyesh lo matirin even when it isn’t a mitzvah as we follow Shulchan Aruch Y.D. 102:3 unlike Maharshal cited by Shach. Maharash Engel 2:9 answers that it is a petach but still not a dvar sheyesh lo matirin because before it was in the tarovet it didn’t have a petach and only became a dvar sheyesh lo matirin with sheyla because of a petach when it entered the tarovet. Since dvar sheyesh lo matirin doesn't apply when it wasn’t a dvar sheyesh lo matirin before it entered the tarovet this should be permitted. Then he considers that this idea only works for the Ran’s logic in dvar sheyesh lo matirin but for rashi that svara doesn’t make sense since you can still wait. Finally he concludes to be lenient because of a [[safek safeka]]. Safek there’s 60x and safek that it isn’t a dvar sheyesh lo matirin. He adds if it is 60x and it is mixed in eino mino there’s no [[dvar sheyesh lo matirin]] since it is like it doesn’t exist.</ref> | ||
# If one didn't yet eat the challah it is advisable to do [[hatarat nedarim]] to undo the establishment of challah and then take another piece as challah.<ref>Rama Y.D. 323:1 writes that it is permitted to undo the declaration of challah when there's a mixture without 101 to nullify the challah. Shach 323:7 explains that we don't do hatarat nedarim to undo a declaration of a mitzvah unless it is a case of extenuating circumstances (Y.D. 203:3) and this case qualifies as that. Chelkat Binyamin 323:20 quotes that the achronim accept the Rama unlike the Taz. These achronim include: Levush, Bet Meir, Chachmat Adam 14:6, Mekor Chaim 457:101, Birkei Yosef, Chatom Sofer EH 2:92, Aruch Hashulchan 323:14, Chavot Yair 130, Bet Yakov 110, Shvut Yakov 3:27, and Gra.</ref> | # If one didn't yet eat the challah it is advisable to do [[hatarat nedarim]] to undo the establishment of challah and then take another piece as challah.<ref>Rama Y.D. 323:1 writes that it is permitted to undo the declaration of challah when there's a mixture without 101 to nullify the challah. Shach 323:7 explains that we don't do hatarat nedarim to undo a declaration of a mitzvah unless it is a case of extenuating circumstances (Y.D. 203:3) and this case qualifies as that. Chelkat Binyamin 323:20 quotes that the achronim accept the Rama unlike the Taz. These achronim include: Levush, Bet Meir, Chachmat Adam 14:6, Mekor Chaim 457:101, Birkei Yosef, Chatom Sofer EH 2:92, Aruch Hashulchan 323:14, Chavot Yair 130, Bet Yakov 110, Shvut Yakov 3:27, and Gra.</ref> | ||
