Challah: Difference between revisions
From Halachipedia
m
Text replacement - " Biblical" to " biblical"
m (Text replacement - " Biblical" to " biblical") Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
|||
| (3 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 3: | Line 3: | ||
==General Guidelines== | ==General Guidelines== | ||
#The Mitzvah of removing Challah<ref>The Mitzvah of Challah is counted as one of the 613 mitzvot by the Rambam (Sefer HaMitzvot Asin #133) and Sefer HaChinuch (385).</ref> is only | #The Mitzvah of removing Challah<ref>The Mitzvah of Challah is counted as one of the 613 mitzvot by the Rambam (Sefer HaMitzvot Asin #133) and Sefer HaChinuch (385).</ref> is only biblical in [[Israel]] and when majority<ref>Derech Emunah Bikkurim 5:28 writes that you don't actually need all of the Jews and a majority is enough. He proves it from the Ritva Ketubot 25a and claims that this is the opinion of other rishonim. See however, [https://www.toraland.org.il/%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%95%D7%AA-%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA-%D7%91%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A5/%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%98%D7%94/%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%AA-%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%98%D7%94/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91-%D7%99%D7%94%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99-%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%9D-%D7%91%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A5-%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C/#_ftn44 Rav Yehuda Amichai] section 8 who argues that the Rambam means all the Jews need to reside in Israel for the mitzvah to be biblical.</ref> of Bnei Yisrael reside in [[Israel]]. There is nonetheless a Rabbinic Mitzvah of Challah outside [[Israel]] and in [[Israel]] when Bnei Yisrael does not reside there.<ref>Rambam (Bikkurim 5:5-6) writes that The Mitzvah of removing Challah is only biblical in [[Israel]] and when all of Bnei Yisrael reside in [[Israel]]. There is nonetheless a Rabbinic Mitzvah of Challah outside [[Israel]] and in [[Israel]] when Bnei Yisrael do not reside there.</ref> | ||
#It must be stressed that the Mitzvah of Challah applies to all types of dough, not just "Challah Bread"; even dough for baking pastries can be obligated in Challah <ref>R. Shechter, http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/802895/Rabbi_Hershel_Schachter/Inyonei_Challah </ref>. | #It must be stressed that the Mitzvah of Challah applies to all types of dough, not just "Challah Bread"; even dough for baking pastries can be obligated in Challah <ref>R. Shechter, http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/802895/Rabbi_Hershel_Schachter/Inyonei_Challah </ref>. | ||
==Conditions for Being Obligated in Challah== | ==Conditions for Being Obligated in Challah== | ||
#Any dough made from the 5 grains is obligated in the Mitzvah of Challah. <ref>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 35:1</ref> | #Any dough made from the 5 grains is obligated in the Mitzvah of Challah.<ref>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 35:1</ref> | ||
#If the dough or a part of the dough is going to be baked one should separate Challah with a Bracha, however, if all of it is going to be cooked or fried one should separate Challah without a Bracha.<ref>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 35:6</ref> | #If the dough or a part of the dough is going to be baked one should separate Challah with a Bracha, however, if all of it is going to be cooked or fried one should separate Challah without a Bracha.<ref>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 35:6</ref> | ||
#If the dough is kneaded with eggs or fruit juice, there is some doubt as to whether one needs to separate Challah; therefore, one should knead into the dough some liquid that is considered a "משקה" [e.g. water, milk, bee's honey, wine, oil], and then one can separate Challah with a Beracha <ref>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 35:7 </ref>. | #If the dough is kneaded with eggs or fruit juice, there is some doubt as to whether one needs to separate Challah; therefore, one should knead into the dough some liquid that is considered a "משקה" [e.g. water, milk, bee's honey, wine, oil], and then one can separate Challah with a Beracha <ref>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 35:7 </ref>. | ||
| Line 15: | Line 15: | ||
#The Mitzvah of Challah applies to the owner of the Challah who is baking the dough, whether that is a man or a woman. However, the woman has preference over a man in fulfilling this Mitzvah as it is particularly relevant for women.<ref>Mishna ([[Shabbat]] 2:6), Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 35:8, Yalkut Yosef YD 328:12</ref> | #The Mitzvah of Challah applies to the owner of the Challah who is baking the dough, whether that is a man or a woman. However, the woman has preference over a man in fulfilling this Mitzvah as it is particularly relevant for women.<ref>Mishna ([[Shabbat]] 2:6), Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 35:8, Yalkut Yosef YD 328:12</ref> | ||
#The dough of a non-Jew is exempt from the mitzvah of hafrashas challah, even if the Jews bakes it into bread. <ref>Shulchan Aruch YD 330:1 </ref> | #The dough of a non-Jew is exempt from the mitzvah of hafrashas challah, even if the Jews bakes it into bread.<ref>Shulchan Aruch YD 330:1 </ref> | ||
==Amount of Dough Necessary== | ==Amount of Dough Necessary== | ||
#According to Ashkenazim, some say that the Minhag is to remove Challah with a Bracha when making a dough that is 5 pounds (2.27 kg) or more and remove Challah without a Bracha when making dough that is 3 pounds (1.35 kg) or more. <ref>Shulchan Aruch YD 324:1 and Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 35:1 write that the amount necessary in order to be obligated in Challah is 43.2 [[KeBaytzim]] of flour.[http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/777708/Rabbi_Hershel_Schachter/Parsha_Shiur_-_Shelach_5772 Rabbi Hershel Schachter on yutorah.org] (Shiur on Parshat Shalach, min 50) quotes Rav Eliyahu Yosef Henkin ([http://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=2274&st=&pgnum=139 Edut LeYisrael page 138]) who says to remove Challah with a Bracha if the dough is 5 pounds or more and without a Bracha if the dough is 3 pounds or more.</ref> Others say that the Minhag of Yerushalyim is to take Challah off without a Bracha if the dough is 2.65 pounds (1200 grams) or more and to remove Challah with a Bracha if the dough is 3.67 pounds (1666 grams) or more. <ref>Halichot Shlomo (Moadim vol 2 pg 338 note 54) writes that this was the Minhag in Rav Shlomo Zalman’s house and that of Yerushalyim. </ref> | #According to Ashkenazim, some say that the Minhag is to remove Challah with a Bracha when making a dough that is 5 pounds (2.27 kg) or more and remove Challah without a Bracha when making dough that is 3 pounds (1.35 kg) or more.<ref>Shulchan Aruch YD 324:1 and Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 35:1 write that the amount necessary in order to be obligated in Challah is 43.2 [[KeBaytzim]] of flour.[http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/777708/Rabbi_Hershel_Schachter/Parsha_Shiur_-_Shelach_5772 Rabbi Hershel Schachter on yutorah.org] (Shiur on Parshat Shalach, min 50) quotes Rav Eliyahu Yosef Henkin ([http://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=2274&st=&pgnum=139 Edut LeYisrael page 138]) who says to remove Challah with a Bracha if the dough is 5 pounds or more and without a Bracha if the dough is 3 pounds or more.</ref> Others say that the Minhag of Yerushalyim is to take Challah off without a Bracha if the dough is 2.65 pounds (1200 grams) or more and to remove Challah with a Bracha if the dough is 3.67 pounds (1666 grams) or more.<ref>Halichot Shlomo (Moadim vol 2 pg 338 note 54) writes that this was the Minhag in Rav Shlomo Zalman’s house and that of Yerushalyim. </ref> | ||
#According to Sephardim, one should take off Challah with a Bracha when making a dough with 3.44 pounds (1560 grams) or more of flour and it is a pious practice to remove Challah without a Bracha when making a dough with 2.65 pounds (1200 grams) or more of flour.<ref>Yalkut Yosef YD 324:6</ref> However, some say that one should only remove Challah with a Bracha for dough that is 5.29 pounds (2400 grams) and without a Bracha for dough that is 3.67 pounds (1666 grams).<ref>Rav Modechai Eliyahu (comments on Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 35:2</ref> | #According to Sephardim, one should take off Challah with a Bracha when making a dough with 3.44 pounds (1560 grams) or more of flour and it is a pious practice to remove Challah without a Bracha when making a dough with 2.65 pounds (1200 grams) or more of flour.<ref>Yalkut Yosef YD 324:6</ref> However, some say that one should only remove Challah with a Bracha for dough that is 5.29 pounds (2400 grams) and without a Bracha for dough that is 3.67 pounds (1666 grams).<ref>Rav Modechai Eliyahu (comments on Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 35:2</ref> | ||
#It is forbidden to intentionally make less than the shiur challah, the minimum amount of dough which would obligate one to separate Challah.<ref>Rambam Bikkurim 6:15, Shulchan Aruch Y.D. 324:14, Yalkut Yosef YD 324:7. Shulchan Aruch Y.D. 324:14 writes that it is forbidden to make Challah less than the requisite amount to remove Challah in order to absolve oneself of the Mitzvah. The Gra 324:23 points out that this is based on Yerushalmi Challah 3:1 and Pesachim 48b.</ref> The poskim explain that this only applies if one wants to bake a large amount and is intentionally baking it in two parts separately in order to exempt oneself from the mitzvah of Challah, however, there's nothing wrong with baking a small amount if that's all one wants to bake now.<ref>Shach 324:25 and Taz 324:17 write that someone who only has a small piece of dough is nonetheless allowed to bake it and doesn't have to worry about this prohibition since one's intention isn't absolve oneself from the mitzvah. Aruch Hashulchan 324:41 explains further that the entire prohibition is only for someone who wants to bake a shiur challah and intentionally absolves himself from the mitzvah by baking it in halves. Mishna Halachot 8:228 and 19:112 echoes this sentiment explicitly that there's nothing wrong at all with someone who only wants to bake a small amount less than the shiur Challah.</ref> | #It is forbidden to intentionally make less than the shiur challah, the minimum amount of dough which would obligate one to separate Challah.<ref>Rambam Bikkurim 6:15, Shulchan Aruch Y.D. 324:14, Yalkut Yosef YD 324:7. Shulchan Aruch Y.D. 324:14 writes that it is forbidden to make Challah less than the requisite amount to remove Challah in order to absolve oneself of the Mitzvah. The Gra 324:23 points out that this is based on Yerushalmi Challah 3:1 and Pesachim 48b.</ref> The poskim explain that this only applies if one wants to bake a large amount and is intentionally baking it in two parts separately in order to exempt oneself from the mitzvah of Challah, however, there's nothing wrong with baking a small amount if that's all one wants to bake now.<ref>Shach 324:25 and Taz 324:17 write that someone who only has a small piece of dough is nonetheless allowed to bake it and doesn't have to worry about this prohibition since one's intention isn't absolve oneself from the mitzvah. Aruch Hashulchan 324:41 explains further that the entire prohibition is only for someone who wants to bake a shiur challah and intentionally absolves himself from the mitzvah by baking it in halves. Mishna Halachot 8:228 and 19:112 echoes this sentiment explicitly that there's nothing wrong at all with someone who only wants to bake a small amount less than the shiur Challah.</ref> | ||
| Line 28: | Line 28: | ||
==Procedure of Removing Challah== | ==Procedure of Removing Challah== | ||
#The text of the Bracha upon removing Challah is "ברוך אתה ה, ' אלוקינו מלך העולם אשר קדשנו במצוותיו וצונו להפריש חלה". <ref>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 35:1</ref> | #The text of the Bracha upon removing Challah is "ברוך אתה ה, ' אלוקינו מלך העולם אשר קדשנו במצוותיו וצונו להפריש חלה".<ref>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 35:1</ref> | ||
#After reciting the above Bracha one should remove a [[Kezayit]] of dough and burn it. The Minhag is to burn the piece of dough in the same oven that the bread is baking.<ref>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 35:1</ref> | #After reciting the above Bracha one should remove a [[Kezayit]] of dough and burn it. The Minhag is to burn the piece of dough in the same oven that the bread is baking.<ref>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 35:1</ref> | ||
#Sephardim in the diaspora can remove Challah and give it to a child Kohen who never saw a keri or an adult who went to mikveh and isn't a Niddah, Zava, Tumat Keri, or Zav.<ref>Shulchan Aruch Y.D. 322:5 based on Bechorot 27a</ref> Even Sephardim could burn the challah in the diapsora.<ref>[http://www.dailyhalacha.com/m/halacha.aspx?id=3017 Rabbi Mansour on dailyhalacha.com]</ref> | #Sephardim in the diaspora can remove Challah and give it to a child Kohen who never saw a keri or an adult who went to mikveh and isn't a Niddah, Zava, Tumat Keri, or Zav.<ref>Shulchan Aruch Y.D. 322:5 based on Bechorot 27a</ref> Even Sephardim could burn the challah in the diapsora.<ref>[http://www.dailyhalacha.com/m/halacha.aspx?id=3017 Rabbi Mansour on dailyhalacha.com]</ref> | ||
| Line 34: | Line 34: | ||
==Forgot to Remove Challah== | ==Forgot to Remove Challah== | ||
#If one forgot to remove Challah Erev [[Shabbos]]: if you are outside of [[Israel]], you leave over a slice, and separate Challah from it after [[Shabbos]]. This slice must be slightly bigger than the Shi'ur Challah. <ref>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 35:9 </ref>. | #If one forgot to remove Challah Erev [[Shabbos]]: if you are outside of [[Israel]], you leave over a slice, and separate Challah from it after [[Shabbos]]. This slice must be slightly bigger than the Shi'ur Challah.<ref>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 35:9 </ref>. | ||
#This is a real problem if this happens Erev [[Shabbos]] [[Erev Pesach]] <ref>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 35:9 </ref>. | #This is a real problem if this happens Erev [[Shabbos]] [[Erev Pesach]] <ref>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 35:9 </ref>. | ||
| Line 40: | Line 40: | ||
#If Challah got cooked into other foods it makes them forbidden. If it is mixed with the same type of ingredient which is permitted everything is forbidden unless the permitted ingredient is a hundred times that amount of Challah. If it is mixed with a different type of ingredient which is permitted everything is forbidden unless the permitted ingredient is sixty times that amount of Challah.<ref>Ran Nedarim 52a citing the Yerushalmi, Tosfot Chullin 99a s.v. ein, Rama YD 323:1 all hold that min b'sheino mino is batel one in sixty by Challah. However, the Rambam (Machalot Asurot 15:30) holds that it isn't batel unless there is one hundred even for a case of sheino mino. See Rabbi Akiva Eiger (Frankel Rambam) who asks on this Rambam.</ref> | #If Challah got cooked into other foods it makes them forbidden. If it is mixed with the same type of ingredient which is permitted everything is forbidden unless the permitted ingredient is a hundred times that amount of Challah. If it is mixed with a different type of ingredient which is permitted everything is forbidden unless the permitted ingredient is sixty times that amount of Challah.<ref>Ran Nedarim 52a citing the Yerushalmi, Tosfot Chullin 99a s.v. ein, Rama YD 323:1 all hold that min b'sheino mino is batel one in sixty by Challah. However, the Rambam (Machalot Asurot 15:30) holds that it isn't batel unless there is one hundred even for a case of sheino mino. See Rabbi Akiva Eiger (Frankel Rambam) who asks on this Rambam.</ref> | ||
# If a piece of challah outside Israel fell into a mixture of food that doesn't taste like the challah it is nullified in sixty. Even if one is ensure if there's sixty it is nonetheless nullified.<ref>[https://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=1428&st=&pgnum=334 Maharash Engel 2:9]. Shulchan Aruch Y.D. 323:1 says challah of chutz laretz is batel brov and Rama says bmino 100 and eino mino 60. Rama has idea that you can be shoel on the hafrasha like any neder with a petach. The Taz 323:2 argues that you can’t be matir the neder since it is nolad and not charata mikara. One of his questions is if you can be shoel then why isn’t it a dvar sheyesh lo matirin even though it isn’t a mitzvah to be shoel (Nedarim 59a) but we say byado ltaken is dvar sheyesh lo matirin even when it isn’t a mitzvah as we follow S"A Y.D. 102:3 unlike Maharshal cited by Shach. Maharash Engel 2:9 answers that it is a petach but still not a dvar sheyesh lo matirin because before it was in the tarovet it didn’t have a petach and only became a dvar sheyesh lo matirin with sheyla because of a petach when it entered the tarovet. Since dvar sheyesh lo matirin doesn't apply when it wasn’t a dvar sheyesh lo matirin before it entered the tarovet this should be permitted. Then he considers that this idea only works for the Ran’s logic in dvar sheyesh lo matirin but for rashi that svara doesn’t make sense since you can still wait. Finally he concludes to be lenient because of a [[safek safeka]]. Safek there’s 60x and safek that it isn’t a dvar sheyesh lo matirin. He adds if it is 60x and it is mixed in eino mino there’s no [[dvar sheyesh lo matirin]] since it is like it doesn’t exist.</ref> | |||
# If one didn't yet eat the challah it is advisable to do [[hatarat nedarim]] to undo the establishment of challah and then take another piece as challah.<ref>Rama Y.D. 323:1 writes that it is permitted to undo the declaration of challah when there's a mixture without 101 to nullify the challah. Shach 323:7 explains that we don't do hatarat nedarim to undo a declaration of a mitzvah unless it is a case of extenuating circumstances (Y.D. 203:3) and this case qualifies as that.</ref> | |||
==Sources== | ==Sources== | ||
