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Building the Sukkah: Difference between revisions
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==Number of walls of the Sukkah== | ==Number of walls of the Sukkah== | ||
# The minimum number of walls necessary for a Sukkah is 3 of length 7 Tefachim. It's possible to build the third wall without having to complete it but footnote for details. <ref> S"A 630:2 according to the explanation of the Mishna Burah 630:6 the third wall doesn't have to be a full wall of 7 Tefachim but must still look like a wall and so it's permissible to build two walls next to each other (say one is from southwest to southeast and the other is southeast to northeast) and then a third wall (from northeast to northwest) constructed with a wall which is more than one Tefach thick within 3 Tefachim to one of the two other walls (within 3 tefachim of the northeast corner) and also a poll at the end of 7 tefachim (7 Tefachim from the northeast corner) and a poll on top of the more than one tefach wall and the poll at the end of 7 Tefachim. See picture. [[Image:Minimum_sukkah.png | 100px | right]]</ref> | # The minimum number of walls necessary for a Sukkah is 3 of length 7 [[Tefachim]]. It's possible to build the third wall without having to complete it but footnote for details. <ref> S"A 630:2 according to the explanation of the Mishna Burah 630:6 the third wall doesn't have to be a full wall of 7 [[Tefachim]] but must still look like a wall and so it's permissible to build two walls next to each other (say one is from southwest to southeast and the other is southeast to northeast) and then a third wall (from northeast to northwest) constructed with a wall which is more than one Tefach thick within 3 [[Tefachim]] to one of the two other walls (within 3 tefachim of the northeast corner) and also a poll at the end of 7 tefachim (7 [[Tefachim]] from the northeast corner) and a poll on top of the more than one tefach wall and the poll at the end of 7 [[Tefachim]]. See picture. [[Image:Minimum_sukkah.png | 100px | right]]</ref> | ||
# The minimum measure of a Sukkah is 7 Tefachim in length by 7 Tefachim in width and 10 Tefachim in hieght. <ref>S"A 633:8, 634:1 </ref> | # The minimum measure of a Sukkah is 7 [[Tefachim]] in length by 7 [[Tefachim]] in width and 10 [[Tefachim]] in hieght. <ref>S"A 633:8, 634:1 </ref> | ||
# There is no maximum width or length but the maximum height is 20 Amot. <ref>S"A 633:1, 634:1 </ref> | # There is no maximum width or length but the maximum height is 20 Amot. <ref>S"A 633:1, 634:1 </ref> | ||
# If the walls are made of polls or strings only in the horizontal direction or only in the vertical direction then one must have 4 wall complete walls, however, if there are 3 walls and a Tefach for the fourth wall it's a doubt whether it's acceptable. <ref>Halichot Shlomo (7:2 , pg 98) </ref> | # If the walls are made of polls or strings only in the horizontal direction or only in the vertical direction then one must have 4 wall complete walls, however, if there are 3 walls and a Tefach for the fourth wall it's a doubt whether it's acceptable. <ref>Halichot Shlomo (7:2 , pg 98) </ref> | ||
# The walls must be built within 3 Tefachim of the ground. <ref>Halichot Shlomo (7:5, pg 100) </ref> | # The walls must be built within 3 [[Tefachim]] of the ground. <ref>Halichot Shlomo (7:5, pg 100) </ref> | ||
===Arrangement of the walls=== | ===Arrangement of the walls=== | ||
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# The S'chach should be thin enough that one can see the large stars through the S'chach. <ref>S"A 631:3 </ref> | # The S'chach should be thin enough that one can see the large stars through the S'chach. <ref>S"A 631:3 </ref> | ||
# If one made the S'chach very thick so that one can't see the stars nonetheless it's fit. However, if it's so thick that when it rains a lot water won't come in then it's unfit unless there's no way to remove some S'chach in which case one may rely on the lenient opinions. <ref>S"A 631:3, Mishna Brurah 631:6 </ref> | # If one made the S'chach very thick so that one can't see the stars nonetheless it's fit. However, if it's so thick that when it rains a lot water won't come in then it's unfit unless there's no way to remove some S'chach in which case one may rely on the lenient opinions. <ref>S"A 631:3, Mishna Brurah 631:6 </ref> | ||
# If one made the S'chach very thin so that there's patches of empty space it's fit only if (1) there's no area of empty space larger than 3 Tefachim and (2) there is a majority of shade and minority of sunlight (counting the entire area of the S'chach). Even if it's an acceptable Sukkah, nonetheless, if there's a patch of 7x7 7 Tefachim which has more sunlight than shade one may not sit in that area. <ref>S"A 631:2 and 4 rules that if altogether there's a majority of shade and minority of sunlight and there's no open space of 3 Tefachim it's fit. Rama 631:2 adds that some are strict if there's an area of 7x7 Tefachim which has more sunlight than shade. The Aruch HaShulchan 631:5 and Mishna Brurah 631:4 writes that in such an area one may not sit. Mishna Brurah adds that if there's such a patch that breaks up one of the walls so that there's only 2 walls left then it puts the whole sukkah into question. </ref> | # If one made the S'chach very thin so that there's patches of empty space it's fit only if (1) there's no area of empty space larger than 3 [[Tefachim]] and (2) there is a majority of shade and minority of sunlight (counting the entire area of the S'chach). Even if it's an acceptable Sukkah, nonetheless, if there's a patch of 7x7 7 [[Tefachim]] which has more sunlight than shade one may not sit in that area. <ref>S"A 631:2 and 4 rules that if altogether there's a majority of shade and minority of sunlight and there's no open space of 3 [[Tefachim]] it's fit. Rama 631:2 adds that some are strict if there's an area of 7x7 [[Tefachim]] which has more sunlight than shade. The Aruch HaShulchan 631:5 and Mishna Brurah 631:4 writes that in such an area one may not sit. Mishna Brurah adds that if there's such a patch that breaks up one of the walls so that there's only 2 walls left then it puts the whole sukkah into question. </ref> | ||
# It's preferable not to put the S'chach directly on top of walls which are made out of material that's unfit for S'chach. <ref> Mishna Brurah 630:59, Chazon Ovadyah (Sukkot pg 44) </ref>According to most leading authorities, however, it's permissible to place S'chach on top of a material that's fit for S'chach which is in turn held up by something that's unfit for S'chach. Therefore, if one has a metal frame one should place wooden planks on the frame and then S'chach on top of it. <ref>Mishna Brurah 629:26, BeYitzchak Yikra (Rav Nevinsal) on that Mishna Brurah quoting Rav Shlomo Zalman, and Chazon Ovadyah (Sukkot pg 44) are lenient unlike the Chazon Ish 143:2. [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/764662/Rabbi_Hershel_Schachter/%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%99%D7%95%D7%94%D7%9B'%D7%A4_%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%AA Rav Hershel Schachter] (62:30-66:15) also seems to be lenient (listen for exact language). </ref> | # It's preferable not to put the S'chach directly on top of walls which are made out of material that's unfit for S'chach. <ref> Mishna Brurah 630:59, Chazon Ovadyah (Sukkot pg 44) </ref>According to most leading authorities, however, it's permissible to place S'chach on top of a material that's fit for S'chach which is in turn held up by something that's unfit for S'chach. Therefore, if one has a metal frame one should place wooden planks on the frame and then S'chach on top of it. <ref>Mishna Brurah 629:26, BeYitzchak Yikra (Rav Nevinsal) on that Mishna Brurah quoting Rav Shlomo Zalman, and Chazon Ovadyah (Sukkot pg 44) are lenient unlike the Chazon Ish 143:2. [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/764662/Rabbi_Hershel_Schachter/%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%99%D7%95%D7%94%D7%9B'%D7%A4_%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%AA Rav Hershel Schachter] (62:30-66:15) also seems to be lenient (listen for exact language). </ref> | ||
# One must ensure that one's Sukkah is under the open sky and not beneath a tree, roof of a house, or a porch. (For details about after the fact see the footnote.) <ref> Rama 626:1 writes that in all cases one should avoid building one's sukkah under a tree or roof. Mishna Brurah 626:1 and Aruch HaShulchan 626:1 explain that it's best to build the Sukkah under the open sky. So rules Chazon Ovadyah (Sukkot pg 11). However, after the fact, Aruch HaShulchan 626:1 writes if it's built under a roofed area it's unfit, but if it's built under a tree there is a discussion about when it is fit. S"A 626:1 (according to Biur Halacha D"H VeYesh, Mishna Brurah 626:10 and 11) rules that a sukkah under branches of a tree is fit only if it fits three requirements (See S"A with Mishna Brurah 626:10 and 11). (1) Among the branches of the tree there is majority of sun and minority shade (2) the there is less than four tefachim of tree branches over the sachach, and (3) there is a majority of shade from the kosher sachach and a minority of shade even without the tree branches (and even so the sachach under the tree branches itself is unfit but the rest of the sukkah is fit). </ref> | # One must ensure that one's Sukkah is under the open sky and not beneath a tree, roof of a house, or a porch. (For details about after the fact see the footnote.) <ref> Rama 626:1 writes that in all cases one should avoid building one's sukkah under a tree or roof. Mishna Brurah 626:1 and Aruch HaShulchan 626:1 explain that it's best to build the Sukkah under the open sky. So rules Chazon Ovadyah (Sukkot pg 11). However, after the fact, Aruch HaShulchan 626:1 writes if it's built under a roofed area it's unfit, but if it's built under a tree there is a discussion about when it is fit. S"A 626:1 (according to Biur Halacha D"H VeYesh, Mishna Brurah 626:10 and 11) rules that a sukkah under branches of a tree is fit only if it fits three requirements (See S"A with Mishna Brurah 626:10 and 11). (1) Among the branches of the tree there is majority of sun and minority shade (2) the there is less than four tefachim of tree branches over the sachach, and (3) there is a majority of shade from the kosher sachach and a minority of shade even without the tree branches (and even so the sachach under the tree branches itself is unfit but the rest of the sukkah is fit). </ref> | ||
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# The decorations of the Sukkah are forbidden from benefit all 8 days of Sukkot unless one stipulates before [[Yom Tov]] that I want to be able to eat and get benefit from these decorations at any time during the holiday. <ref>S"A 638:2, Chazon Ovadyah (Sukkot pg 77) </ref> | # The decorations of the Sukkah are forbidden from benefit all 8 days of Sukkot unless one stipulates before [[Yom Tov]] that I want to be able to eat and get benefit from these decorations at any time during the holiday. <ref>S"A 638:2, Chazon Ovadyah (Sukkot pg 77) </ref> | ||
# If the decorations fell on Chol HaMoed one may move them and put them back up, however, one may not benefit from it (if it's food one may not eat it) unless one stipulated as above. <ref>Mishna Brurah 638:13-4, Chazon Ovadyah (Sukkot pg 83)</ref> | # If the decorations fell on Chol HaMoed one may move them and put them back up, however, one may not benefit from it (if it's food one may not eat it) unless one stipulated as above. <ref>Mishna Brurah 638:13-4, Chazon Ovadyah (Sukkot pg 83)</ref> | ||
# One should make sure to keep the decorations hanging from the S'chach within 4 Tefachim of the S'chach. <ref>Rama 627:4 </ref> | # One should make sure to keep the decorations hanging from the S'chach within 4 [[Tefachim]] of the S'chach. <ref>Rama 627:4 </ref> | ||
# One who makes colored paper chains as a decoration of the Sukkah should make sure that it is within 4 Tefachim of the S'chach. After the fact, it is, nonetheless, fit to sit, eat, and sleep under. <ref>Chazon Ovadyah (Sukkot pg 76) </ref> | # One who makes colored paper chains as a decoration of the Sukkah should make sure that it is within 4 [[Tefachim]] of the S'chach. After the fact, it is, nonetheless, fit to sit, eat, and sleep under. <ref>Chazon Ovadyah (Sukkot pg 76) </ref> | ||
# If the decorations fell on [[Yom Tov]] they are muktzah and can not be moved. <ref>Rama 638:2, Chazon Ovadyah (Sukkot pg 83) </ref> | # If the decorations fell on [[Yom Tov]] they are muktzah and can not be moved. <ref>Rama 638:2, Chazon Ovadyah (Sukkot pg 83) </ref> | ||
# If one needs to remove a decoration because of fear of rain or thieves preferably one should stipulate (as above), however, if one forgot then one may remove them one Chol HaMoed. <ref>Mishna Brurah 638:24, Chazon Ovadyah (Sukkot pg 92), Shalmei Moed (pg 107) </ref> | # If one needs to remove a decoration because of fear of rain or thieves preferably one should stipulate (as above), however, if one forgot then one may remove them one Chol HaMoed. <ref>Mishna Brurah 638:24, Chazon Ovadyah (Sukkot pg 92), Shalmei Moed (pg 107) </ref> | ||
