Building the Sukkah: Difference between revisions
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#If the walls of the sukkah are 10 tefachim tall, but they do not reach up to the sechach, the sukkah is kosher as long as the walls are lined up with the roof or within 3 tefachim, based on the principle of gud asik mechitzta.<ref>Mishna Brurah 630:43, Chazon Ovadia Sukkot pg. 12. | #If the walls of the sukkah are 10 tefachim tall, but they do not reach up to the sechach, the sukkah is kosher as long as the walls are lined up with the roof or within 3 tefachim, based on the principle of gud asik mechitzta.<ref>Mishna Brurah 630:43, Chazon Ovadia Sukkot pg. 12. | ||
*Shulchan Aruch 630:9 teaches based on the Gemara (Sukkah 16a) that the walls don’t have to reach the schach, as long as they line up within three tefachim of the schach. Mishna Brurah 630:43 and Chazon Ovadia p. 12 write that this is based on the concept of gud asik, that is, we view the walls as extending upward. | *Shulchan Aruch O.C. 630:9 teaches based on the Gemara (Sukkah 16a) that the walls don’t have to reach the schach, as long as they line up within three tefachim of the schach. Mishna Brurah 630:43 and Chazon Ovadia p. 12 write that this is based on the concept of gud asik, that is, we view the walls as extending upward. | ||
*The Gemara (Sukkah 6b) mentions that gud asik is a halacha limoshe misinai. The main discussion of it is in the Gemara (Sukkah 4b), where the gemara records a dispute as to whether one can build a sukkah without walls on the top of a flat roof. Rambam (Hilchot Sukkah 4:11) rules like R’ Yaakov who holds that if the schach is aligned with the walls of the house, the sukkah is valid because we view it as if the walls of the building extend upward. If the schach is not aligned with the walls of the house, the sukkah is invalid. Rosh (Sukkah 1:6) disagrees and rules like the Chachamim that in either case the sukkah built without walls on a roof is invalid. Shulchan Aruch 630:6 quotes both opinions, but Mishna Brurah 630:30 is machmir for the Rosh. | *The Gemara (Sukkah 6b) mentions that gud asik is a halacha limoshe misinai. The main discussion of it is in the Gemara (Sukkah 4b), where the gemara records a dispute as to whether one can build a sukkah without walls on the top of a flat roof. Rambam (Hilchot Sukkah 4:11) rules like R’ Yaakov who holds that if the schach is aligned with the walls of the house, the sukkah is valid because we view it as if the walls of the building extend upward. If the schach is not aligned with the walls of the house, the sukkah is invalid. Rosh (Sukkah 1:6) disagrees and rules like the Chachamim that in either case the sukkah built without walls on a roof is invalid. Shulchan Aruch 630:6 quotes both opinions, but Mishna Brurah 630:30 is machmir for the Rosh. | ||
*So if we do not accept the application of gud asik to sukkah in that case, then why is a sukkah valid even if the walls do not reach the schach? The Steipler (Kehilot Yaakov Siman 4) suggests that perhaps there is no requirement for the walls of the sukkah to reach the schach. Rav Nissim Karelitz (Chut Shani Sukkot p. 228) explains that even though the Mishna Brurah was machmir for the Rosh, that was where the sukkah itself had no walls and we wanted to extend the walls of the building beyond the roof. However, in this case, the sukkah itself has defined walls and we are extending those. | *So if we do not accept the application of gud asik to sukkah in that case, then why is a sukkah valid even if the walls do not reach the schach? The Steipler (Kehilot Yaakov Siman 4) suggests that perhaps there is no requirement for the walls of the sukkah to reach the schach. Rav Nissim Karelitz (Chut Shani Sukkot p. 228) explains that even though the Mishna Brurah was machmir for the Rosh, that was where the sukkah itself had no walls and we wanted to extend the walls of the building beyond the roof. However, in this case, the sukkah itself has defined walls and we are extending those. | ||
*Rabbi Akiva Eiger (responsa 12) questions the psak of the Shulchan Aruch based on a Ran (Sukkah 9a) who says that one cannot use lavud with another leniency. Therefore, in this case one cannot extend the walls horizontally using lavud since the walls are not lined up perfectly, and also extend them vertically using gud asik. The answer of the Steipler resolves this issue, as he claims that allowing a ten tefach wall that does not reach the roof is not based on gud asik and therefore, lavud may be used. See also Chazon Ish 77:7 for another resolution of Rabbi Akiva Eiger’s question.</ref> | *Rabbi Akiva Eiger (responsa 12) questions the psak of the Shulchan Aruch based on a Ran (Sukkah 9a) who says that one cannot use lavud with another leniency. Therefore, in this case one cannot extend the walls horizontally using lavud since the walls are not lined up perfectly, and also extend them vertically using gud asik. The answer of the Steipler resolves this issue, as he claims that allowing a ten tefach wall that does not reach the roof is not based on gud asik and therefore, lavud may be used. See also Chazon Ish 77:7 for another resolution of Rabbi Akiva Eiger’s question.</ref> | ||
#There is no maximum width or length but the maximum height is 20 [[Amot]]. If it is higher than 20 Amot it is invalid.<ref>Mishna Sukkah 1:1, Shulchan Aruch 633:1, 634:1 </ref> | #There is no maximum width or length but the maximum height is 20 [[Amot]]. If it is higher than 20 Amot it is invalid.<ref>Mishna Sukkah 1:1, Shulchan Aruch O.C. 633:1, 634:1 </ref> | ||
#Even if a sukkah is very thin such as if it is 7x7 tefachim but is very tall such as if it is 20 Amot or less it is valid.<ref>Tashbetz 1:126 writes that even though according to Rabbi Zeira any sukkah in which one doesn't sit in the shade of the schach but in the shade of the walls it is invalid. He extends the idea of the gemara that if it is 4x4 amot wide and more than 20 amot tall to a sukkah that is 2x2 wide and more than 10 amot tall. In conclusion he rules that we don't follow the opinion of Rabbi Zeira.</ref> | #Even if a sukkah is very thin such as if it is 7x7 tefachim but is very tall such as if it is 20 Amot or less it is valid.<ref>Tashbetz 1:126 writes that even though according to Rabbi Zeira any sukkah in which one doesn't sit in the shade of the schach but in the shade of the walls it is invalid. He extends the idea of the gemara that if it is 4x4 amot wide and more than 20 amot tall to a sukkah that is 2x2 wide and more than 10 amot tall. In conclusion he rules that we don't follow the opinion of Rabbi Zeira.</ref> | ||
#The walls must be built within 3 [[Tefachim]] of the ground.<ref>Shulchan Aruch 630:9, Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach in Halichot Shlomo (7:5, p. 100), Chazon Ovadia Sukkot pg. 12 </ref> | #The walls must be built within 3 [[Tefachim]] of the ground.<ref>Shulchan Aruch 630:9, Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach in Halichot Shlomo (7:5, p. 100), Chazon Ovadia Sukkot pg. 12 </ref> | ||
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[[Image:2 Parallel Walls with 7 Tefach Protrusion.png|right|110px]] | [[Image:2 Parallel Walls with 7 Tefach Protrusion.png|right|110px]] | ||
#If the third wall is a complete wall of 7 tefachim the sukkah is valid even if it is far from the other walls.<ref>Chut Shani (Sukkah p. 225). Chut Shani implies that the only time that Shulchan Aruch O.C. 630:5 requires a tzurat hapetach is when there is a a third wall of a tefach that is completed by a tzurat hapetach. However, if the third wall is 7 tefachim you don't need a tzurat hapetach even if it is more than 10 amot of a break. See Mishna Brurah 630:18 who implies otherwise. </ref> | |||
#If the third wall is a complete wall of 7 tefachim the sukkah is valid even if it far from the other walls.<ref>Chut Shani (Sukkah p. 225) | |||
#If a Sukkah has two walls parallel to each other, it can be made kosher with a third wall that is only slightly more than 4 tefachim and is placed within 3 tefachim of one of the other walls. The Sukkah should have a Tzurat Hapetach (appearance of a door) connecting the 4 tefach wall with the opposite wall.<ref>Gemara Sukkah 7a, Shulchan Aruch O.C. 630:3. Mishna Brurah 630:15 quotes the Magen Avraham who wasn't sure if this case is effective unless it is a small Sukkah of 7 tefachim by 7 tefachim and there is no gap between the 4 tefach wall and the other parallel wall. However, he concludes that most disagree with the Magen Avraham and validate this Sukkah. Kaf HaChayim on Shulchan Arukh Orach Chayim 630:29:1 and Hilchot Chag Bchag (Sukkah 5:9 p. 119) are lenient. </ref> | #If a Sukkah has two walls parallel to each other, it can be made kosher with a third wall that is only slightly more than 4 tefachim and is placed within 3 tefachim of one of the other walls. The Sukkah should have a Tzurat Hapetach (appearance of a door) connecting the 4 tefach wall with the opposite wall.<ref>Gemara Sukkah 7a, Shulchan Aruch O.C. 630:3. Mishna Brurah 630:15 quotes the Magen Avraham who wasn't sure if this case is effective unless it is a small Sukkah of 7 tefachim by 7 tefachim and there is no gap between the 4 tefach wall and the other parallel wall. However, he concludes that most disagree with the Magen Avraham and validate this Sukkah. Kaf HaChayim on Shulchan Arukh Orach Chayim 630:29:1 and Hilchot Chag Bchag (Sukkah 5:9 p. 119) are lenient. </ref> | ||
#If the Sukkah has two parallel walls and a 7 tefachim or more protrusion from one side then it is valid without any Tzurat Hapetach. If there is a gap of more than 10 amot there should be a tzurat hapetach connecting the 7 tefach wall with the opposite wall.<ref>Rama O.C. 630:3, Mishna Brurah 630:18, Hilchot Chag Bchag (Sukkah 5:9 p. 119)</ref> | #If the Sukkah has two parallel walls and a 7 tefachim or more protrusion from one side then it is valid without any Tzurat Hapetach. If there is a gap of more than 10 amot there should be a tzurat hapetach connecting the 7 tefach wall with the opposite wall.<ref>Rama O.C. 630:3, Mishna Brurah 630:18, Hilchot Chag Bchag (Sukkah 5:9 p. 119)</ref> | ||
#If a Sukkah has 2 walls and a third wall of 4 tefachim that needs to be completed with a tzurat hapetach, it is acceptable even if the doorframe has something in the way blocking access to actually walking through the doorframe. An example of this is with a porch that has a lintel as the doorframe connecting the 4 tefach wall to another wall and beneath the doorframe is a banister.<ref>Chut Shani p. 225 explains based on Chazon Ish Eruvin 70:19 that a doorframe is valid even if it isn't accessible to be used as a door because the space beneath it is cluttered since it is accessible on the other side. Even though one couldn't actually go through the door but it is seen as a door since on the inside it stands as a door.</ref> (This is assuming that the banister is not the dimensions of a wall itself.) | |||
[[Image:Porch_with_Tzurat_Hapetach.png|right|150px]] | |||
===Completely Lavud=== | ===Completely Lavud=== | ||
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*Chut Shani Sukkot p. 229 adds that even according to the Magen Avraham a wall of four tefachim can be joined to two L shaped walls with lavud even if there isn't four walls. Creating a wall with lavud is impermissible, but attaching walls can have lavud.</ref> | *Chut Shani Sukkot p. 229 adds that even according to the Magen Avraham a wall of four tefachim can be joined to two L shaped walls with lavud even if there isn't four walls. Creating a wall with lavud is impermissible, but attaching walls can have lavud.</ref> | ||
#If the walls have lavud in both the horizontal and vertical direction it is permissible even with three walls according to everyone.<ref>Magen Avraham 630:1, Chut Shani Sukkot p. 229</ref> | #If the walls have lavud in both the horizontal and vertical direction it is permissible even with three walls according to everyone.<ref>Magen Avraham 630:1, Chut Shani Sukkot p. 229</ref> | ||
===Schach That Extends Beyond the Walls=== | |||
[[File:S%27chach_Beyond_Sukkah.png|150px|right]] | |||
#If there are 3 walls of 7 tefachim which are all attached and one of the protruding walls is longer than the other, the schach that extends along that longer wall is valid and included in the sukkah.<ref>Shulchan Aruch O.C. 631:7, Mishna Brurah 631:15 </ref> | |||
# Schach that extends beyond the Sukkah walls is not considered a valid Sukkah to eat or sleep there unless that area has the dimensions of a Sukkah, namely, 7x7 tefachim and has three walls.<ref>Sukkah 19a, Shulchan Aruch O.C. 631:6. The only nuance that it is valid once it has the dimensions of a sukkah and has three walls is that the middle wall wasn't built for the outer Sukkah, it was only built for the inner sukkah and nonetheless that is acceptable.</ref> | |||
==Building a Sukkah in the street== | ==Building a Sukkah in the street== | ||
