16,374
edits
Broken Utensils: Difference between revisions
From Halachipedia
→Broken Vessels
| Line 2: | Line 2: | ||
==Broken Vessels== | ==Broken Vessels== | ||
# A broken vessel, whether it broke before [[Shabbat]] or on [[Shabbat]], it’s not considered [[Muktzeh]] if it still has the some purpose such as to cover a vessel. <Ref>Shulchan Aruch O.C. 308:6 writes that a vessel which broke on [[Shabbat]] on [[Shabbat]] is not considered [[Muktzeh]] if it still has the some purpose such as to cover a vessel. Mishna Brurah 308:27 and 32 clarifies that the same is true whether it broke before or on [[Shabbat]]. </ref> | # A broken vessel, whether it broke before [[Shabbat]] or on [[Shabbat]], it’s not considered [[Muktzeh]] if it still has the some purpose such as to cover a vessel. <Ref>Shulchan Aruch O.C. 308:6 writes that a vessel which broke on [[Shabbat]] on [[Shabbat]] is not considered [[Muktzeh]] if it still has the some purpose such as to cover a vessel. Mishna Brurah 308:27 and 32 clarifies that the same is true whether it broke before or on [[Shabbat]]. </ref> | ||
===If It Presents Danger=== | |||
# If a broken vessel is in a place where it could cause danger such as if glass broke on the table or in an area that people walk, it’s permissible to move the pieces to prevent danger. <Ref>Rama 308:6 </ref> | # If a broken vessel is in a place where it could cause danger such as if glass broke on the table or in an area that people walk, it’s permissible to move the pieces to prevent danger. <Ref>Rama 308:6 </ref> | ||
## A needle that was in a place that could injure someone is permissible to be moved. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 308:47 </ref> | ## A needle that was in a place that could injure someone is permissible to be moved. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 308:47 </ref> | ||
===Broken Doors=== | |||
# The door of a vessel which broke off the vessel isn’t [[Muktzeh]] whether it broke before Shabbat or on Shabbat<Ref>Shulchan Aruch O.C. 308:8 </ref> even if it isn't useful for anything.<ref>Mishna Brurah 308:35. | # The door of a vessel which broke off the vessel isn’t [[Muktzeh]] whether it broke before Shabbat or on Shabbat<Ref>Shulchan Aruch O.C. 308:8 </ref> even if it isn't useful for anything.<ref>Mishna Brurah 308:35. | ||
* Why are doors of kelim that break off not muktzeh? Tosfot 122b s.v. adaraba explains that it useful to be reused when reattached. Ran 122b s.v. adaraba agrees. Mishna Brurah 308:35 codifies this. However, Shitah Lner 122b s.v. vaf and Meiri 122b s.v. amar imply otherwise; it isn’t muktzeh since it is currently useful for its original purpose of covering utensils. Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata ch. 15 fnt. 235 quotes Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach that we should be strict for the Meiri, Ri Mlunil and Ran.</ref> | * Why are doors of kelim that break off not muktzeh? Tosfot 122b s.v. adaraba explains that it useful to be reused when reattached. Ran 122b s.v. adaraba agrees. Mishna Brurah 308:35 codifies this. However, Shitah Lner 122b s.v. vaf and Meiri 122b s.v. amar imply otherwise; it isn’t muktzeh since it is currently useful for its original purpose of covering utensils. Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata ch. 15 fnt. 235 quotes Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach that we should be strict for the Meiri, Ri Mlunil and Ran.</ref> | ||
| Line 11: | Line 11: | ||
* Are doors of houses considered kelim? Rashi Shabbat 122b s.v. vaf explained that it isn’t a kli. Meiri 122b s.v. amar and Ritva 122b s.v. veynam agree. Rambam Shabbat 25:6 writes that it is a kli but still muktzeh since it isn’t prepared to be moved. Mishna Brurah 308:42 echoes the Rambam. | * Are doors of houses considered kelim? Rashi Shabbat 122b s.v. vaf explained that it isn’t a kli. Meiri 122b s.v. amar and Ritva 122b s.v. veynam agree. Rambam Shabbat 25:6 writes that it is a kli but still muktzeh since it isn’t prepared to be moved. Mishna Brurah 308:42 echoes the Rambam. | ||
* Biur Halacha 308:10 s.v. ein explains that according to the Rambam a door is a kli but it is muktzeh since it isn't meant to be used. However, Rashi who explains that it isn't a kli if this door was fashioned to be a kli in advance then if it fell off it wouldn't be muktzeh. Chazon Ish 46:4 argues that there’s no difference between Rashi and Rambam, both hold it isn’t a kli since it isn't designated to be moved. They would both be strict on a door that fell off even if it was fashioned. See Rabbi Akiva Eiger on Magen Avraham 308:19 who also seems to understand the Rambam that it isn’t really a kli.</ref> | * Biur Halacha 308:10 s.v. ein explains that according to the Rambam a door is a kli but it is muktzeh since it isn't meant to be used. However, Rashi who explains that it isn't a kli if this door was fashioned to be a kli in advance then if it fell off it wouldn't be muktzeh. Chazon Ish 46:4 argues that there’s no difference between Rashi and Rambam, both hold it isn’t a kli since it isn't designated to be moved. They would both be strict on a door that fell off even if it was fashioned. See Rabbi Akiva Eiger on Magen Avraham 308:19 who also seems to understand the Rambam that it isn’t really a kli.</ref> | ||
# A broken needle that lost it’s point (or it’s hole) is [[Muktzeh Machmat Gufo]] | ===Needle=== | ||
# Clothing that ripped isn’t [[Muktzeh]] if the pieces are larger than 3 [[Tefachim]] by 3 [[Tefachim]]. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 308:52 </ref> | # A broken needle that lost it’s point (or it’s hole) is [[Muktzeh Machmat Gufo]].<ref> Shulchan Aruch 308:11 </ref> | ||
===Clothing=== | |||
# Clothing that ripped isn’t [[Muktzeh]] if the pieces are larger than 3 [[Tefachim]] by 3 [[Tefachim]].<Ref>Mishna Brurah 308:52 </ref> | |||
# A poor person who has a piece of ripped clothing that is larger than 3 [[Etzbaot]] by 3 [[Etzbaot]] it isn't muktzeh.<ref>The Raavad (cited by Ritva 125a s.v. vha damar) holds that any small piece of cloth can be used to clean your hands from dirt and as such isn't muktzeh. However, the Rashba disagrees. Shulchan Aruch O.C. 318:13 sides with the Rashba.</ref> | |||
===Nowadays=== | |||
# Some say that nowadays since most people throw out a broken vessel once it breaks it’s considered [[Muktzeh]] unless it’s a vessel which wouldn’t be thrown out by people, while others are of the opinion that if it has a function to cover a vessel normally (or another permissible purpose) then even if one practically one use it for that purpose it’s considered a vessel and non-[[Muktzeh]]. <Ref>See [[Broken Kelim Nowadays]]. Shulchan Aruch Harav 308:29 implies the stringent approach but Rav Sheinberg (Shalmei Yehuda p. 261) argues that all that is necessary is that theoretically it is usable. </ref> | # Some say that nowadays since most people throw out a broken vessel once it breaks it’s considered [[Muktzeh]] unless it’s a vessel which wouldn’t be thrown out by people, while others are of the opinion that if it has a function to cover a vessel normally (or another permissible purpose) then even if one practically one use it for that purpose it’s considered a vessel and non-[[Muktzeh]]. <Ref>See [[Broken Kelim Nowadays]]. Shulchan Aruch Harav 308:29 implies the stringent approach but Rav Sheinberg (Shalmei Yehuda p. 261) argues that all that is necessary is that theoretically it is usable. </ref> | ||
===Mat=== | |||
# A broken mat isn't muktzeh since it can be used to cover dirt unless you threw it out before Shabbat.<ref>Gemara Shabbat 125a, Shulchan Aruch O.C. 308:12</ref> | |||
===Throwing It in the Garbage=== | |||
# If a vessel broke before [[Shabbat]] and one threw it in the garbage before [[Shabbat]], it’s considered [[Muktzeh Machmat Gufo]].<Ref>Gemara Shabbat 125a, Shulchan Aruch 308:7. Rashi explains that by throwing it in the garbage makes it not a kli. </ref> However if one threw out a vessel on [[Shabbat]] it doesn’t become [[Muktzeh]].<Ref>Gemara Shabbat 124b, Mishna Brurah 308:32. The Shitah LRan Shabbat 124b s.v. im explains that once it is a kli before Shabbat it retains that status throughout Shabbat even if thrown out. That is also seen in the Ritva Shabbat 124b s.v. matkif. </ref> | |||
# If one threw out a perfectly good vessel even before Shabbat it is not considered [[Muktzeh]].<Ref>Tosfot 125a s.v. im, Ritva 124b s.v. matkif, Mishna Brurah 308:51. Biur Halacha 308:7 s.v. vim zarka explains that it is because his designation is nullified by most people (''batel dato etzel kol adam''). </ref> | |||
==Broken vessels nowadays== | ==Broken vessels nowadays== | ||
