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Brit Milah: Difference between revisions
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==The Night Before== | ==The Night Before== | ||
===Berit Yitzchak=== | ===Berit Yitzchak=== | ||
# In sephardic communities, it is customary on the night before a Berit Mila to assemble ten men in the home, as well as Torah scholars, to read special passages from the Zohar, in order to give the baby protection.<ref>Yalkut Yosef Sova Semachot Vol. 2 pg. 5, Rav Mordechai Eliyahu's comment on Shulchan Aruch Kitzur 163:8, [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/displayRead.asp?readID=2334 Rabbi Eli Mansour]</ref> During this event the | # In sephardic communities, it is customary on the night before a Berit Mila to assemble ten men in the home, as well as Torah scholars, to read special passages from the Zohar, in order to give the baby protection.<ref>Yalkut Yosef Sova Semachot Vol. 2 pg. 5, Rav Mordechai Eliyahu's comment on Shulchan Aruch Kitzur 163:8, [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/displayRead.asp?readID=2334 Rabbi Eli Mansour]</ref> There is value to reading Zohar even if one doesn't understand it.<ref>Chaim Shaal 1:75:2, Yabia Omer 1:26:10</ref> | ||
# During this event, the mother should come to the side room and recite Birkat Ha’gomel.<ref> Yalkut Yosef Sova Semachot Vol. 2 pg. 10, [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/displayRead.asp?readID=2334 Rabbi Eli Mansour]</ref> | |||
# One does not need to eat bread at the meal for the night of the bris, and if one chooses to do so it would not qualify as a seudat mitzva, and thus would not allow for eating meat during the nine days. <ref> Yalkut Yosef Sova Semachot Vol. 2 pg. 8</ref> | # One does not need to eat bread at the meal for the night of the bris, and if one chooses to do so it would not qualify as a seudat mitzva, and thus would not allow for eating meat during the nine days. <ref> Yalkut Yosef Sova Semachot Vol. 2 pg. 8</ref> | ||
# If the bris is pushed off past the 8th day, one should do the learning the night before the bris instead of on the 8th night.<ref>Yalkut Yosef Sova Semachot Vol. 2 pg. 11</ref> | # If the bris is pushed off past the 8th day, one should do the learning the night before the bris instead of on the 8th night.<ref>Yalkut Yosef Sova Semachot Vol. 2 pg. 11</ref> | ||
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# Ideally the meal should have meat but one fulfills the minhag even with chicken or fish.<ref>Yalkut Yosef Sova Semachot 2:11:3 based on Taamei Haminhagim writes that the meal should have meat initially but if that's not possible it could have chicken or fish. Rabbenu Bechay Beresheet 21:8 writes that the minhag to have a seuda after a Brit Milah is based on the party Avraham made for Yitzchak and the midrash writes that the party was for fact he was able to give Yitzchak a Milah. </ref> | # Ideally the meal should have meat but one fulfills the minhag even with chicken or fish.<ref>Yalkut Yosef Sova Semachot 2:11:3 based on Taamei Haminhagim writes that the meal should have meat initially but if that's not possible it could have chicken or fish. Rabbenu Bechay Beresheet 21:8 writes that the minhag to have a seuda after a Brit Milah is based on the party Avraham made for Yitzchak and the midrash writes that the party was for fact he was able to give Yitzchak a Milah. </ref> | ||
# The meal should be a bread meal.<ref>Yalkut Yosef Sova Semachot 2:11:3</ref> | # The meal should be a bread meal.<ref>Yalkut Yosef Sova Semachot 2:11:3</ref> | ||
# The minhag is to have a minyan for the seudah of a brit milah.<Ref>Rama Y.D. 265:12, Yalkut Yosef Sova Semachot 2:11:2</ref> If one didn't have a minyan the seudah is still valid.<ref>Otzar Habrit 3:17:4 p. 239 writes that even if there wasn’t a minyan present at the seudat brit milah the seuda is still a seuda and the minyan isn’t the halacha but a minhag. Bechorat Habrit 265:66 says ten is enough but it isn't critical. See also Maharam Shik YD 386.</ref> | |||
==A Delayed Milah== | ==A Delayed Milah== | ||
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* However, the Sh”t Tzitz Eliezer 12:43 rejects the Chida because he points out that the Tashbetz himself wasn’t sure whether to hold like Rebbe that one must stipulate or Rabben Shimon and one wouldn’t have to stipulate and only as a stringency did the Tashbetz hold like Rebbe. The Tzitz Eliezer concludes that it’s illogical that the Tashbetz would have postponed the Milah from Thursday just because of a stringency of holding like Rebbe. [See further in the Birkei Yosef who gives a second defense of the Rashbetz and Tzitz Eliezer who rejects it as well.] </ref> | * However, the Sh”t Tzitz Eliezer 12:43 rejects the Chida because he points out that the Tashbetz himself wasn’t sure whether to hold like Rebbe that one must stipulate or Rabben Shimon and one wouldn’t have to stipulate and only as a stringency did the Tashbetz hold like Rebbe. The Tzitz Eliezer concludes that it’s illogical that the Tashbetz would have postponed the Milah from Thursday just because of a stringency of holding like Rebbe. [See further in the Birkei Yosef who gives a second defense of the Rashbetz and Tzitz Eliezer who rejects it as well.] </ref> | ||
# Everyone agrees that if a baby boy is born during the [[Bein HaShemashot]] (halachic twilight) on Wednesday can have the Brit Milah on Thursday next week. <Ref>Menuchat Ahava (vol 1, 1:7) and Sh”t Yabia Omer YD 5:23(4) explain that since the Brit Milah’s original time was set for Thursday because of a doubt it’s not considered like it was delayed specifically for that time. </ref> | # Everyone agrees that if a baby boy is born during the [[Bein HaShemashot]] (halachic twilight) on Wednesday can have the Brit Milah on Thursday next week. <Ref>Menuchat Ahava (vol 1, 1:7) and Sh”t Yabia Omer YD 5:23(4) explain that since the Brit Milah’s original time was set for Thursday because of a doubt it’s not considered like it was delayed specifically for that time. </ref> | ||
==Milah On Shabbat== | |||
# Sephardim hold that when there is a milah on Shabbat they shouldn’t have one mohel do the milah and another do the priyah.<ref>Shulchan Aruch YD 267:12.</ref> There is a dispute if it is true for Yom Tov as well.<ref>Otzer Brit v. 2 p. 379 writes Yam Shel Shlomo Yevamot 8:3 is machmir even on Yom Tov but we don't follow it (Petach Habayit). Or Yisrael p. 308 n. 42 writes it is asur even on yom tov. Yalkut Yosef Shabbat v. 4 p. 326 331:14 we hold that you shouldn't have two mohalim. It is clear from the footnote that it applies also to yom tov.</ref> | |||
# A father can do a brit on Shabbat even if he could have someone else do it.<Ref>Shulchan Aruch OC 338</ref> | |||
# Regarding putting away the milah knife after the milah see [[General_laws_of_Muktzeh#Muktzeh_that.E2.80.99s_in_already_in_one.E2.80.99s_hands]]. | |||
==Procedure of Milah== | ==Procedure of Milah== | ||
# There are two parts to every Milah, the milah and the priyah. Milah entails cutting the Orlah skin which covers the Atarah and priyah entails peeling back the thin membrane beneath that skin until the Atarah is uncovered. <ref>The Mishna (Shabbat 133a) outlines the 3 stages of milah including milah, priyah, and metsisah. For a discussion of metsisah see further. Rashi s.v. mohalin refers to cutting the orlah skin. Rambam (Milah 2:2) elaborates that the orlah skin is the skin that covers the Atarah. Rashi s.v. veporin writes that priyah is peeling back the membrane covering the tip of the gid. Rambam (Milah 2:2) elaborates the priyah is the membrane underneath the orlah skin. </ref> | # There are two parts to every Milah, the milah and the priyah. Milah entails cutting the Orlah skin which covers the Atarah and priyah entails peeling back the thin membrane beneath that skin until the Atarah is uncovered. <ref>The Mishna (Shabbat 133a) outlines the 3 stages of milah including milah, priyah, and metsisah. For a discussion of metsisah see further. Rashi s.v. mohalin refers to cutting the orlah skin. Rambam (Milah 2:2) elaborates that the orlah skin is the skin that covers the Atarah. Rashi s.v. veporin writes that priyah is peeling back the membrane covering the tip of the gid. Rambam (Milah 2:2) elaborates the priyah is the membrane underneath the orlah skin. </ref> | ||
# The last stage of milah is metsisah. There is a great controversy whether this is considered a ritual part of the milah procedure or simply a medical practice of the days of the gemara and wouldn't be necessary today. <ref> The Mishna (Shabbat 133a) writes that metsisah is the last stage of milah. The gemara (133b) comments that the reason that is practiced on Shabbat is because if it isn't done there is a critical danger to the baby's life. The Rambam (Milah 2:2) echoes this and says that metsisah is for medical reasons. The Tiferet Yisrael (Boaz Shabbat 19:1) writes that the entire purpose of metsisah is medical and if nowadays it causes a medical danger it doesn't need to be done. See also the Maharam Shik (OC 152) takes the position that there is no danger with metsisah. However, the [http://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=1095&pgnum=264 Mishkenot Yacov (YD 63)] writes that drawing blood (hatafat dam) is an integral part of the ritual milah. He proves this from the Zohar and Rashi (Shabbat 134a s.v. lekarchei).</ref> There is a further discussion if metsisah should be done with one's mouth or a utensil. <ref>Har Tzvi (YD 214) writes that since there are dangers with doing metsisah with one's mouth, one may do it with a utensil.</ref> Because of the danger involved, many poskim hold that one should not and may not do metsisah with one's mouth.<ref>Rav Hershel Schachter in a shiur on [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/798611/Rabbi_Hershel_Schachter/Hilchos_Shabbos_3_-_Choleh_BeShabbos_&_Kiddush# yutorah.org ("Hilchos Shabbos 3" min 27-30)] said that there is a real danger to the life of the baby with doing metsisah with one's mouth and it is foolish to continue doing it today. A number of poskim are quoted in an article by David Shabtai and Raymond Sultan entitled Medical Risk Taking in Halacha in 'Journal of Halacha and Contemporary Society, 2006. See also the Binyan Tzion 23 who writes that a mohel who does metsisah must be certain that he is not infected with herpes and cause the baby to become infected. Yalkut Yosef Sova Semachot v. 2 ch. 6 fnt. 1 writes that one may use metzitza bkli such as with a tube if there's a concern of danger, otherwise it is done with one's mouth as the Sdei Chemed (Kuntres Metzitza) writes. | # The last stage of milah is metsisah. There is a great controversy whether this is considered a ritual part of the milah procedure or simply a medical practice of the days of the gemara and wouldn't be necessary today. <ref> The Mishna (Shabbat 133a) writes that metsisah is the last stage of milah. The gemara (133b) comments that the reason that is practiced on Shabbat is because if it isn't done there is a critical danger to the baby's life. The Rambam (Milah 2:2) echoes this and says that metsisah is for medical reasons. The Tiferet Yisrael (Boaz Shabbat 19:1) writes that the entire purpose of metsisah is medical and if nowadays it causes a medical danger it doesn't need to be done. See also the Maharam Shik (OC 152) takes the position that there is no danger with metsisah. However, the [http://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=1095&pgnum=264 Mishkenot Yacov (YD 63)] writes that drawing blood (hatafat dam) is an integral part of the ritual milah. He proves this from the Zohar and Rashi (Shabbat 134a s.v. lekarchei).</ref> There is a further discussion if metsisah should be done with one's mouth or a utensil. <ref>Har Tzvi (YD 214) writes that since there are dangers with doing metsisah with one's mouth, one may do it with a utensil.</ref> Because of the danger involved, many poskim hold that one should not and may not do metsisah with one's mouth.<ref>Rav Hershel Schachter in a shiur on [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/798611/Rabbi_Hershel_Schachter/Hilchos_Shabbos_3_-_Choleh_BeShabbos_&_Kiddush# yutorah.org ("Hilchos Shabbos 3" min 27-30)] said that there is a real danger to the life of the baby with doing metsisah with one's mouth and it is foolish to continue doing it today. A number of poskim are quoted in an article by David Shabtai and Raymond Sultan entitled Medical Risk Taking in Halacha in 'Journal of Halacha and Contemporary Society, 2006. See also the Binyan Tzion 23 who writes that a mohel who does metsisah must be certain that he is not infected with herpes and cause the baby to become infected. Yalkut Yosef Sova Semachot v. 2 ch. 6 fnt. 1 writes that one may use metzitza bkli such as with a tube if there's a concern of danger, otherwise it is done with one's mouth as the Sdei Chemed (Kuntres Metzitza) writes. | ||
* With respect to the general question of relying on doctors to ascertain that there's no danger see Rav Kook's teshuva about metzitza in Daat Kohen YD 140 who argues that we can never rely on doctors to make such a claim. Yabia Omer OC 7:53 likes this idea.</ref> | * With respect to the general question of relying on doctors to ascertain that there's no danger see Rav Kook's teshuva about metzitza in Daat Kohen YD 140 who argues that we can never rely on doctors to make such a claim. Yabia Omer OC 7:53 likes this idea.</ref> | ||
# It is permitted to wear gloves for brit milah.<ref>[https://www.torahmusings.com/2013/09/must-a-mohel-wear-gloves/ Rabbi Aryeh Lebowitz on torahmusings.com] citing Rav Schachter and Rav Zilberstein Pesachim 57</ref> | |||
==Related Pages== | ==Related Pages== | ||
