Brachot on Food One Eats Before a Meal: Difference between revisions
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If one eats before a meal in a number of cases one is exempt from making a [[Bracha Achrona]] because it is exempted by the [[Birkat HaMazon]] after the meal. In other cases, though, the foods are not exempted and require a [[Bracha Achrona]] as usual. Lastly, in the cases where there is a dispute as regards to the halacha, one should be strict to avoid that situation. See further for details. | If one eats before a meal in a number of cases one is exempt from making a [[Bracha Achrona]] because it is exempted by the [[Birkat HaMazon]] after the meal. In other cases, though, the foods are not exempted and require a [[Bracha Achrona]] as usual. Lastly, in the cases where there is a dispute as regards to the halacha, one should be strict to avoid that situation. See further for details. | ||
==Long Before the Meal== | |||
#If one eat a snack long before the meal and without intention about the meal, then he should recite a bracha achrona when finishing the snack (even if it is wine or pat haba bkisnin). However, if you knew that you were going to have a meal even if it wasn't for another 15 or 30 minutes still you should not a bracha achrona (depending on the rules below) when finishing the snack since you knew that you were going to have the meal.<ref>Yalkut Yosef 177:11 writes that if it is more than 30 minutes before the meal and it isn't in one's mind or the meal will be in another place one should recite a bracha achrona. Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach (Teshuvot at the end of Veten Bracha to Siman 176) agreed that if it is another 15-30 minutes to the meal and one has it in mind one should not recite a bracha achrona on the snack before the meal.</reF> | |||
#If you didn't think that you were going to have a meal soon and then changed your mind and are going to have a meal you should still recite a bracha achrona since you didn't think that you were going to have a meal.<ref>Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach (Teshuvot at the end of Veten Bracha to Siman 176) explains that since one didn't think that one was having a meal soon one should recite a bracha achrona even if one ends up having a meal very soon. His example is that a person who went to a reception for a Bar Mitzvah and had a snack without intending on staying for the meal. He should recite a bracha achrona even if he changed his mind to stay for the meal.</ref> | |||
==Exempting Other Foods== | ==Exempting Other Foods== | ||
# If someone is eating foods before a meal and the same food in the meal he should have in mind that the food before the meal is going to exempt the food during the meal. Consequently, the food before the meal is connected to the meal and birkat hamazon will cover it, therefore it doesn't need a bracha achrona.<ref>Mishna Brurah 176:2:1, Vezot Habracha (p. 80). Igrot Moshe 3:33 elaborates that the food before the meal exempts the food in the meal even though one actually intended to eat that food and enjoy it as long as one also had intent to exempt the food in the meal since it is then connected to the meal. See Talk page that in fact this ruling of the Mishna Brurah follows the Tosfot, Rosh, Baal Hameor, Shulchan Aruch, and Magen Avraham, but the Ramban holds that a bracha achrona should be made even if the food would have exempted foods in the meal.</ref> | # If someone is eating foods before a meal and the same food in the meal he should have in mind that the food before the meal is going to exempt the food during the meal. Consequently, the food before the meal is connected to the meal and birkat hamazon will cover it, therefore it doesn't need a bracha achrona.<ref>Mishna Brurah 176:2:1, Vezot Habracha (p. 80). Igrot Moshe 3:33 elaborates that the food before the meal exempts the food in the meal even though one actually intended to eat that food and enjoy it as long as one also had intent to exempt the food in the meal since it is then connected to the meal. See Talk page that in fact this ruling of the Mishna Brurah follows the Tosfot, Rosh, Baal Hameor, Shulchan Aruch, and Magen Avraham, but the Ramban holds that a bracha achrona should be made even if the food would have exempted foods in the meal.</ref> | ||
==Whetting Your Appetite== | ==Whetting Your Appetite== | ||
# If someone is eating food before a meal to whet his appetite many poskim hold that the birkat hamazon covers those foods even prior to the meal and as such one should not recite a bracha achrona.<ref>Mishna Brurah 176:2:3</ref> However, since this is a dispute one should avoid eating more than a kezayit before the meal.<ref>Shaar Hatziyun 176:9</ref> Examples of this include wine, liquor, or salty foods before a meal.<ref>Rosh (Pesachim 10:24), Mishna Brurah 176:2:3, Vezot Habracha (p. 81). (As a fun fact, the scientific research corresponds with the halacha about what makes your hungrier. See this [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/01/05/foods-that-make-you-hungry_n_6420332.html Huffingtonpost.com article] or [http://www.health.com/health/gallery/0,,20835574,00.html#reasons-you-re-always-hungry-0 Health.com article]).</ref> | # If someone is eating food before a meal to whet his appetite many poskim hold that the birkat hamazon covers those foods even prior to the meal and as such one should not recite a bracha achrona.<ref>Mishna Brurah 176:2:3</ref> However, since this is a dispute one should avoid eating more than a kezayit before the meal.<ref>Shaar Hatziyun 176:9</ref> Examples of this include wine, liquor, or salty foods before a meal.<ref>Rosh (Pesachim 10:24), Mishna Brurah 176:2:3, Vezot Habracha (p. 81). (As a fun fact, the scientific research corresponds with the halacha about what makes your hungrier. See this [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/01/05/foods-that-make-you-hungry_n_6420332.html Huffingtonpost.com article] or [http://www.health.com/health/gallery/0,,20835574,00.html#reasons-you-re-always-hungry-0 Health.com article]).</ref> | ||
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==Mezonot== | ==Mezonot== | ||
# According to Ashkenazim, if a person ate [[Pat Haba Bekisnin]] such as cake before the meal since birkat hamazon might cover the [[Pat Haba Bekisnin]] no bracha achrona is recited on the cake before the meal.<ref>Mishna Brurah 176:2. Biur Halacha explains that since every definition of Pat Haba Bekisnin is questionable whether it is bread and if it is bread then certainly birkat hamazon covers it, one should not recite a bracha achrona on it before the meal.</ref> Some Ashkenazim argue to make a bracha.<ref>Rav Moshe Feinstein in Igrot Moshe 3:33 writes that cakes nowadays are so filled with a majority of sugar, oil, and sweeteners in comparison to the flour that they are certainly [[Pat Haba Bekisnin]]. If so, there is no question that they aren't bread and birkat hamazon doesn't exempt them. | # According to Ashkenazim, if a person ate [[Pat Haba Bekisnin]] such as cake before the meal since birkat hamazon might cover the [[Pat Haba Bekisnin]] no bracha achrona is recited on the cake before the meal.<ref>Mishna Brurah 176:2. Biur Halacha s.v. berach explains that since every definition of Pat Haba Bekisnin is questionable whether it is bread and if it is bread then certainly birkat hamazon covers it, one should not recite a bracha achrona on it before the meal. Furthermore, Rabbi Akiva Eiger on OC 208:17 holds that birkat hamazon exempts pat haba bkisnin.</ref> Some Ashkenazim argue to make a bracha.<ref>Rav Moshe Feinstein in Igrot Moshe OC 3:33 writes that cakes nowadays are so filled with a majority of sugar, oil, and sweeteners in comparison to the flour that they are certainly [[Pat Haba Bekisnin]]. If so, there is no question that they aren't bread and birkat hamazon doesn't exempt them. Therefore, they deserve their own bracha before the meal.</ref> According to some Sephardim, a bracha achrona is made on [[Pat Haba Bekisnin]] before a meal. If one forgot until after hamotzei he shouldn't recite it anymore.<ref>Kaf HaChayim on Shulchan Arukh, Orach Chayim 174:35:1, Vezot Habracha (p. 83) quoting Rav Mordechai Eliyahu</ref> | ||
# On non-[[Pat Haba Bekisnin]] mezonot such as cooked mezonot one should recite a bracha achrona on that food before the meal<ref>Mishna Brurah 176:2 citing the Graz explains that the mezonot before a meal needs a bracha achrona since it isn't connected to the meal. In the Shaar Hatziyun he explains further that even though the achronim (Pri Chadash, Gra, and Even Haozer on 208:17) hold that birkat hamazon exempts mezonot, that is only after the fact. Therefore, it is better to recite the bracha achrona on the mezonot before the meal.</ref> unless one is going to eat that same food in the meal.<ref>Mishna Brurah 176:2 as we find in Shulchan Aruch O.C. 176:1 and 174:6 that having a food exempt foods in the meal exempts it from a bracha achrona before the meal. This is evident in Mishna Brachot 42a.</ref> | |||
# On non-[[Pat Haba Bekisnin]] mezonot such as cooked mezonot one should recite a bracha achrona on that food before the meal unless one is going to eat that same food in the meal.<ref>Mishna Brurah 176:2</ref> | |||
==Wine== | ==Wine== | ||
# If someone makes [[kiddush]] it certainly does not require a [[bracha achrona]] as it is exempted by the [[Birkat Hamazon]] either because of it is halachically linked to the meal or because it whets one's appetite.<ref>Mishna Brurah 272:35</ref> | # If someone makes [[kiddush]] it certainly does not require a [[bracha achrona]] as it is exempted by the [[Birkat Hamazon]] either because of it is halachically linked to the meal or because it whets one's appetite.<ref>Rosh Pesachim 10:24, Shulchan Aruch O.C. 174:6, Mishna Brurah 272:35. See also Tosfot Pesachim 103 s.v. ana.</ref> | ||
# If someone makes [[havdalah]] over wine before [[melava malka]] and is going to drink more wine during the meal he doesn't need to make a bracha achrona.<ref>Shulchan Aruch Orach Chaim 174:4</ref> If someone isn't going to drink more wine during the meal he should recite a bracha achrona.<reF>Shulchan Aruch Orach Chaim 299:8</ref> | # If someone makes [[havdalah]] over wine before [[melava malka]] and is going to drink more wine during the meal he doesn't need to make a bracha achrona.<ref>Shulchan Aruch Orach Chaim 174:4</ref> If someone isn't going to drink more wine during the meal he should recite a bracha achrona.<reF>Shulchan Aruch Orach Chaim 299:8</ref> | ||
# If a person drinks wine before a meal one should not make an [[Al Hagefen]] afterwards because [[Birkat Hamazon]] might exempt it. Since it is a dispute it is proper to avoid this situation by either by drinking a melo lugmav (cheekful) and not a [[reviyit]], having intent when saying [[Birkat HaMazon]] that it should cover the wine, or have intent that one's Hagefen upon the wine before the meal should exempt the wine that one drinks in the middle of the middle as long as one does have wine in middle of the meal.<Ref>Vezot HaBracha (chap 9, p. 84) writes that because drinking wine before a meal involves a dispute one shouldn't make a bracha achrona. However, he quotes three pieces of advise from the poskim to avoid this situation. The first is to drink less than a [[reviyit]] in order not to become obligated in a bracha achrona. The next is to have in mind when making the [[Birkat HaMazon]] that it should exempt the wine one drank before the meal. Lastly, he advises that if one will drink wine in the middle of the meal that one has intent that the hagefen before the meal will exempt the wine in the meal. </ref> | # If a person drinks wine before a meal one should not make an [[Al Hagefen]] afterwards because [[Birkat Hamazon]] might exempt it. Since it is a dispute it is proper to avoid this situation by either by drinking a melo lugmav (cheekful) and not a [[reviyit]], having intent when saying [[Birkat HaMazon]] that it should cover the wine, or have intent that one's Hagefen upon the wine before the meal should exempt the wine that one drinks in the middle of the middle as long as one does have wine in middle of the meal.<Ref>Shulchan Aruch O.C. 174:6 based on Tosfot and Rosh rules that wine before a meal is exempt from a bracha achrona. Vezot HaBracha (chap 9, p. 84) writes that because drinking wine before a meal involves a dispute one shouldn't make a bracha achrona. However, he quotes three pieces of advise from the poskim to avoid this situation. The first is to drink less than a [[reviyit]] in order not to become obligated in a bracha achrona. The next is to have in mind when making the [[Birkat HaMazon]] that it should exempt the wine one drank before the meal. Lastly, he advises that if one will drink wine in the middle of the meal that one has intent that the hagefen before the meal will exempt the wine in the meal. </ref> | ||
# Regarding [[Kiddush]], according to Ashkenazim it's preferable to drink a Melo Lugmav and not a [[Reviyit]].<ref>Beiur Halacha 174:6 s.v. Vechen, Vezot HaBracha (chap 8, p 84)</ref> According to Sephardim, it's preferable to drink a [[Reviyit]] and have intent that the [[Birkat HaMazon]] should exempt the wine.<ref>Or Letzion (vol 2, 20:22)</ref> | # Regarding [[Kiddush]], according to Ashkenazim it's preferable to drink a Melo Lugmav and not a [[Reviyit]].<ref>Beiur Halacha 174:6 s.v. Vechen, Vezot HaBracha (chap 8, p 84)</ref> According to Sephardim, it's preferable to drink a [[Reviyit]] and have intent that the [[Birkat HaMazon]] should exempt the wine.<ref>Or Letzion (vol 2, 20:22)</ref> | ||
==Sephardim== | |||
# Sephardim hold that one should avoid having a kezayit of a snack before a meal. After the fact, one should not recite a bracha achrona for any food as long as one intended on having the meal soon.<ref>Yalkut Yosef 177:11, Halacha Brurah 176:1, Halichot Olam (Naso v. 2 pp. 27-9)</ref> | |||
==Sources== | ==Sources== | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
[[Category:Brachot]] | [[Category:Brachot]] | ||
