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Borer: Difference between revisions
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# For example, if almonds and walnuts are mixed, and one only intends to eat the almonds, one may take the almonds from the mixture but not the walnuts. <Ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:3 </ref> | # For example, if almonds and walnuts are mixed, and one only intends to eat the almonds, one may take the almonds from the mixture but not the walnuts. <Ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:3 </ref> | ||
===Separating two foods to be used for later=== | ===Separating two foods to be used for later=== | ||
# If there’s two foods (meaning both are desired for use) there’s a dispute whether one is allowed to separate for later use. <Ref> The Pri Megadim (M”Z 319:2) writes that there’s a logic to permit separating two foods if one will eat both but just after some time since in this case there’s no food being taken from refuse, and concludes with a Tzarich Iyun. However, the Mishna Brurah (319:12, Biur Halacha 319:3 D”H Hayu) argue that it’s a definite violation of Borer to separate the two foods. Or Letzion (vol 2 chap 31 note 4), Menuchat Ahava, and Shabbat Kitchen (84) rule like Mishna Brurah. Yalkut Yosef (Shabbat vol 3 pg 279; see Sh”t Yabea Omer 5:31:5) brings two opinions and leaves it as a doubt. Sh”t Maharshag 1:54 also leaves this question in doubt. </ref> | # If there’s two foods (meaning both are desired for use) there’s a dispute whether one is allowed to separate for later use, Ashkenazim should be strict and Sephardim may be lenient. <Ref> The Pri Megadim (M”Z 319:2) writes that there’s a logic to permit separating two foods if one will eat both but just after some time since in this case there’s no food being taken from refuse, and concludes with a Tzarich Iyun. However, the Mishna Brurah (319:12, Biur Halacha 319:3 D”H Hayu) argue that it’s a definite violation of Borer to separate the two foods. Or Letzion (vol 2 chap 31 note 4), Menuchat Ahava, and Shabbat Kitchen (84) rule like Mishna Brurah. Yalkut Yosef (Shabbat vol 3 pg 279; see Sh”t Yabea Omer 5:31:5) brings two opinions and leaves it as a doubt. Sh”t Maharshag 1:54 also leaves this question in doubt. </ref> | ||
==Examples== | # It’s permissible to separate a food that’s not desired now but desired for later in the same meal from another food that’s desired right now. <Ref> Shabbat Kitchen (pg 103), Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:65 </ref> | ||
===Examples== | |||
===Fish or meat bones=== | ===Fish or meat bones=== | ||
# When preparing or eating fish or meat one must be careful not to separate the bones from the meat. One should eat the fish and spit out or remove the bones from one’s mouth after one separated the bones from the meat. If that’s not practical or convenient, one should hold the bone and eat the meat, hold the bone (with one’s knife or hand) and cut away the meat, or to remove each bone and suck it. If none of those are possible, one should remove the bones with a bit of meat attached. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:11,12 </ref> | # When preparing or eating fish or meat one must be careful not to separate the bones from the meat. One should eat the fish and spit out or remove the bones from one’s mouth after one separated the bones from the meat. If that’s not practical or convenient, one should hold the bone and eat the meat, hold the bone (with one’s knife or hand) and cut away the meat, or to remove each bone and suck it. If none of those are possible, one should remove the bones with a bit of meat attached. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:11,12 </ref> | ||
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===Exceptions to the first requirement=== | ===Exceptions to the first requirement=== | ||
# If one has food in one’s mouth one may remove what you want from what you don’t want. <Ref> Igrot Moshe O”C 4:74 Borer 7, | # If one has food in one’s mouth one may remove what you want from what you don’t want. <Ref> Igrot Moshe O”C 4:74 Borer 7, Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:11, and Shabbat Kitchen (pg 103) </ref> | ||
# If a food has a peel that covers it entirely one may remove the part that’s unwanted (peel) from the part that’s desired (fruit). <Ref> S”A 321:19, Biur Halacha 321:19 D”H LeKlof, and Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:29 </ref> | # If a food has a peel that covers it entirely one may remove the part that’s unwanted (peel) from the part that’s desired (fruit). <Ref> S”A 321:19, Biur Halacha 321:19 D”H LeKlof, and Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:29 </ref> | ||
# | # Where it’s immposible to sperate the food from the waste it’s permissible to take out the waste. For example, one who cuts open a cantaloupe may scoop out the seeds and leave the fruit. <Ref>Shabbat Kitchen (pg 103) in name of Rav Sheinburg </ref> | ||
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==Clarification of the third Requirement== | ==Clarification of the third Requirement== | ||
# It is only permitted to separate with intent to eat the food immediately, while it’s forbidden to separate with intent to eat the food after some time even within the same day. <Ref> S”A 319:2 rules that separating food in one’s hand for later in the day is considered like separating to store the food and one violates Borer Deoritta. </ref> | # It is only permitted to separate with intent to eat the food immediately, while it’s forbidden to separate with intent to eat the food after some time even within the same day. <Ref> S”A 319:2 rules that separating food in one’s hand for later in the day is considered like separating to store the food and one violates Borer Deoritta. </ref> | ||
# Separating right before a meal is permissible | # Separating before a meal as long as it takes to prepare for the meal is considered preparing for immediate use. <Ref> Mishna Brurah 319:45 says that the borer must be done right next to the meal. Sh”t Igrot Moshe 4:74 (Borer #13) says that one only has the time it takes to prepare the meal prior to the meal. So writes the Shabbat Kitchen (pg 100). </ref> | ||
# If one separated in order to eat immediately and then changed his mind and decided not to eat, some say that he violated Borer, while others say it’s permissible after the fact, therefore one should avoid such a situation. <Ref> Shaar HaTzion 319:5 quotes the Pri Megadim who says that after the fact the food is permitted if one had in mind to eat it immediately even if one changes his mind afterwards. Yalkut Yosef (Shabbat vol 3 pg 272) brings this as a doubt and says that one should avoid such a situation. </ref> | # Separating right before a meal is permissible even if one will only eat the food later in meal which may be after several hours. However, separating to eat food after the meal or in another meal is forbidden. <Ref> Mishna Brurah 319:5 writes that separating with intent to eat the food after the meal or in another meal is forbidden. </ref> | ||
# Some say that the time limit for separating food from other food has a longer time period that separating food from waste, however, Ashkenazim shouldn’t rely on this, and Sephardim shouldn’t rely on this unless there’s a great need. <Ref>Rambam (Shabbat 8:13) writes that one violates Borer if one separates for later in the day such as separating in the morning with intent to eat in the evening. Bet Yosef (319:1-3; Bet Yosef is the author of S”A) explains that the Rambam holds that by separating two foods (one that’s wanted and one unwanted) one is permitted to separate even if one will eat it in the next 3-4 hours, whereas separating a food from a refuse is permitted to only immediately prior to a meal. [Yalkut Yosef (Shabbat vol 3 pg 278) quotes Rabbi Moshe Hershler’s notes to Ramban (note 158) who explains that by food and refuse, separating makes the food edible and that’s only permissible if one eats it immediately, however by two foods, separating is only forbidden as it sets aside two foods and that only is forbidden if it’s stored away for a long time.] S”A 319:1-3 uses the same language of the Rambam which implies that S”A holds of the distinction he made in the words of the Rambam. So writes the Machasit HaShekel 319:6. However, Biur Halacha (319:3 D”H SheBirer) quotes the Tosfet Shabbat and Maaseh Rokeach who argue on the distinction of the Bet Yosef and the language of the Rambam is just imprecise. So rules the Mishna Brurah 319:16. However, Rama 319:1 rules that it is only permitted to separate right before a meal, seemingly making no difference whether it’s separating between food and refuse or between two foods. So writes the Machasit HaShekel 319:6 (in explanation of Rama). Yalkut Yosef (Shabbat vol 3 pg 278) brings two opinions on this issue and even though that in the footnote it sounds like it’s permissible because of a Safek Safeka, he concludes by leaving it unresolved. </ref> | |||
# If one separated in order to eat immediately and then changed his mind and decided not to eat, some say that he violated Borer, while others say it’s permissible after the fact, therefore one should avoid such a situation. <Ref> Shaar HaTzion 319:5 quotes the Pri Megadim who says that after the fact the food is permitted if one had in mind to eat it immediately even if one changes his mind afterwards. Yalkut Yosef (Shabbat vol 3 pg 272) brings this as a doubt and says that one should avoid such a situation. </ref> | |||
==Separating for others== | ==Separating for others== | ||
# One is permitted to separate for others as long as one does it for immediate use, with one’s hand, and food from the refuse. <Ref> Rama 319:1 writes that it’s permissible to separate for others to eat. Mishna Brurah 319:6 clarifies that it’s permissible even if one is preparing for others but he himself isn’t eating from the food that was separated. </ref> | # One is permitted to separate for others as long as one does it for immediate use, with one’s hand, and food from the refuse. <Ref> Rama 319:1 writes that it’s permissible to separate for others to eat. Mishna Brurah 319:6 clarifies that it’s permissible even if one is preparing for others but he himself isn’t eating from the food that was separated. </ref> | ||
# One is permitted to separate for guests (or peel fruits) enough food that it should be presentable even if one knows that not all of the food will be eaten. <Ref> Sh”t Rav Poalim 1:12 writes that it’s logical that it’s permissible to separate food to fill a plate or basket for guests even if the guests won’t eat all the food because one is separating for an immediate purpose of serving the guests respectfully. So rules Ben Ish Chai (Beshalach 3), Or Letzion (vol 2 chap 31:3). </ref> | # One is permitted to separate for guests (or peel fruits) enough food that it should be presentable even if one knows that not all of the food will be eaten. <Ref> Sh”t Rav Poalim 1:12 writes that it’s logical that it’s permissible to separate food to fill a plate or basket for guests even if the guests won’t eat all the food because one is separating for an immediate purpose of serving the guests respectfully. So rules Ben Ish Chai (Beshalach 3), Or Letzion (vol 2 chap 31:3), and Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata (chap 3 note 115) in name of Rav Shlomo Zalman. </ref> | ||
# It’s permitted to separate for animals as long as it’s for immediate use, with one’s hand, and one separates the food from the refuse. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:7 </ref> | # It’s permitted to separate for animals as long as it’s for immediate use, with one’s hand, and one separates the food from the refuse. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:7 </ref> | ||
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==Benchers== | ==Benchers== | ||
#Taking a particular bencher from a pile is considered Borer unless it fulfills the requirements of taking the food from refuse for immediate use with one’s hand. <Ref> Shabbat Kitchen pg 87 </ref> | #Taking a particular bencher from a pile is considered Borer unless it fulfills the requirements of taking the food from refuse for immediate use with one’s hand. <Ref> Shabbat Kitchen pg 87 </ref> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
