Borer: Difference between revisions
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#It is only permitted to separate with intent to eat the food immediately, while it’s forbidden to separate with intent to eat the food after some time even within the same day.<ref>Shulchan Aruch 319:2 rules that separating food in one’s hand for later in the day is considered like separating to store the food and one violates Borer Deoritta. </ref> | #It is only permitted to separate with intent to eat the food immediately, while it’s forbidden to separate with intent to eat the food after some time even within the same day.<ref>Shulchan Aruch 319:2 rules that separating food in one’s hand for later in the day is considered like separating to store the food and one violates Borer Deoritta. </ref> | ||
#Separating before a meal for the time it takes to prepare the meal is considered separating for immediate use. For example if it takes half an hour to prepare for the meal one may separate only within a half hour of the meal.<ref>Mishna Brurah 319:45 says that the borer must be done right next to the meal. Even though the Ben Ish Chai (Beshalach 1) writes that within a half hour of the meal is considered immediately before the meal, Sh”t Igrot Moshe 4:74 (Borer #13) holds that one only has the time it takes to prepare the meal prior to the meal. Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:63, The 39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 3 pg 412), [[Shabbos]] Kitchen (pg 100), Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 3 pg 265 486), and Menuchat Ahava (vol 2 7:6) also concur. See [https://www.yutorah.org/sidebar/lecture.cfm/797572/rabbi-hershel-schachter/shiur-7-shabbos-borer/ Rav Hershel Schachter (Shabbos #7 min 26)] who sounds like that the primary opinion would also permit from Friday night after the meal to Shabbat lunch.</ref> One may not separate and then take a few minute break before the meal.<ref>The 39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 3, pg 412) </ref> | #Separating before a meal for the time it takes to prepare the meal is considered separating for immediate use. For example if it takes half an hour to prepare for the meal one may separate only within a half hour of the meal.<ref>Mishna Brurah 319:45 says that the borer must be done right next to the meal. Even though the Ben Ish Chai (Beshalach 1) writes that within a half hour of the meal is considered immediately before the meal, Sh”t Igrot Moshe 4:74 (Borer #13) holds that one only has the time it takes to prepare the meal prior to the meal. Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:63, The 39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 3 pg 412), [[Shabbos]] Kitchen (pg 100), Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 3 pg 265 486), and Menuchat Ahava (vol 2 7:6) also concur. See [https://www.yutorah.org/sidebar/lecture.cfm/797572/rabbi-hershel-schachter/shiur-7-shabbos-borer/ Rav Hershel Schachter (Shabbos #7 min 26)] who sounds like that the primary opinion would also permit from Friday night after the meal to Shabbat lunch.</ref> One may not separate and then take a few minute break before the meal.<ref>The 39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 3, pg 412). [https://www.yutorah.org/sidebar/lecture.cfm/905246/rabbi-mordechai-i-willig/morasha-kollel-iyun-zoreh-borer-u-meraked-10/ Rabbi Mordechai Willig (Morasha Kollel Borer #10, min 3-7)] cited and agreed the Ayil Meshulash p. 119 that one may not use a walk after doing borer preparations for the meal. One can do other meal preparations can be done after the borer before the meal. If one prepared for the meal so that it would be ready and immediately and then the meal was delayed because of a child or waiting for guests that is not a problem.</ref> | ||
#Separating right before a meal is permissible even if one will only eat the food later in meal which may be after several hours. However, separating to eat food after the meal or in another meal is forbidden.<ref>Mishna Brurah 319:5 writes that separating with intent to eat the food after the meal or in another meal is forbidden. </ref> | #Separating right before a meal is permissible even if one will only eat the food later in meal which may be after several hours. However, separating to eat food after the meal or in another meal is forbidden.<ref>Mishna Brurah 319:5 writes that separating with intent to eat the food after the meal or in another meal is forbidden. </ref> | ||
#Some say that the time limit for separating food from other food has a longer time period that separating food from waste, however, Ashkenazim shouldn’t rely on this, and Sephardim shouldn’t rely on this unless there’s a great need.<ref>Rambam ([[Shabbat]] 8:13) writes that one violates Borer if one separates for later in the day such as separating in the morning with intent to eat in the evening. Bet Yosef (319:1-3; Bet Yosef is the author of S”A) explains that the Rambam holds that by separating two foods (one that’s wanted and one unwanted) one is permitted to separate even if one will eat it in the next 3-4 hours, whereas separating a food from a refuse is permitted to only immediately prior to a meal. [Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 3 pg 278) quotes Rabbi Moshe Hershler’s notes to Ramban (note 158) who explains that by food and refuse, separating makes the food edible and that’s only permissible if one eats it immediately, however by two foods, separating is only forbidden as it sets aside two foods and that only is forbidden if it’s stored away for a long time.] Shulchan Aruch O.C. 319:1-3 uses the same language of the Rambam which implies that S”A holds of the distinction he made in the words of the Rambam. Machasit HaShekel 319:6 notes this. However, Beiur Halacha (319:3 s.v. SheBirer) quotes the Tosefet [[Shabbat]] and Maaseh Rokeach who argue on the distinction of the Bet Yosef and the language of the Rambam is just imprecise. This is also the opinion of the Mishna Brurah 319:16. However, Rama 319:1 rules that it is only permitted to separate right before a meal, seemingly making no difference whether it’s separating between food and refuse or between two foods. Machasit HaShekel 319:6 (in explanation of Rama) agrees. Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 3 pg 278) brings two opinions on this issue and even though that in the footnote it sounds like it’s permissible because of a Sfek Safeka, he concludes by leaving it unresolved. </ref> | #Some say that the time limit for separating food from other food has a longer time period that separating food from waste, however, Ashkenazim shouldn’t rely on this, and Sephardim shouldn’t rely on this unless there’s a great need.<ref>Rambam ([[Shabbat]] 8:13) writes that one violates Borer if one separates for later in the day such as separating in the morning with intent to eat in the evening. Bet Yosef (319:1-3; Bet Yosef is the author of S”A) explains that the Rambam holds that by separating two foods (one that’s wanted and one unwanted) one is permitted to separate even if one will eat it in the next 3-4 hours, whereas separating a food from a refuse is permitted to only immediately prior to a meal. [Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 3 pg 278) quotes Rabbi Moshe Hershler’s notes to Ramban (note 158) who explains that by food and refuse, separating makes the food edible and that’s only permissible if one eats it immediately, however by two foods, separating is only forbidden as it sets aside two foods and that only is forbidden if it’s stored away for a long time.] Shulchan Aruch O.C. 319:1-3 uses the same language of the Rambam which implies that S”A holds of the distinction he made in the words of the Rambam. Machasit HaShekel 319:6 notes this. However, Beiur Halacha (319:3 s.v. SheBirer) quotes the Tosefet [[Shabbat]] and Maaseh Rokeach who argue on the distinction of the Bet Yosef and the language of the Rambam is just imprecise. This is also the opinion of the Mishna Brurah 319:16. However, Rama 319:1 rules that it is only permitted to separate right before a meal, seemingly making no difference whether it’s separating between food and refuse or between two foods. Machasit HaShekel 319:6 (in explanation of Rama) agrees. Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 3 pg 278) brings two opinions on this issue and even though that in the footnote it sounds like it’s permissible because of a Sfek Safeka, he concludes by leaving it unresolved. </ref> | ||
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#One may not remove a drink bottle from a refrigerator where the bottles are jumbled together except for immediate use of drinking (or taking it out to lose its chill and then drink).<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:74 </ref> | #One may not remove a drink bottle from a refrigerator where the bottles are jumbled together except for immediate use of drinking (or taking it out to lose its chill and then drink).<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:74 </ref> | ||
#Ideally, one should eat all the food that was separated in preparation for the meal, however, if there are leftovers of food that was separated for the meal or one changed one’s mind not to eat, the food may be eaten later on [[Shabbat]].<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:75 </ref> | #Ideally, one should eat all the food that was separated in preparation for the meal, however, if there are leftovers of food that was separated for the meal or one changed one’s mind not to eat, the food may be eaten later on [[Shabbat]].<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:75 </ref> | ||
#One may not organize a stack of papers in an order unless one intends on reading them immediately.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:84 </ref> | #One may not organize a stack of papers in an order unless one intends on reading them immediately.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:84 </ref> | ||
===Toys and Games=== | |||
#One is forbidden from sorting a jumbled assortment of toys.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:90, Yaladim Khalacha p. 81 citing Menuchat Ahava v. 1 p. 240</ref> | |||
#If a toy has many different pieces, with different shapes and colors and one doesn't care how they are arranged, one can put them all back into its container. However, if one wants to have the pieces with different colors separate (such as red checkers and black checkers) one may not separate them on Shabbat after playing with them to clean up. It would still be permitted before playing since it is being separated for immediate use.<ref>Shabbat Kehalacha (Farkash 22:120)</ref> | |||
===Silverware=== | ===Silverware=== | ||
# It is forbidden to take a pile of forks and knives and separate them to set the table unless one is doing so immediately before the meal. If the forks and knives are already found in separate sections of a drawer they may be taken separately to set the table and there's no separation involved. <ref>Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata 3:86</ref> | # It is forbidden to take a pile of forks and knives and separate them to set the table unless one is doing so immediately before the meal. If the forks and knives are already found in separate sections of a drawer they may be taken separately to set the table and there's no separation involved. <ref>Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata 3:86</ref> | ||
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#Certainly, it’s permissible to sort cutlery even from a mixture so that one can set the table for the meal that’s going to start immediately after sorting the cutlery.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:79 </ref> | #Certainly, it’s permissible to sort cutlery even from a mixture so that one can set the table for the meal that’s going to start immediately after sorting the cutlery.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:79 </ref> | ||
#Cutlery of different kind (knife, spoon, fork) and of different functions (cutlery for dairy and cutlery for meat, a serving spoon and a regular spoon) constitute a mixture.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:78, 80 </ref> | #Cutlery of different kind (knife, spoon, fork) and of different functions (cutlery for dairy and cutlery for meat, a serving spoon and a regular spoon) constitute a mixture.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:78, 80 </ref> | ||
# One solution to separate a pile of silverware in a permitted fashion is to throw the pile of silverware on an empty table or counter and they separate on their own. Then once they are sufficiently far apart from one another then one can take the silverware one needs one at a time.<Ref>Igrot Moshe 4:74:11</ref> | # One solution to separate a pile of silverware in a permitted fashion is to throw the pile of silverware on an empty table or counter and they separate on their own. Then once they are sufficiently far apart from one another then one can take the silverware one needs one at a time.<Ref>Igrot Moshe 4:74:11. See Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata ch. 3 fnt. 6 and Haarot of Rav Elyashiv (Shabbat 74a) who endorse this idea.</ref> | ||
===Separating Cards=== | ===Separating Cards=== | ||
