Borer: Difference between revisions
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#It’s permitted to separate for animals as long as it’s for immediate use, with one’s hand, and one separates the food from the refuse.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:7 </ref> | #It’s permitted to separate for animals as long as it’s for immediate use, with one’s hand, and one separates the food from the refuse.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:7 </ref> | ||
==The | ==The Permitted Way to Separate== | ||
#In order to permit selecting on [[Shabbat]] | #In order to permit selecting on [[Shabbat]] you must fulfill the following three conditions: | ||
##You must separate what you want from what you don’t want. | ##You must separate what you want from what you don’t want. | ||
##You must separate with one’s hand. | ##You must separate with one’s hand. | ||
##You must separate for immediate use or just prior to a meal (the amount of time it takes to prepare the food).<ref> | ##You must separate for immediate use or just prior to a meal (the amount of time it takes to prepare the food).<ref>Gemara Shabbat 74a, Shulchan Aruch O.C. 319:1-2, Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:2 </ref> | ||
==Clarification of the First Condition: Good from Bad== | ==Clarification of the First Condition: Good from Bad== | ||
===Taking Good with Bad=== | |||
#It's permissible to remove the refuse together with a piece of a good food.<ref>Taz 319:13 writes that when removing a fly from a drink it’s permissible if one takes the fly with some liquid with it. Most achronim hold like the Taz including Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 80:19, Mishna Brurah 319:61, Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:18, and The 39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 3 pg 419). | #It's permissible to remove the refuse together with a piece of a good food.<ref>Taz 319:13 writes that when removing a fly from a drink it’s permissible if one takes the fly with some liquid with it. Most achronim hold like the Taz including Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 80:19, Mishna Brurah 319:61, Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:18, and The 39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 3 pg 419). | ||
*Chazon Ish explained that the Taz means that since the fly was contained in a separate mixture of liquid removing that mixture entirely and not separating within the mixture is permissible. According to this, a significant amount of liquid must be removed with the fly so that it can form it’s own mixture. | *Chazon Ish explained that the Taz means that since the fly was contained in a separate mixture of liquid removing that mixture entirely and not separating within the mixture is permissible. According to this, a significant amount of liquid must be removed with the fly so that it can form it’s own mixture. | ||
*However, [[Shabbos]] Kitchen (pg 104-5 in the note) writes that the Mishna Brurah disagrees with the Chazon | *However, [[Shabbos]] Kitchen (pg 104-5 in the note) writes that the Mishna Brurah disagrees with the Chazon Ish and concludes that a particle of liquid suffices and that the Taz’s leniency would apply to dry foods. The [[Shabbat]] Kitchen explains that the reason of the Taz’s leniency is because of it’s not similar to the way borer is normally done. | ||
*Iglai Tal #6 writes that the Taz’s leniency only allows you to do it right before the eating. [[Shabbos]] Kitchen argues that it should be permitted even for storing away. Menuchat Ahava 7:11 agrees. See Sh”t [[Tefillah]] lemoshe 1:49(9) who argues on the Chazon Ish.</ref> | *Iglai Tal #6 writes that the Taz’s leniency only allows you to do it right before the eating. [[Shabbos]] Kitchen argues that it should be permitted even for storing away. Menuchat Ahava 7:11 agrees. See Sh”t [[Tefillah]] lemoshe 1:49(9) who argues on the Chazon Ish.</ref> | ||
# Some say that one should make sure that one remove a substantial amount of good together with the bad.<ref>The 39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 3 pg 421) based on Chazon Ish </ref> | |||
===In One's Mouth=== | |||
#If one has food in one’s mouth one may remove what you don't want from what you want.<ref>Igrot Moshe O”C 4:74 Borer 7, Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:11, and [[Shabbos]] Kitchen (pg 103) </ref> | #If one has food in one’s mouth one may remove what you don't want from what you want.<ref>Igrot Moshe O”C 4:74 Borer 7, Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:11, and [[Shabbos]] Kitchen (pg 103) </ref> | ||
#If a food has a peel that covers it entirely one may remove the part that’s unwanted (peel) from the part that’s desired (fruit), however this action must be done right before the meal and with one's hand.<ref> | ===Peels=== | ||
#If a food has a peel that covers it entirely one may remove the part that’s unwanted (peel) from the part that’s desired (fruit), however this action must be done right before the meal and with one's hand.<ref>Shulchan Aruch O.C. 321:19, Biur Halacha 321:19:4 s.v. LeKlof, Menuchat Ahava (vol 2 7:11), and Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:29 </ref> | |||
#Where it’s impossible to separate the food from the waste it’s permissible to take out the waste. For example, one who cuts open a cantaloupe may scoop out the seeds and leave the fruit.<ref>[[Shabbos]] Kitchen (pg 103) in name of Rav Scheinberg </ref> | #Where it’s impossible to separate the food from the waste it’s permissible to take out the waste. For example, one who cuts open a cantaloupe may scoop out the seeds and leave the fruit.<ref>[[Shabbos]] Kitchen (pg 103) in name of Rav Scheinberg </ref> | ||
#It is permissible to remove an inedible shell or peel from a food as long as it’s done by hand and immediately prior to eating. Examples include: | |||
##eggshells | |||
##onion peel | |||
##potato peel | |||
##banana peel | |||
##sausages peel | |||
##melon peel | |||
##peanut shell.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:31,34, Menuchat Ahava (vol 2, 7:7) </ref> | |||
===Taking Refuse from the Food=== | |||
#It is forbidden to separate on [[Shabbat]] by taking the refuse from the food. It is forbidden even when it’s done with one hand.<ref>S”A 319:4 writes that it’s forbidden to take the refuse from food even with one hand. Mishna Brurah 319:17 writes that even though some don’t have the words “one hand” in S”A, still one shouldn’t be lenient to take to take refuse from food with one hand. This halacha is also found in Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:22. </ref> | #It is forbidden to separate on [[Shabbat]] by taking the refuse from the food. It is forbidden even when it’s done with one hand.<ref>S”A 319:4 writes that it’s forbidden to take the refuse from food even with one hand. Mishna Brurah 319:17 writes that even though some don’t have the words “one hand” in S”A, still one shouldn’t be lenient to take to take refuse from food with one hand. This halacha is also found in Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:22. </ref> | ||
#One violates Borer by taking the refuse from the food even if one only separated a portion of the refuse and didn’t complete the separation.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:10 </ref> | #One violates Borer by taking the refuse from the food even if one only separated a portion of the refuse and didn’t complete the separation.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:10 </ref> | ||
#It’s forbidden to separate refuse from food even if the refuse is slightly edible.<ref>Mishna Brurah 319:7 writes that | #It’s forbidden to separate refuse from food even if the refuse is slightly edible.<ref>Mishna Brurah 319:7 writes that it is rabbinically forbidden to separate the refuse from the food even if a refuse is slightly edible. </ref> | ||
===Taking a Desired Food from an Undesired One=== | |||
#If there are two foods that are mixed and one wants one to eat one now and not the other, the one he wants to eat is called the ‘food’ and the unwanted one is called the ‘refuse’ and so it is forbidden to take the unwanted one from the other.<ref> | #If there are two foods that are mixed and one wants one to eat one now and not the other, the one he wants to eat is called the ‘food’ and the unwanted one is called the ‘refuse’ and so it is forbidden to take the unwanted one from the other.<ref>Shulchan Aruch O.C. 319:10, Mishna Brurah 319:13-4, [[Shabbos]] Kitchen pg 86 </ref> | ||
#For example, if almonds and walnuts are mixed, and one only intends to eat the almonds, one may take the almonds from the mixture but not the walnuts.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:3 </ref> | #For example, if almonds and walnuts are mixed, and one only intends to eat the almonds, one may take the almonds from the mixture but not the walnuts.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:3 </ref> | ||
===Separating Two Foods to be Used for Later=== | |||
#If there’s two foods (meaning both are desired for use) there’s a dispute whether one is allowed to separate for later use, Ashkenazim should be strict and Sephardim may be lenient.<ref>The Pri Megadim (M”Z 319:2) writes that there’s a logic to permit separating two foods if one will eat both but just after some time since in this case there’s no food being taken from refuse, and concludes with a Tzarich Iyun. However, the Mishna Brurah | #If there’s two foods (meaning both are desired for use) there’s a dispute whether one is allowed to separate for later use, Ashkenazim should be strict and Sephardim may be lenient.<ref>The Pri Megadim (M”Z 319:2) writes that there’s a logic to permit separating two foods if one will eat both but just after some time since in this case there’s no food being taken from refuse, and concludes with a Tzarich Iyun. However, the Mishna Brurah 319:12 (also reiterated in Biur Halacha 319:3:1 s.v. Hayu) based on Tosafot [[Shabbat]] 74a s.v. "hay lifanav shnei mini ochlin" argues that it’s a definite violation of Borer to separate the two foods. Or Letzion (vol 2 chap 31 note 4), Menuchat Ahava, and [[Shabbos]] Kitchen (84) rule like Mishna Brurah. Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 3 pg 279; see Sh”t Yabia Omer 5:31:5) brings two opinions and leaves it as a doubt. Sh”t Maharshag 1:54 also leaves this question in doubt. </ref> | ||
#It’s permissible to separate a food that’s not desired now but desired for later in the same meal from another food that’s desired right now.<ref>[[Shabbos]] Kitchen (pg 103), Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:65 </ref> | #It’s permissible to separate a food that’s not desired now but desired for later in the same meal from another food that’s desired right now.<ref>[[Shabbos]] Kitchen (pg 103), Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:65 </ref> | ||
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#It’s permissible to remove a sticker, label, or foil stuck to [[challah]], as long as it is done right before eating.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:31 </ref> | #It’s permissible to remove a sticker, label, or foil stuck to [[challah]], as long as it is done right before eating.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:31 </ref> | ||
#One may remove honeydew or other melon seeds which are concentrated in the center of the fruit if done right before eating.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:33 </ref> | #One may remove honeydew or other melon seeds which are concentrated in the center of the fruit if done right before eating.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:33. He explains that since it is impossible to access the fruit without removing the seeds, they are similar to a peel which is permitted to remove and isn't considered a forbidden separation of bad from good. Nonetheless, it should be done for immediate consumption. He adds that Rav Shlomo Zalman held that seeds which spill out of the fruit easily aren't considered one unit with the fruit at all.</ref> | ||
#A knife isn’t considered a utensil designated for borer and may be used to peel.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:31 </ref> | #A knife isn’t considered a utensil designated for borer and may be used to peel.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:31 </ref> | ||
#One may remove a stem from a fruit right before eating.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:35 </ref> | #One may remove a stem from a fruit right before eating.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:35 </ref> | ||
#It’s permissible to crack a nut with a nutcracker.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:38 explains that a nutcracker just breaks the shell but doesn’t complete the separation. </ref> | #It’s permissible to crack a nut with a nutcracker.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:38 explains that a nutcracker just breaks the shell but doesn’t complete the separation. </ref> | ||
#If a candy wrapper got stuck to the candy, one should only remove the wrapper right before eating.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:39 </ref> | #If a candy wrapper got stuck to the candy, one should only remove the wrapper right before eating.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:39 </ref> | ||
==Clarification of the Second Condition: With One's Hand== | ==Clarification of the Second Condition: With One's Hand== | ||
#It’s forbidden to use a sieve or strainer.<ref>Shulchan Aruch 319:1 </ref> | #It’s forbidden to use a sieve or strainer.<ref>Shulchan Aruch 319:1 </ref> | ||
#A utensil like a fork is permissible if it’s used as an extension to one’s hand, meaning it’s used not to get one’s hands dirty or in order to pick up a liquid but it doesn’t help one separate any better than if one did it with one’s hands. Some Sephardic authorities permit under all circumstances.<ref>Rabbi Moshe Feinstein in Sh”t Igrot Moshe O"C 1:126, Brit Olam (Borer #28), Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:45, and [[Shabbos]] Kitchen permit using utensils when they are used as because one can't touch it with one's hand (because of manners or the food is hot) but when it's used to aid in | #A utensil like a fork is permissible if it’s used as an extension to one’s hand, meaning it’s used not to get one’s hands dirty or in order to pick up a liquid but it doesn’t help one separate any better than if one did it with one’s hands. Some Sephardic authorities permit under all circumstances.<ref>Rabbi Moshe Feinstein in Sh”t Igrot Moshe O"C 1:126, Brit Olam (Borer #28), Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:45, and [[Shabbos]] Kitchen permit using utensils when they are used as because one can't touch it with one's hand (because of manners or the food is hot) but when it's used to aid in separation, the utensils are forbidden. However, Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 3 pg 261) in name of [[Rabbi Ovadyah Yosef]], Menuchat Ahava (vol 2 7:7), and Sh"t Or Letzion (1:27 pg 68) permit it under all circumstances. Lastly, Rabbi Shlomo Amar in Sh"t Shema Shlomo 1:8 writes that it's preferable to be strict like the Igrot Moshe, however in cases of great need or if there's a doubt whether it's aiding the separation or it's for convenience, it's permissible. </ref> | ||
#Some say that using a peeler is an issue of using a tool designated for Borer.<ref>39 Melachos (v. 2, p. 404) citing the Eglei Tal</ref> | #Some say that using a peeler is an issue of using a tool designated for Borer.<ref>39 Melachos (v. 2, p. 404) citing the Eglei Tal</ref> | ||
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#It is only permitted to separate with intent to eat the food immediately, while it’s forbidden to separate with intent to eat the food after some time even within the same day.<ref>Shulchan Aruch 319:2 rules that separating food in one’s hand for later in the day is considered like separating to store the food and one violates Borer Deoritta. </ref> | #It is only permitted to separate with intent to eat the food immediately, while it’s forbidden to separate with intent to eat the food after some time even within the same day.<ref>Shulchan Aruch 319:2 rules that separating food in one’s hand for later in the day is considered like separating to store the food and one violates Borer Deoritta. </ref> | ||
#Separating before a meal for the time it takes to prepare the meal is considered separating for immediate use. For example if it takes half an hour to prepare for the meal one may separate only within a half hour of the meal.<ref>Mishna Brurah 319:45 says that the borer must be done right next to the meal. Even though the Ben Ish Chai (Beshalach 1) writes that within a half hour of the meal is considered immediately before the meal, Sh”t Igrot Moshe 4:74 (Borer #13) holds that one only has the time it takes to prepare the meal prior to the meal. | #Separating before a meal for the time it takes to prepare the meal is considered separating for immediate use. For example if it takes half an hour to prepare for the meal one may separate only within a half hour of the meal.<ref>Mishna Brurah 319:45 says that the borer must be done right next to the meal. Even though the Ben Ish Chai (Beshalach 1) writes that within a half hour of the meal is considered immediately before the meal, Sh”t Igrot Moshe 4:74 (Borer #13) holds that one only has the time it takes to prepare the meal prior to the meal. Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:63, The 39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 3 pg 412), [[Shabbos]] Kitchen (pg 100), Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 3 pg 265 486), and Menuchat Ahava (vol 2 7:6) also concur. See [https://www.yutorah.org/sidebar/lecture.cfm/797572/rabbi-hershel-schachter/shiur-7-shabbos-borer/ Rav Hershel Schachter (Shabbos #7 min 26)] who sounds like that the primary opinion would also permit from Friday night after the meal to Shabbat lunch.</ref> One may not separate and then take a few minute break before the meal.<ref>The 39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 3, pg 412). [https://www.yutorah.org/sidebar/lecture.cfm/905246/rabbi-mordechai-i-willig/morasha-kollel-iyun-zoreh-borer-u-meraked-10/ Rabbi Mordechai Willig (Morasha Kollel Borer #10, min 3-7)] cited and agreed the Ayil Meshulash p. 119 that one may not use a walk after doing borer preparations for the meal. One can do other meal preparations can be done after the borer before the meal. If one prepared for the meal so that it would be ready and immediately and then the meal was delayed because of a child or waiting for guests that is not a problem.</ref> | ||
#Separating right before a meal is permissible even if one will only eat the food later in meal which may be after several hours. However, separating to eat food after the meal or in another meal is forbidden.<ref>Mishna Brurah 319:5 writes that separating with intent to eat the food after the meal or in another meal is forbidden. </ref> | #Separating right before a meal is permissible even if one will only eat the food later in meal which may be after several hours. However, separating to eat food after the meal or in another meal is forbidden.<ref>Mishna Brurah 319:5 writes that separating with intent to eat the food after the meal or in another meal is forbidden. </ref> | ||
#Some say that the time limit for separating food from other food has a longer time period that separating food from waste, however, Ashkenazim shouldn’t rely on this, and Sephardim shouldn’t rely on this unless there’s a great need.<ref>Rambam ([[Shabbat]] 8:13) writes that one violates Borer if one separates for later in the day such as separating in the morning with intent to eat in the evening. Bet Yosef (319:1-3; Bet Yosef is the author of S”A) explains that the Rambam holds that by separating two foods (one that’s wanted and one unwanted) one is permitted to separate even if one will eat it in the next 3-4 hours, whereas separating a food from a refuse is permitted to only immediately prior to a meal. [Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 3 pg 278) quotes Rabbi Moshe Hershler’s notes to Ramban (note 158) who explains that by food and refuse, separating makes the food edible and that’s only permissible if one eats it immediately, however by two foods, separating is only forbidden as it sets aside two foods and that only is forbidden if it’s stored away for a long time.] | #Some say that the time limit for separating food from other food has a longer time period that separating food from waste, however, Ashkenazim shouldn’t rely on this, and Sephardim shouldn’t rely on this unless there’s a great need.<ref>Rambam ([[Shabbat]] 8:13) writes that one violates Borer if one separates for later in the day such as separating in the morning with intent to eat in the evening. Bet Yosef (319:1-3; Bet Yosef is the author of S”A) explains that the Rambam holds that by separating two foods (one that’s wanted and one unwanted) one is permitted to separate even if one will eat it in the next 3-4 hours, whereas separating a food from a refuse is permitted to only immediately prior to a meal. [Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 3 pg 278) quotes Rabbi Moshe Hershler’s notes to Ramban (note 158) who explains that by food and refuse, separating makes the food edible and that’s only permissible if one eats it immediately, however by two foods, separating is only forbidden as it sets aside two foods and that only is forbidden if it’s stored away for a long time.] Shulchan Aruch O.C. 319:1-3 uses the same language of the Rambam which implies that S”A holds of the distinction he made in the words of the Rambam. Machasit HaShekel 319:6 notes this. However, Beiur Halacha (319:3 s.v. SheBirer) quotes the Tosefet [[Shabbat]] and Maaseh Rokeach who argue on the distinction of the Bet Yosef and the language of the Rambam is just imprecise. This is also the opinion of the Mishna Brurah 319:16. However, Rama 319:1 rules that it is only permitted to separate right before a meal, seemingly making no difference whether it’s separating between food and refuse or between two foods. Machasit HaShekel 319:6 (in explanation of Rama) agrees. Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 3 pg 278) brings two opinions on this issue and even though that in the footnote it sounds like it’s permissible because of a Sfek Safeka, he concludes by leaving it unresolved. </ref> | ||
#If one separated in order to eat immediately and then changed his mind and decided not to eat, some say that he violated Borer, while others say it’s permissible after the fact, therefore one should avoid such a situation.<ref>Shaar HaTziyun 319:5 quotes the Pri Megadim who says that after the fact the food is permitted if one had in mind to eat it immediately even if one changes his mind afterwards. Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 3 pg 272) brings this as a doubt and says that one should avoid such a situation. </ref> | #If one separated in order to eat immediately and then changed his mind and decided not to eat, some say that he violated Borer, while others say it’s permissible after the fact, therefore one should avoid such a situation.<ref>Shaar HaTziyun 319:5 quotes the Pri Megadim who says that after the fact the food is permitted if one had in mind to eat it immediately even if one changes his mind afterwards. Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 3 pg 272) brings this as a doubt and says that one should avoid such a situation. </ref> | ||
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==Separating non-food items== | ==Separating non-food items== | ||
#It’s forbidden to separate a mixture of non-food items such as clothing or vessels.<ref>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 80:17, Mishna Brurah 319:15, Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:1, [[Shabbos]] Kitchen pg 86, 39 Melachos (vol 2, pg 382), and Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 3 pg 327). See the Aruch HaShulchan 319:7 who is lenient. </ref>According to Sephardim some say that one may be lenient.<ref>[http://www.dailyhalacha.com/displayRead.asp?readID=365 Rabbi Mansour] on Dailyhalacha.com writes that it's permissible for Sephardim to sort silverware on [[Shabbat]]. Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]], vol 3, pg 330 and 490) and Sh"t Yabia Omer 5:31 | #It’s forbidden to separate a mixture of non-food items such as clothing or vessels.<ref>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 80:17, Mishna Brurah 319:15, Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:1, [[Shabbos]] Kitchen pg 86, 39 Melachos (vol 2, pg 382), and Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 3 pg 327). See the Aruch HaShulchan 319:7 who is lenient. </ref> According to Sephardim some say that one may be lenient.<ref>[http://www.dailyhalacha.com/displayRead.asp?readID=365 Rabbi Mansour] on Dailyhalacha.com writes that it's permissible for Sephardim to sort silverware on [[Shabbat]]. Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]], vol 3, pg 330 and 490) and Sh"t Yabia Omer 5:31 are lenient in certain cases.</ref> | ||
#One may not select clothes from the cabinet except right before using them, however, it’d be forbidden to take them out of the closet at night for the next morning.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:68. See, however, 39 Melachos (vol 2, pg 388) who writes that clothes in a closet is not considered a mixture. </ref> | #One may not select clothes from the cabinet except right before using them, however, it’d be forbidden to take them out of the closet at night for the next morning.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:68. See, however, 39 Melachos (vol 2, pg 388) who writes that clothes in a closet is not considered a mixture. </ref> | ||
#One shouldn’t remove a book from a bookcase except right before one plans on reading it. It’s permissible to remove the book, read a little in it immediately and leave it for later.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:69 </ref> | #One shouldn’t remove a book from a bookcase except right before one plans on reading it. It’s permissible to remove the book, read a little in it immediately and leave it for later.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:69 </ref> | ||
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#One may not remove a drink bottle from a refrigerator where the bottles are jumbled together except for immediate use of drinking (or taking it out to lose its chill and then drink).<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:74 </ref> | #One may not remove a drink bottle from a refrigerator where the bottles are jumbled together except for immediate use of drinking (or taking it out to lose its chill and then drink).<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:74 </ref> | ||
#Ideally, one should eat all the food that was separated in preparation for the meal, however, if there are leftovers of food that was separated for the meal or one changed one’s mind not to eat, the food may be eaten later on [[Shabbat]].<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:75 </ref> | #Ideally, one should eat all the food that was separated in preparation for the meal, however, if there are leftovers of food that was separated for the meal or one changed one’s mind not to eat, the food may be eaten later on [[Shabbat]].<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:75 </ref> | ||
#It’s forbidden to sort a mixed group of cutlery to put them into separate compartments. Similarly, it’s forbidden to pick out items of a certain variety, dry them and then place them back in their compartment. Sephardim may have room to be lenient.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3: | #One may not organize a stack of papers in an order unless one intends on reading them immediately.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:84 </ref> | ||
===Toys and Games=== | |||
See Chazon Ovadia (Shabbat Vol. 4, pg 204) where he is more lenient in this regard. | #One is forbidden from sorting a jumbled assortment of toys.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:90, Yaladim Khalacha p. 81 citing Menuchat Ahava v. 1 p. 240</ref> | ||
#However, it is permitted to take one cutlery at a time, dry it and then place it in | #If a toy has many different pieces, with different shapes and colors and one doesn't care how they are arranged, one can put them all back into its container. However, if one wants to have the pieces with different colors separate (such as red checkers and black checkers) one may not separate them on Shabbat after playing with them to clean up. It would still be permitted before playing since it is being separated for immediate use.<ref>Shabbat Kehalacha (Farkash 22:120)</ref> | ||
===Silverware=== | |||
# It is forbidden to take a pile of forks and knives and separate them to set the table unless one is doing so immediately before the meal. If the forks and knives are already found in separate sections of a drawer they may be taken separately to set the table and there's no separation involved. <ref>Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata 3:86</ref> | |||
#It’s forbidden to sort a mixed group of cutlery to put them into separate compartments. Similarly, it’s forbidden to pick out items of a certain variety, dry them and then place them back in their compartment. Sephardim may have room to be lenient.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:86. See Chazon Ovadia (Shabbat Vol. 4, pg 204) where he is more lenient in this regard.</ref> | |||
#However, it is permitted to take one cutlery at a time, dry it and then place it in its compartment.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:86 </ref> | |||
#Certainly, it’s permissible to sort cutlery even from a mixture so that one can set the table for the meal that’s going to start immediately after sorting the cutlery.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:79 </ref> | #Certainly, it’s permissible to sort cutlery even from a mixture so that one can set the table for the meal that’s going to start immediately after sorting the cutlery.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:79 </ref> | ||
#Cutlery of different kind (knife, spoon, fork) and of different functions (cutlery for dairy and cutlery for meat, a serving spoon and a regular spoon) constitute a mixture.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:78,80 </ref> | #Cutlery of different kind (knife, spoon, fork) and of different functions (cutlery for dairy and cutlery for meat, a serving spoon and a regular spoon) constitute a mixture.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:78, 80 </ref> | ||
#One | # One solution to separate a pile of silverware in a permitted fashion is to throw the pile of silverware on an empty table or counter and they separate on their own. Then once they are sufficiently far apart from one another then one can take the silverware one needs one at a time.<Ref>Igrot Moshe 4:74:11. See Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata ch. 3 fnt. 6 and Haarot of Rav Elyashiv (Shabbat 74a) who endorse this idea.</ref> | ||
=== | ===Separating Cards=== | ||
#Separating cards as part of a game, such as where one removes an undesired card, is a question of borer.<ref>Rav Asher Weiss Shabbat p. 327 writes several reasons why it could be allowed to separate cards in order to play cards but concludes that one shouldn't rely on them since they not brought in the earlier poskim. His reasons are perhaps one uses all of the cards equally, so it is considered one type (Rama 319:3). Also, the purpose of the separating isn't to accomplish anything since it is purely a game. Lastly, the cards aren't a food and some say that there isn't borer on non-foods (see Maharshag 1:54, 57).</ref> Some permit it.<ref>Avnei Yishpeh 8:74 based on Rama 319:3 since all of the cards are considered like one type of item.</ref> | |||
===Putting Books Back on the Shelf=== | |||
#It’s permissible and preferable that each person who prays to return their Siddur so that it doesn’t cause those who have to clean up to be involved in separating.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata (chapter 3 note 239) </ref> | #It’s permissible and preferable that each person who prays to return their Siddur so that it doesn’t cause those who have to clean up to be involved in separating.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata (chapter 3 note 239) </ref> | ||
#If one has a stack of sefarim on Shabbat one may not sort them and return them to the shelf. One is permitted to take one book at a time and return it to the shelf if one isn’t particular about which book one takes. However, one should not make a pile of books and put back the books even if one does it one by one. Lastly, it’s permitted to make a pile of books if one doesn’t return them to the shelf.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata (in the old 3:81, in the new 3:88) and Or Letzion (vol 2 chap 31:4) writes that one may take a single book and return it to the shelf since one has no concern about which book he picks up. The Or Letzion adds that it’s permitted to make a pile of books if one doesn’t return them to the shelf, however, if one made a pile and now separates it one by one it’s forbidden because one is taking something wanted from others that are not wanted temporarily. Sh”t Yabia Omer 5:31 permits returning the books to the shelf in any fashion. Rav Soloveitchik (Divrei Harav p. 169) held that there's no borer with separating a pile of Sefarim. 39 Melachos (vol 2, pg 391) writes that two sefarim piled one on the other is not a mixture.</ref> | |||
#One may not sort different books in a pile to put them back on the shelf, however, if one wishes to clear the table, one may pick up each book one at a time and place it on the shelf in it’s appropriate shelf.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:81 </ref> | #One may not sort different books in a pile to put them back on the shelf, however, if one wishes to clear the table, one may pick up each book one at a time and place it on the shelf in it’s appropriate shelf.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:81 </ref> | ||
===Taking | ===Taking Holy Items out of Garbage=== | ||
#If one finds a paper with Torah written on it in the garbage, one may remove the papers and read them a little right away. However, if one finds [[Tefillin]] or [[Tefillin]] straps in a garbage, one may remove them.<ref>Or Letzion (vol 2 chap 31:2) writes that one is permitted to remove papers that have [[kedusha]] from a garbage if one uses it right away since that is considered removing good from bad with one’s hand for immediate use. However, if one finds [[Tefillin]] and it’s impossible to use the [[Tefillin]] on [[Shabbat]], one is still permitted because one is considered as having separated for an immediate purpose of giving respect to the [[Tefillin]]. Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 3 pg 333) writes that one doesn’t have to read from the pages. </ref> | #If one finds a paper with Torah written on it in the garbage, one may remove the papers and read them a little right away. However, if one finds [[Tefillin]] or [[Tefillin]] straps in a garbage, one may remove them.<ref>Or Letzion (vol 2 chap 31:2) writes that one is permitted to remove papers that have [[kedusha]] from a garbage if one uses it right away since that is considered removing good from bad with one’s hand for immediate use. However, if one finds [[Tefillin]] and it’s impossible to use the [[Tefillin]] on [[Shabbat]], one is still permitted because one is considered as having separated for an immediate purpose of giving respect to the [[Tefillin]]. Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 3 pg 333) writes that one doesn’t have to read from the pages. </ref> | ||
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#In a fruit bowl, one may remove a grape sitting on top of a plum in order to eat the plum, however if the top grape is rotten, it’s forbidden to remove it, rather one may spill out the whole bowl and pick out the plum.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:41 </ref> | #In a fruit bowl, one may remove a grape sitting on top of a plum in order to eat the plum, however if the top grape is rotten, it’s forbidden to remove it, rather one may spill out the whole bowl and pick out the plum.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:41 </ref> | ||
#One may not strain fruit juice from pulp (the fruit’s flesh) if either most people in the world are particular to have juice strained or the particular person straining it is particular.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:53 </ref> | #One may not strain fruit juice from pulp (the fruit’s flesh) if either most people in the world are particular to have juice strained or the particular person straining it is particular.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:53 </ref> | ||
==Washing Fruit== | |||
#Fruit which has dirt or pesticides on it can be rinsed off under a running water on Shabbat and it isn't considered separating the fruit from the dirt. However, if the fruit is actually mixed with dirt or something undesirable it is forbidden to clean them under a stream of water.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata 3:22, Igrot Moshe OC 1:125</ref> | |||
#One may wash off grapes if one is only doing so for cleanliness, however, one may not do so if one's intention is to remove some unwanted substance it is forbidden.<ref>Sh"t Shevet HaLevi 1:52(2)</ref> | #One may wash off grapes if one is only doing so for cleanliness, however, one may not do so if one's intention is to remove some unwanted substance it is forbidden.<ref>Sh"t Shevet HaLevi 1:52(2)</ref> | ||
