Borer: Difference between revisions
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→Clarification of the Second Condition: With One's Hand
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#One violates Borer on a Deoritta level in one of three ways. The common factor between all of them is that such is the normal way Borer is done during the weekday.<ref>Mishna Brurah (319 introduction). </ref> | #One violates Borer on a Deoritta level in one of three ways. The common factor between all of them is that such is the normal way Borer is done during the weekday.<ref>Mishna Brurah (319 introduction). </ref> | ||
##Separating refuse from food is a violation of Borer. Even if one takes the food with one’s hands with intent to eat the food immediately, one still violates Borer on a Deoritta level.<ref>Mishna Brurah (319 introduction). </ref> | ##Separating refuse from food is a violation of Borer. Even if one takes the food with one’s hands with intent to eat the food immediately, one still violates Borer on a Deoritta level.<ref>Mishna Brurah (319 introduction). </ref> | ||
## | ##Using an instrument specifically designed for separating, such as a strainer or a sieve is a violation of Borer. Even if one takes the food from the refuse for immediate use, nonetheless, one violates Borer on a Deoritta level.<ref>Mishna Brurah (319 introduction). </ref> | ||
##Separating to eat the food after some time. Even if one separates with one’s hands the food from the refuse, one still violates Borer on a Deoritta level.<ref>Mishna Brurah (319 introduction). <br /> | ##Separating to eat the food after some time. Even if one separates with one’s hands the food from the refuse, one still violates Borer on a Deoritta level.<ref>Mishna Brurah (319 introduction). <br /> | ||
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#It’s permissible to remove a sticker, label, or foil stuck to [[challah]], as long as it is done right before eating.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:31 </ref> | #It’s permissible to remove a sticker, label, or foil stuck to [[challah]], as long as it is done right before eating.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:31 </ref> | ||
#One may remove honeydew or other melon seeds which are concentrated in the center of the fruit if done right before eating.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:33 </ref> | #One may remove honeydew or other melon seeds which are concentrated in the center of the fruit if done right before eating.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:33 </ref> | ||
#A knife isn’t considered a | #A knife isn’t considered a utensil designated for borer and may be used to peel.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:31 </ref> | ||
#One may remove a stem from a fruit right before eating.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:35 </ref> | #One may remove a stem from a fruit right before eating.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:35 </ref> | ||
#It’s permissible to crack a nut with a nutcracker.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:38 explains that a nutcracker just breaks the shell but doesn’t complete the separation. </ref> | #It’s permissible to crack a nut with a nutcracker.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:38 explains that a nutcracker just breaks the shell but doesn’t complete the separation. </ref> | ||
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#It’s forbidden to use a sieve or strainer.<ref>Shulchan Aruch 319:1 </ref> | #It’s forbidden to use a sieve or strainer.<ref>Shulchan Aruch 319:1 </ref> | ||
#A utensil like a fork is permissible if it’s used as an extension to one’s hand, meaning it’s used not to get one’s hands dirty or in order to pick up a liquid but it doesn’t help one separate any better than if one did it with one’s hands. Some Sephardic authorities permit under all circumstances.<ref>Rabbi Moshe Feinstein in Sh”t Igrot Moshe O"C 1:126, Brit Olam (Borer #28), Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:45, and [[Shabbos]] Kitchen permit using utensils when they are used as because one can't touch it with one's hand (because of manners or the food is hot) but when it's used to aid in | #A utensil like a fork is permissible if it’s used as an extension to one’s hand, meaning it’s used not to get one’s hands dirty or in order to pick up a liquid but it doesn’t help one separate any better than if one did it with one’s hands. Some Sephardic authorities permit under all circumstances.<ref>Rabbi Moshe Feinstein in Sh”t Igrot Moshe O"C 1:126, Brit Olam (Borer #28), Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:45, and [[Shabbos]] Kitchen permit using utensils when they are used as because one can't touch it with one's hand (because of manners or the food is hot) but when it's used to aid in separation, the utensils are forbidden. However, Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 3 pg 261) in name of [[Rabbi Ovadyah Yosef]], Menuchat Ahava (vol 2 7:7), and Sh"t Or Letzion (1:27 pg 68) permit it under all circumstances. Lastly, Rabbi Shlomo Amar in Sh"t Shema Shlomo 1:8 writes that it's preferable to be strict like the Igrot Moshe, however in cases of great need or if there's a doubt whether it's aiding the separation or it's for convenience, it's permissible. </ref> | ||
#Some say that using a peeler is an issue of using a tool designated for Borer.<ref>39 Melachos (v. 2, p. 404) citing the Eglei Tal</ref> | #Some say that using a peeler is an issue of using a tool designated for Borer.<ref>39 Melachos (v. 2, p. 404) citing the Eglei Tal</ref> | ||
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===Coffee Filters and French Press=== | ===Coffee Filters and French Press=== | ||
{{Using a French Press or Filter on Shabbat and Yom Tov}} | |||
==Clarification of the Third Condition: Immediate== | ==Clarification of the Third Condition: Immediate== | ||
#It is only permitted to separate with intent to eat the food immediately, while it’s forbidden to separate with intent to eat the food after some time even within the same day.<ref>Shulchan Aruch 319:2 rules that separating food in one’s hand for later in the day is considered like separating to store the food and one violates Borer Deoritta. </ref> | #It is only permitted to separate with intent to eat the food immediately, while it’s forbidden to separate with intent to eat the food after some time even within the same day.<ref>Shulchan Aruch 319:2 rules that separating food in one’s hand for later in the day is considered like separating to store the food and one violates Borer Deoritta. </ref> | ||
#Separating before a meal for the time it takes to prepare the meal is considered separating for immediate use. For example if it takes half an hour to prepare for the meal one may separate only within a half hour of the meal.<ref>Mishna Brurah 319:45 says that the borer must be done right next to the meal. Even though the Ben Ish Chai (Beshalach 1) writes that within a half hour of the meal is considered immediately before the meal, Sh”t Igrot Moshe 4:74 (Borer #13) holds that one only has the time it takes to prepare the meal prior to the meal. | #Separating before a meal for the time it takes to prepare the meal is considered separating for immediate use. For example if it takes half an hour to prepare for the meal one may separate only within a half hour of the meal.<ref>Mishna Brurah 319:45 says that the borer must be done right next to the meal. Even though the Ben Ish Chai (Beshalach 1) writes that within a half hour of the meal is considered immediately before the meal, Sh”t Igrot Moshe 4:74 (Borer #13) holds that one only has the time it takes to prepare the meal prior to the meal. Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:63, The 39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 3 pg 412), [[Shabbos]] Kitchen (pg 100), Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 3 pg 265 486), and Menuchat Ahava (vol 2 7:6) also concur. See [https://www.yutorah.org/sidebar/lecture.cfm/797572/rabbi-hershel-schachter/shiur-7-shabbos-borer/ Rav Hershel Schachter (Shabbos #7 min 26)] who sounds like that the primary opinion would also permit from Friday night after the meal to Shabbat lunch.</ref> One may not separate and then take a few minute break before the meal.<ref>The 39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 3, pg 412) </ref> | ||
#Separating right before a meal is permissible even if one will only eat the food later in meal which may be after several hours. However, separating to eat food after the meal or in another meal is forbidden.<ref>Mishna Brurah 319:5 writes that separating with intent to eat the food after the meal or in another meal is forbidden. </ref> | #Separating right before a meal is permissible even if one will only eat the food later in meal which may be after several hours. However, separating to eat food after the meal or in another meal is forbidden.<ref>Mishna Brurah 319:5 writes that separating with intent to eat the food after the meal or in another meal is forbidden. </ref> | ||
#Some say that the time limit for separating food from other food has a longer time period that separating food from waste, however, Ashkenazim shouldn’t rely on this, and Sephardim shouldn’t rely on this unless there’s a great need.<ref>Rambam ([[Shabbat]] 8:13) writes that one violates Borer if one separates for later in the day such as separating in the morning with intent to eat in the evening. Bet Yosef (319:1-3; Bet Yosef is the author of S”A) explains that the Rambam holds that by separating two foods (one that’s wanted and one unwanted) one is permitted to separate even if one will eat it in the next 3-4 hours, whereas separating a food from a refuse is permitted to only immediately prior to a meal. [Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 3 pg 278) quotes Rabbi Moshe Hershler’s notes to Ramban (note 158) who explains that by food and refuse, separating makes the food edible and that’s only permissible if one eats it immediately, however by two foods, separating is only forbidden as it sets aside two foods and that only is forbidden if it’s stored away for a long time.] | #Some say that the time limit for separating food from other food has a longer time period that separating food from waste, however, Ashkenazim shouldn’t rely on this, and Sephardim shouldn’t rely on this unless there’s a great need.<ref>Rambam ([[Shabbat]] 8:13) writes that one violates Borer if one separates for later in the day such as separating in the morning with intent to eat in the evening. Bet Yosef (319:1-3; Bet Yosef is the author of S”A) explains that the Rambam holds that by separating two foods (one that’s wanted and one unwanted) one is permitted to separate even if one will eat it in the next 3-4 hours, whereas separating a food from a refuse is permitted to only immediately prior to a meal. [Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 3 pg 278) quotes Rabbi Moshe Hershler’s notes to Ramban (note 158) who explains that by food and refuse, separating makes the food edible and that’s only permissible if one eats it immediately, however by two foods, separating is only forbidden as it sets aside two foods and that only is forbidden if it’s stored away for a long time.] Shulchan Aruch O.C. 319:1-3 uses the same language of the Rambam which implies that S”A holds of the distinction he made in the words of the Rambam. Machasit HaShekel 319:6 notes this. However, Beiur Halacha (319:3 s.v. SheBirer) quotes the Tosefet [[Shabbat]] and Maaseh Rokeach who argue on the distinction of the Bet Yosef and the language of the Rambam is just imprecise. This is also the opinion of the Mishna Brurah 319:16. However, Rama 319:1 rules that it is only permitted to separate right before a meal, seemingly making no difference whether it’s separating between food and refuse or between two foods. Machasit HaShekel 319:6 (in explanation of Rama) agrees. Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 3 pg 278) brings two opinions on this issue and even though that in the footnote it sounds like it’s permissible because of a Sfek Safeka, he concludes by leaving it unresolved. </ref> | ||
#If one separated in order to eat immediately and then changed his mind and decided not to eat, some say that he violated Borer, while others say it’s permissible after the fact, therefore one should avoid such a situation.<ref>Shaar HaTziyun 319:5 quotes the Pri Megadim who says that after the fact the food is permitted if one had in mind to eat it immediately even if one changes his mind afterwards. Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 3 pg 272) brings this as a doubt and says that one should avoid such a situation. </ref> | #If one separated in order to eat immediately and then changed his mind and decided not to eat, some say that he violated Borer, while others say it’s permissible after the fact, therefore one should avoid such a situation.<ref>Shaar HaTziyun 319:5 quotes the Pri Megadim who says that after the fact the food is permitted if one had in mind to eat it immediately even if one changes his mind afterwards. Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 3 pg 272) brings this as a doubt and says that one should avoid such a situation. </ref> | ||
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==Separating non-food items== | ==Separating non-food items== | ||
#It’s forbidden to separate a mixture of non-food items such as | #It’s forbidden to separate a mixture of non-food items such as clothing or vessels.<ref>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 80:17, Mishna Brurah 319:15, Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:1, [[Shabbos]] Kitchen pg 86, 39 Melachos (vol 2, pg 382), and Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 3 pg 327). See the Aruch HaShulchan 319:7 who is lenient. </ref>According to Sephardim some say that one may be lenient.<ref>[http://www.dailyhalacha.com/displayRead.asp?readID=365 Rabbi Mansour] on Dailyhalacha.com writes that it's permissible for Sephardim to sort silverware on [[Shabbat]]. Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]], vol 3, pg 330 and 490) and Sh"t Yabia Omer 5:31 is lenient in certain cases.</ref> | ||
#One may not select clothes from the cabinet except right before using them, however, it’d be forbidden to take them out of the closet at night for the next morning.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:68. See, however, 39 Melachos (vol 2, pg 388) who writes that clothes in a closet is not considered a mixture. </ref> | #One may not select clothes from the cabinet except right before using them, however, it’d be forbidden to take them out of the closet at night for the next morning.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:68. See, however, 39 Melachos (vol 2, pg 388) who writes that clothes in a closet is not considered a mixture. </ref> | ||
#One shouldn’t remove a book from a bookcase except right before one plans on reading it. It’s permissible to remove the book, read a little in it immediately and leave it for later.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:69 </ref> | #One shouldn’t remove a book from a bookcase except right before one plans on reading it. It’s permissible to remove the book, read a little in it immediately and leave it for later.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:69 </ref> | ||
