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Borer: Difference between revisions
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* The Gemara (74a) cites a cryptic Braisa, which seems self-contradictory: the Braisa first permits selecting from a food mixture and then rules that doing so is forbidden by Torah law. The Gemara suggests five ways to reconcile the Braisa, three of which remain relevant. First, one may select from a food mixture by hand but it is forbidden by Torah law to select using a specialized sorting instrument such as a sieve. Second, one may select from a food mixture as long as one takes the Ochel (food) from the Psoles (non-food) but it is forbidden by Torah law to select the Psoles from the Ochel. Third, one may select from a food mixture for purposes of immediate consumption but selecting and then putting aside for future use is forbidden by Torah law. * Rabbeinu Chananel (74a-b) understands that the three answers of the Gemara do not disagree; in order to avoid Borer one must fulfill all three conditions by separating the Ochel from the Psoles by hand for immediate use. While the halacha follows Rabbeinu Chananel, since Shulchan Aruch 317:1 agrees with him, it is interesting to note that not all rishonim agree. | * The Gemara (74a) cites a cryptic Braisa, which seems self-contradictory: the Braisa first permits selecting from a food mixture and then rules that doing so is forbidden by Torah law. The Gemara suggests five ways to reconcile the Braisa, three of which remain relevant. First, one may select from a food mixture by hand but it is forbidden by Torah law to select using a specialized sorting instrument such as a sieve. Second, one may select from a food mixture as long as one takes the Ochel (food) from the Psoles (non-food) but it is forbidden by Torah law to select the Psoles from the Ochel. Third, one may select from a food mixture for purposes of immediate consumption but selecting and then putting aside for future use is forbidden by Torah law. * Rabbeinu Chananel (74a-b) understands that the three answers of the Gemara do not disagree; in order to avoid Borer one must fulfill all three conditions by separating the Ochel from the Psoles by hand for immediate use. While the halacha follows Rabbeinu Chananel, since Shulchan Aruch 317:1 agrees with him, it is interesting to note that not all rishonim agree. | ||
* For instance, Rashi 75a s.v. vehatanya holds that as long as a person does the separation immediately before eating it is permitted. Rashi’s opinion seems to be that the primary requirement is that perform an action as part of the process of eating. In any event, Tosfot 75a s.v. vahatanya disagrees with Rashi’s approach and seems to require at least that the selection be for immediate consumption as well done with one’s hand. Perhaps Tosfot believes it is only permitted to separate foods if it is significantly different from the way that a person would separate for storage. </ref> | * For instance, Rashi 75a s.v. vehatanya holds that as long as a person does the separation immediately before eating it is permitted. Rashi’s opinion seems to be that the primary requirement is that perform an action as part of the process of eating. In any event, Tosfot 75a s.v. vahatanya disagrees with Rashi’s approach and seems to require at least that the selection be for immediate consumption as well done with one’s hand. Perhaps Tosfot believes it is only permitted to separate foods if it is significantly different from the way that a person would separate for storage. </ref> | ||
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#Taking a particular bencher from a pile is considered Borer unless it fulfills the requirements of taking the food from refuse for immediate use with one’s hand. <Ref> [[Shabbos]] Kitchen pg 87 </ref> | #Taking a particular bencher from a pile is considered Borer unless it fulfills the requirements of taking the food from refuse for immediate use with one’s hand. <Ref> [[Shabbos]] Kitchen pg 87 </ref> | ||
===Filtering tap water on Shabbat=== | ===Filtering tap water on Shabbat=== | ||
# If the tap water is drinkable without filtering it is permissible to filter it on [[Shabbat]]. <ref> | # If the tap water is drinkable without filtering it is permissible to filter it on [[Shabbat]].<ref> Shulchan Aruch O.C. 319:10, Mishna Brurah 319:34, Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 3:56 (in new editions 3:60), Chazon Ish 53 s.v. VeIm, 39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 3 pg 520) </ref> Those who hold that one should not drink New York tap water because of copepods, according to many poskim, may nonetheless filter the water on [[Shabbat]] with a sink filter that is built in.<ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 3:60 writes that if people don’t drink the water in a certain place because of bugs one shouldn’t use a filter, however, one may drink directly from the faucet without a cup. | ||
* However, Rav Hershel Schachter on “Kashrus of Bugs” on OU Kosher Tidbits (www.ouradio.org, min 39-45) permits using a filter for NY tap water on [[Shabbat]] based on 4 reasons: (1) The bugs might be considered kosher (see S”A YD 84:16) (2) The amount of bugs in the water varies at different times of the day and may not require checking (See RJJ vol 49, pg 34, by David Shabtai) (3) The bugs aren’t necessarily waste since non-Jews eat it and it’s only halacha that prevents us (Chaye Adam in Nishmat Adam 16:5) (4) The filter is built in and automatically filters all the water even that which is for non-drinking purposes (Minchat Yitzchak 7:23). Rav Doniel Nuestadt (Yeshurun vol 17, pg 535) discusses the last two reasons at length and argues that the third reason is a dispute in the rishonim. See Rav Belsky in Shulchan HaLevi 12 who writes that he holds the NY tap water is kosher, however, one who holds it needs filtering may not filter it on [[Shabbat]] and disagrees with the third argument. </ref> | * However, Rav Hershel Schachter on “Kashrus of Bugs” on OU Kosher Tidbits (www.ouradio.org, min 39-45) permits using a filter for NY tap water on [[Shabbat]] based on 4 reasons: (1) The bugs might be considered kosher (see S”A YD 84:16) (2) The amount of bugs in the water varies at different times of the day and may not require checking (See RJJ vol 49, pg 34, by David Shabtai) (3) The bugs aren’t necessarily waste since non-Jews eat it and it’s only halacha that prevents us (Chaye Adam in Nishmat Adam 16:5) (4) The sink filter is built in and automatically filters all the water even that which is for non-drinking purposes (Minchat Yitzchak 7:23; this would not apply to a filtered pitcher used for drinking). Rav Doniel Nuestadt (Yeshurun vol 17, pg 535) discusses the last two reasons at length and argues that the third reason is a dispute in the rishonim. See Rav Belsky in Shulchan HaLevi 12 who writes that he holds the NY tap water is kosher, however, one who holds it needs filtering may not filter it on [[Shabbat]] and disagrees with the third argument. </ref> | ||
===Cluster of grapes=== | ===Cluster of grapes=== | ||
# If there are rotten grapes among good grapes, one should eat the good grapes and leave the rotten ones and not remove the rotten ones to make the cluster presentable for guests.<ref>Chazon Ovadyah (vol 4, pg 179) arguing on Menuchat Ahava (vol 2, 231) </ref> | # If there are rotten grapes among good grapes, one should eat the good grapes and leave the rotten ones and not remove the rotten ones to make the cluster presentable for guests.<ref>Chazon Ovadyah (vol 4, pg 179) arguing on Menuchat Ahava (vol 2, 231) </ref> | ||
