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Borer: Difference between revisions
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## Separating refuse from food is a violation of Borer. Even if one takes the food with one’s hands with intent to eat the food immediately, one still violates Borer on a Deoritta level. <Ref> Mishna Brurah (319 introduction). </ref> | ## Separating refuse from food is a violation of Borer. Even if one takes the food with one’s hands with intent to eat the food immediately, one still violates Borer on a Deoritta level. <Ref> Mishna Brurah (319 introduction). </ref> | ||
## Separating with a vessel used for separating such as a strainer or a sieve is a violation of Borer. Even if one takes the food from the refuse for immediate use, nonetheless, one violates Borer on a Deoritta level. <Ref> Mishna Brurah (319 introduction). </ref> | ## Separating with a vessel used for separating such as a strainer or a sieve is a violation of Borer. Even if one takes the food from the refuse for immediate use, nonetheless, one violates Borer on a Deoritta level. <Ref> Mishna Brurah (319 introduction). </ref> | ||
## Separating to eat the food after some time. Even if one separates with one’s hands the food from the refuse, one still violates Borer on a Deoritta level. <Ref> Mishna Brurah (319 introduction). </ref> | ## Separating to eat the food after some time. Even if one separates with one’s hands the food from the refuse, one still violates Borer on a Deoritta level. <Ref> Mishna Brurah (319 introduction). <br /> | ||
* The Gemara (74a) cites a cryptic Braisa, which seems self-contradictory: the Braisa first permits selecting from a food mixture and then rules that doing so is forbidden by Torah law. The Gemara suggests five ways to reconcile the Braisa, three of which remain relevant. First, one may select from a food mixture by hand but it is forbidden by Torah law to select using a specialized sorting instrument such as a sieve. Second, one may select from a food mixture as long as one takes the Ochel (food) from the Psoles (non-food) but it is forbidden by Torah law to select the Psoles from the Ochel. Third, one may select from a food mixture for purposes of immediate consumption but selecting and then putting aside for future use is forbidden by Torah law. * Rabbeinu Chananel (74a-b) understands that the three answers of the Gemara do not disagree; in order to avoid Borer one must fulfill all three conditions by separating the Ochel from the Psoles by hand for immediate use. While the halacha follows Rabbeinu Chananel, since Shulchan Aruch 317:1 agrees with him, it is interesting to note that not all rishonim agree. | |||
* For instance, Rashi 75a s.v. vehatanya holds that as long as a person does the separation immediately before eating it is permitted. Rashi’s opinion seems to be that the primary requirement is that perform an action as part of the process of eating. In any event, Tosfot 75a s.v. vahatanya disagrees with Rashi’s approach and seems to require at least that the selection be for immediate consumption as well done with one’s hand. Perhaps Tosfot believes it is only permitted to separate foods if it is significantly different from the way that a person would separate for storage. </ref> | |||
==In the Mishkan== | |||
# In the construction of the Mishkan, Borer was performed as part of the process of manufacturing dyes. <ref> Rashi 73a s.v. Haofeh </ref>; after the dye plants were threshed, any impurities that could not be removed by winnowing, such as rocks and pebbles were hand-selected out of the mixture. <ref> Rambam Peirush Hamishnayos 7:2, Rashi 73a s.v. Haborer </ref> | |||
==Separating for other people== | ==Separating for other people== | ||
# One is permitted to separate for other people as long as one does it for immediate use, with one’s hand, and food from the refuse. <Ref> Rama 319:1 writes that it’s permissible to separate for others to eat. Mishna Brurah 319:6 clarifies that it’s permissible even if one is preparing for others but he himself isn’t eating from the food that was separated. </ref> | # One is permitted to separate for other people as long as one does it for immediate use, with one’s hand, and food from the refuse. <Ref> Rama 319:1 writes that it’s permissible to separate for others to eat. Mishna Brurah 319:6 clarifies that it’s permissible even if one is preparing for others but he himself isn’t eating from the food that was separated. </ref> | ||
# One is permitted to separate for guests (or peel fruits) enough food that it should be presentable even if one knows that not all of the food will be eaten. <Ref> Sh”t Rav | # One is permitted to separate for guests (or peel fruits) enough food that it should be presentable even if one knows that not all of the food will be eaten. <Ref> Sh”t Rav Pealim 1:12 writes that it’s logical that it’s permissible to separate food to fill a plate or basket for guests even if the guests won’t eat all the food because one is separating for an immediate purpose of serving the guests respectfully. This is also the opinion of Ben Ish Chai (Beshalach 3), Or Letzion (vol 2 chap 31:3), and Shemirat [[Shabbat]] Kehilchata (chap 3:40 note 115) in name of Rav Shlomo Zalman. </ref> | ||
# It’s permitted to separate for animals as long as it’s for immediate use, with one’s hand, and one separates the food from the refuse. <Ref> Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 3:7 </ref> | # It’s permitted to separate for animals as long as it’s for immediate use, with one’s hand, and one separates the food from the refuse. <Ref> Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 3:7 </ref> | ||
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# One may not strain fruit juice from pulp (the fruit’s flesh) if either most people in the world are particular to have juice strained or the particular person straining it is particular. <Ref> Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 3:53 </ref> | # One may not strain fruit juice from pulp (the fruit’s flesh) if either most people in the world are particular to have juice strained or the particular person straining it is particular. <Ref> Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 3:53 </ref> | ||
# One may wash off grapes if one is only doing so for cleanliness, however, one may not do so if one's intention is to remove some unwanted substance it is forbidden. <Ref>Sh"t Shevet HaLevi 1:52(2)</ref> | # One may wash off grapes if one is only doing so for cleanliness, however, one may not do so if one's intention is to remove some unwanted substance it is forbidden. <Ref>Sh"t Shevet HaLevi 1:52(2)</ref> | ||
==Related Pages== | |||
[http://halachipedia.com/documents/5772/11.pdf Halachipedia Article on Practical Cases of Borer] | |||
==Links== | |||
* [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/717331/Rabbi_Shalom_Rosner/The_Shabbos_Kitchen:_Borer The Shabbos Kitchen: Borer] by Rabbi Shalom Rosner | |||
* [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/810001/Rabbi_Zvi_Sobolofsky/Borer Borer] by Rabbi Zvi Sobolofsky | |||
==Sources== | ==Sources== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
[[Category:Shabbat]] | [[Category:Shabbat]] | ||
