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Borer: Difference between revisions
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* Iglai Tal #6 writes that the Taz’s leniency only allows you to do it right before the eating. [[Shabbos]] Kitchen argues that it should be permitted even for storing away. Menuchat Ahava 7:11 agrees. See Sh”t [[Tefillah]] lemoshe 1:49(9) who argues on the Chazon Ish.</ref> Nonetheless, one should make sure that one remove a substantial amount of good together with the bad. <ref> The 39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 3 pg 421) </ref> | * Iglai Tal #6 writes that the Taz’s leniency only allows you to do it right before the eating. [[Shabbos]] Kitchen argues that it should be permitted even for storing away. Menuchat Ahava 7:11 agrees. See Sh”t [[Tefillah]] lemoshe 1:49(9) who argues on the Chazon Ish.</ref> Nonetheless, one should make sure that one remove a substantial amount of good together with the bad. <ref> The 39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 3 pg 421) </ref> | ||
# If one has food in one’s mouth one may remove what you want from what you don’t want. <Ref> Igrot Moshe O”C 4:74 Borer 7, Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 3:11, and [[Shabbos]] Kitchen (pg 103) </ref> | # If one has food in one’s mouth one may remove what you want from what you don’t want. <Ref> Igrot Moshe O”C 4:74 Borer 7, Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 3:11, and [[Shabbos]] Kitchen (pg 103) </ref> | ||
# If a food has a peel that covers it entirely one may remove the part that’s unwanted (peel) from the part that’s desired (fruit), however this action must be done right before the meal and with one's hand. <Ref> S”A 321:19, | # If a food has a peel that covers it entirely one may remove the part that’s unwanted (peel) from the part that’s desired (fruit), however this action must be done right before the meal and with one's hand. <Ref> S”A 321:19, Beiur Halacha 321:19 D”H LeKlof, Menuchat Ahava (vol 2 7:11), and Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 3:29 </ref> | ||
# Where it’s impossible to separate the food from the waste it’s permissible to take out the waste. For example, one who cuts open a cantaloupe may scoop out the seeds and leave the fruit. <Ref>[[Shabbos]] Kitchen (pg 103) in name of Rav Scheinberg </ref> | # Where it’s impossible to separate the food from the waste it’s permissible to take out the waste. For example, one who cuts open a cantaloupe may scoop out the seeds and leave the fruit. <Ref>[[Shabbos]] Kitchen (pg 103) in name of Rav Scheinberg </ref> | ||
====Taking refuse from the food==== | ====Taking refuse from the food==== | ||
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# For example, if almonds and walnuts are mixed, and one only intends to eat the almonds, one may take the almonds from the mixture but not the walnuts. <Ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 3:3 </ref> | # For example, if almonds and walnuts are mixed, and one only intends to eat the almonds, one may take the almonds from the mixture but not the walnuts. <Ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 3:3 </ref> | ||
====Separating two foods to be used for later==== | ====Separating two foods to be used for later==== | ||
# If there’s two foods (meaning both are desired for use) there’s a dispute whether one is allowed to separate for later use, Ashkenazim should be strict and Sephardim may be lenient. <Ref> The Pri Megadim (M”Z 319:2) writes that there’s a logic to permit separating two foods if one will eat both but just after some time since in this case there’s no food being taken from refuse, and concludes with a Tzarich Iyun. However, the Mishna Brurah (319:12, | # If there’s two foods (meaning both are desired for use) there’s a dispute whether one is allowed to separate for later use, Ashkenazim should be strict and Sephardim may be lenient. <Ref> The Pri Megadim (M”Z 319:2) writes that there’s a logic to permit separating two foods if one will eat both but just after some time since in this case there’s no food being taken from refuse, and concludes with a Tzarich Iyun. However, the Mishna Brurah (319:12, Beiur Halacha 319:3 D”H Hayu) based on Tosafot [[Shabbat]] 74a d"h "hay lifanav shnei mini ochlin" argues that it’s a definite violation of Borer to separate the two foods. Or Letzion (vol 2 chap 31 note 4), Menuchat Ahava, and [[Shabbos]] Kitchen (84) rule like Mishna Brurah. Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 3 pg 279; see Sh”t Yabia Omer 5:31:5) brings two opinions and leaves it as a doubt. Sh”t Maharshag 1:54 also leaves this question in doubt. </ref> | ||
# It’s permissible to separate a food that’s not desired now but desired for later in the same meal from another food that’s desired right now. <Ref> [[Shabbos]] Kitchen (pg 103), Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 3:65 </ref> | # It’s permissible to separate a food that’s not desired now but desired for later in the same meal from another food that’s desired right now. <Ref> [[Shabbos]] Kitchen (pg 103), Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 3:65 </ref> | ||
===Examples=== | ===Examples=== | ||
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# Separating before a meal for the time it takes to prepare the meal is considered separating for immediate use. For example if it takes one a half hour to prepare for the meal one may separate only within a half hour of the meal. <Ref> Mishna Brurah 319:45 says that the borer must be done right next to the meal. Even though the Ben Ish Chai (Beshalach 1) writes that within a half hour of the meal is considered immediately before the meal, Sh”t Igrot Moshe 4:74 (Borer #13) holds that one only has the time it takes to prepare the meal prior to the meal. So writes the Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 3:63, The 39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 3 pg 412), [[Shabbos]] Kitchen (pg 100), Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 3 pg 265 486), and Menuchat Ahava (vol 2 7:6). </ref> One may not separate and then take a few minute break before the meal. <ref> The 39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 3, pg 412) </ref> | # Separating before a meal for the time it takes to prepare the meal is considered separating for immediate use. For example if it takes one a half hour to prepare for the meal one may separate only within a half hour of the meal. <Ref> Mishna Brurah 319:45 says that the borer must be done right next to the meal. Even though the Ben Ish Chai (Beshalach 1) writes that within a half hour of the meal is considered immediately before the meal, Sh”t Igrot Moshe 4:74 (Borer #13) holds that one only has the time it takes to prepare the meal prior to the meal. So writes the Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 3:63, The 39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 3 pg 412), [[Shabbos]] Kitchen (pg 100), Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 3 pg 265 486), and Menuchat Ahava (vol 2 7:6). </ref> One may not separate and then take a few minute break before the meal. <ref> The 39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 3, pg 412) </ref> | ||
# Separating right before a meal is permissible even if one will only eat the food later in meal which may be after several hours. However, separating to eat food after the meal or in another meal is forbidden. <Ref> Mishna Brurah 319:5 writes that separating with intent to eat the food after the meal or in another meal is forbidden. </ref> | # Separating right before a meal is permissible even if one will only eat the food later in meal which may be after several hours. However, separating to eat food after the meal or in another meal is forbidden. <Ref> Mishna Brurah 319:5 writes that separating with intent to eat the food after the meal or in another meal is forbidden. </ref> | ||
# Some say that the time limit for separating food from other food has a longer time period that separating food from waste, however, Ashkenazim shouldn’t rely on this, and Sephardim shouldn’t rely on this unless there’s a great need. <Ref>Rambam ([[Shabbat]] 8:13) writes that one violates Borer if one separates for later in the day such as separating in the morning with intent to eat in the evening. Bet Yosef (319:1-3; Bet Yosef is the author of S”A) explains that the Rambam holds that by separating two foods (one that’s wanted and one unwanted) one is permitted to separate even if one will eat it in the next 3-4 hours, whereas separating a food from a refuse is permitted to only immediately prior to a meal. [Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 3 pg 278) quotes Rabbi Moshe Hershler’s notes to Ramban (note 158) who explains that by food and refuse, separating makes the food edible and that’s only permissible if one eats it immediately, however by two foods, separating is only forbidden as it sets aside two foods and that only is forbidden if it’s stored away for a long time.] S”A 319:1-3 uses the same language of the Rambam which implies that S”A holds of the distinction he made in the words of the Rambam. So writes the Machasit HaShekel 319:6. However, | # Some say that the time limit for separating food from other food has a longer time period that separating food from waste, however, Ashkenazim shouldn’t rely on this, and Sephardim shouldn’t rely on this unless there’s a great need. <Ref>Rambam ([[Shabbat]] 8:13) writes that one violates Borer if one separates for later in the day such as separating in the morning with intent to eat in the evening. Bet Yosef (319:1-3; Bet Yosef is the author of S”A) explains that the Rambam holds that by separating two foods (one that’s wanted and one unwanted) one is permitted to separate even if one will eat it in the next 3-4 hours, whereas separating a food from a refuse is permitted to only immediately prior to a meal. [Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 3 pg 278) quotes Rabbi Moshe Hershler’s notes to Ramban (note 158) who explains that by food and refuse, separating makes the food edible and that’s only permissible if one eats it immediately, however by two foods, separating is only forbidden as it sets aside two foods and that only is forbidden if it’s stored away for a long time.] S”A 319:1-3 uses the same language of the Rambam which implies that S”A holds of the distinction he made in the words of the Rambam. So writes the Machasit HaShekel 319:6. However, Beiur Halacha (319:3 D”H SheBirer) quotes the Tosefet [[Shabbat]] and Maaseh Rokeach who argue on the distinction of the Bet Yosef and the language of the Rambam is just imprecise. So rules the Mishna Brurah 319:16. However, Rama 319:1 rules that it is only permitted to separate right before a meal, seemingly making no difference whether it’s separating between food and refuse or between two foods. So writes the Machasit HaShekel 319:6 (in explanation of Rama). Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 3 pg 278) brings two opinions on this issue and even though that in the footnote it sounds like it’s permissible because of a Sfek Safeka, he concludes by leaving it unresolved. </ref> | ||
# If one separated in order to eat immediately and then changed his mind and decided not to eat, some say that he violated Borer, while others say it’s permissible after the fact, therefore one should avoid such a situation. <Ref> Shaar HaTziyun 319:5 quotes the Pri Megadim who says that after the fact the food is permitted if one had in mind to eat it immediately even if one changes his mind afterwards. Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 3 pg 272) brings this as a doubt and says that one should avoid such a situation. </ref> | # If one separated in order to eat immediately and then changed his mind and decided not to eat, some say that he violated Borer, while others say it’s permissible after the fact, therefore one should avoid such a situation. <Ref> Shaar HaTziyun 319:5 quotes the Pri Megadim who says that after the fact the food is permitted if one had in mind to eat it immediately even if one changes his mind afterwards. Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 3 pg 272) brings this as a doubt and says that one should avoid such a situation. </ref> | ||
