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Borer: Difference between revisions
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# One may remove a pit from a fruit whether the pit doesn’t come away from the fruit without taking away part of the fruit. For example, plums and peaches have pits that may be removed since when you remove the pit the flesh of the fruit comes with it. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:17 </ref> | # One may remove a pit from a fruit whether the pit doesn’t come away from the fruit without taking away part of the fruit. For example, plums and peaches have pits that may be removed since when you remove the pit the flesh of the fruit comes with it. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:17 </ref> | ||
# However, one may not take the pit of a fruit if the pit will come clean without any of the flesh of the fruit, rather one should open the fruit and have the pit drop out, or take the fruit off the pit (and not the reverse). Some permit the removal of the pit even from such fruits if it’s done right before eating. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:17 </ref> | # However, one may not take the pit of a fruit if the pit will come clean without any of the flesh of the fruit, rather one should open the fruit and have the pit drop out, or take the fruit off the pit (and not the reverse). Some permit the removal of the pit even from such fruits if it’s done right before eating. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:17 </ref> | ||
===Other examples=== | |||
# One must check lettuce to make sure that there’s no bugs on it. On Shabbat, one may remove a large insect such as a caterpillar, however it’s preferable to take it off with a piece of lettuce. However, a small insect may not be removed unless one takes a piece of the lettuce with it. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:36 </ref> | |||
# One should use a spoon to remove a teabag so that one doesn’t let the drips absorbed into the essence drip out of it and into the cup. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:58 </ref> | |||
# One may not remove peas from the pod as this violates the melacha of threshing unless the pod is also edible. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:32 </ref> | |||
# One may remove a grape from the bunch (or bananas from a bunch) as long as it’s done right before eating and the bunch is cut from the vine. Some are stringent regarding removing dates from the bunch. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:42 </ref> | |||
# In a fruit bowl, one may remove a grape sitting on top of a plum in order to eat the plum, however if the top grape is rotten, it’s forbidden to remove it, rather one may spill out the whole bowl and pick out the plum. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:41 </ref> | |||
# One may not strain fruit juice from pulp (the fruit’s flesh) if either most people in the world are particular to have juice strained or the particular person straining it is particular. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:53 </ref> | |||
# One may use a tap water filter attached to the sink. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:56 </ref> | |||
==Exceptions to the first requirement== | |||
# If one has food in one’s mouth one may remove what you want from what you don’t want. <Ref> Igrot Moshe O”C 4:74 Borer 7, Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:11, and Shabbat Kitchen (pg 103) </ref> | # If one has food in one’s mouth one may remove what you want from what you don’t want. <Ref> Igrot Moshe O”C 4:74 Borer 7, Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:11, and Shabbat Kitchen (pg 103) </ref> | ||
# If a food has a peel that covers it entirely one may remove the part that’s unwanted (peel) from the part that’s desired (fruit), however this action must be done right before the meal and with one's hand. <Ref> S”A 321:19, Biur Halacha 321:19 D”H LeKlof, Menuchat Ahava (vol 2 7:11), and Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:29 </ref> | # If a food has a peel that covers it entirely one may remove the part that’s unwanted (peel) from the part that’s desired (fruit), however this action must be done right before the meal and with one's hand. <Ref> S”A 321:19, Biur Halacha 321:19 D”H LeKlof, Menuchat Ahava (vol 2 7:11), and Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:29 </ref> | ||
# Where it’s immposible to sperate the food from the waste it’s permissible to take out the waste. For example, one who cuts open a cantaloupe may scoop out the seeds and leave the fruit. <Ref>Shabbat Kitchen (pg 103) in name of Rav Sheinburg </ref> | # Where it’s immposible to sperate the food from the waste it’s permissible to take out the waste. For example, one who cuts open a cantaloupe may scoop out the seeds and leave the fruit. <Ref>Shabbat Kitchen (pg 103) in name of Rav Sheinburg </ref> | ||
===Peeling=== | |||
# It is permissible to remove a inedible shell or peel from a food as long as it’s done by hand and immediately prior to eating. Examples include: | |||
* eggshells | |||
* onion peel | |||
* potato peel | |||
* banana peel | |||
* sausages peel | |||
* melon peel | |||
* peanut shell <ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:31,34 </ref> | |||
# It’s permissible to remove a sticker or label on challah, but one should be careful to take off some crust with it. <ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:31 </ref> | |||
# One may remove honeydew or other melon seeds which are concentrated in the center of the fruit if done right before eating. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:33 </ref> | |||
# A knife isn’t considered a vessel designated for borer and may be used to peel. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:31 </ref> | |||
# One may remove a stem from a fruit right before eating. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:35 </ref> | |||
# It’s permissible to crack a nut with a nutcracker. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:38 explains that a nutcracker just breaks the shell but doesn’t complete the separation. </ref> | |||
# If a candy wrapper got stuck to the candy, one should only remove the wrapper right before eating. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:39 </ref> | |||
==Clarification of the second requirement== | |||
# It’s forbidden to use a sieve or strainer. <Ref>S”A 319:1 </ref> | # It’s forbidden to use a sieve or strainer. <Ref>S”A 319:1 </ref> | ||
# A utensil like a fork is permissible if it’s used as an extension to one’s hand, meaning it’s used not to get one’s hands dirty but it doesn’t help one separate any better than if one did it with one’s hands. Some Sephardic authorities permit under all circumstances. <Ref> Rabbi Moshe Feinstein in Sh”t Igrot Moshe O"C 1:126, Brit Olam (Borer #28), and Shabbat Kitchen permit using utensils when they are used as because one can't touch it with one's hand (because of manners or the food is hot) but when it's used to aid in seperation, the utensils are forbidden. However, Yalkut Yosef (Shabbat vol 3 pg 261) in name of Rabbi Ovadyah Yosef, Menuchat Ahava (vol 2 7:7), and Sh"t Or Letzion (1:27 pg 68) permit it under all circumstances. Lastly, Rabbi Shlomo Amar in Sh"t Shema Shlomo 1:8 writes that it's preferable to be strict like the Igrot Moshe, however in cases of great need or if there's a doubt whether it's aidding the serperation or it's for conveince, it's permissible. </ref> | # A utensil like a fork is permissible if it’s used as an extension to one’s hand, meaning it’s used not to get one’s hands dirty but it doesn’t help one separate any better than if one did it with one’s hands. Some Sephardic authorities permit under all circumstances. <Ref> Rabbi Moshe Feinstein in Sh”t Igrot Moshe O"C 1:126, Brit Olam (Borer #28), and Shabbat Kitchen permit using utensils when they are used as because one can't touch it with one's hand (because of manners or the food is hot) but when it's used to aid in seperation, the utensils are forbidden. However, Yalkut Yosef (Shabbat vol 3 pg 261) in name of Rabbi Ovadyah Yosef, Menuchat Ahava (vol 2 7:7), and Sh"t Or Letzion (1:27 pg 68) permit it under all circumstances. Lastly, Rabbi Shlomo Amar in Sh"t Shema Shlomo 1:8 writes that it's preferable to be strict like the Igrot Moshe, however in cases of great need or if there's a doubt whether it's aidding the serperation or it's for conveince, it's permissible. </ref> | ||
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==Separating for others== | ==Separating for others== | ||
# One is permitted to separate for others as long as one does it for immediate use, with one’s hand, and food from the refuse. <Ref> Rama 319:1 writes that it’s permissible to separate for others to eat. Mishna Brurah 319:6 clarifies that it’s permissible even if one is preparing for others but he himself isn’t eating from the food that was separated. </ref> | # One is permitted to separate for others as long as one does it for immediate use, with one’s hand, and food from the refuse. <Ref> Rama 319:1 writes that it’s permissible to separate for others to eat. Mishna Brurah 319:6 clarifies that it’s permissible even if one is preparing for others but he himself isn’t eating from the food that was separated. </ref> | ||
# One is permitted to separate for guests (or peel fruits) enough food that it should be presentable even if one knows that not all of the food will be eaten. <Ref> Sh”t Rav Poalim 1:12 writes that it’s logical that it’s permissible to separate food to fill a plate or basket for guests even if the guests won’t eat all the food because one is separating for an immediate purpose of serving the guests respectfully. So rules Ben Ish Chai (Beshalach 3), Or Letzion (vol 2 chap 31:3), and Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata (chap 3 note 115) in name of Rav Shlomo Zalman. </ref> | # One is permitted to separate for guests (or peel fruits) enough food that it should be presentable even if one knows that not all of the food will be eaten. <Ref> Sh”t Rav Poalim 1:12 writes that it’s logical that it’s permissible to separate food to fill a plate or basket for guests even if the guests won’t eat all the food because one is separating for an immediate purpose of serving the guests respectfully. So rules Ben Ish Chai (Beshalach 3), Or Letzion (vol 2 chap 31:3), and Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata (chap 3:40 note 115) in name of Rav Shlomo Zalman. </ref> | ||
# It’s permitted to separate for animals as long as it’s for immediate use, with one’s hand, and one separates the food from the refuse. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:7 </ref> | # It’s permitted to separate for animals as long as it’s for immediate use, with one’s hand, and one separates the food from the refuse. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:7 </ref> | ||
==Separating non-food items== | ==Separating non-food items== | ||
# It’s forbidden to separate any mixture of items even non-food such as clothes or vessels. <Ref> Mishna Brurah 319:15, Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:1, Shabbat Kitchen pg 86, and Yalkut Yosef (Shabbat vol 3 pg 327). See the Aruch HaShulchan 319:7 who is lenient. </ref> | # It’s forbidden to separate any mixture of items even non-food such as clothes or vessels. <Ref> Mishna Brurah 319:15, Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:1, Shabbat Kitchen pg 86, and Yalkut Yosef (Shabbat vol 3 pg 327). See the Aruch HaShulchan 319:7 who is lenient. </ref> | ||
# One may not select clothes from the cabinet except right before using them, however, it’d be forbidden to take them out of the closet at night for the next morning. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:68 </ref> | |||
#One shouldn’t remove a book from a bookcase except right before one plans on reading it. It’s permissible to remove the book, read a little in it immediately and leave it for later. <Ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:69 </ref> | |||
# A selection may be made prior to immediate use only if the immediate use is the primary purpose of that object. For example, one may not sort different mixed foods before storing them in the refrigerator as storing food is the primary use of food. Similarly, one may not remove the shell of an egg before continuing in the process of making egg salad if one doesn’t intend to eat the egg salad immediately after it’s made. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:71-3 </ref> | |||
# One may not remove a drink bottle from a refrigerator where the bottles are jumbled together except for immediate use of drinking (or taking it out to lose its chill and then drink). <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:74 </ref> | |||
# Ideally, one should eat all the food that was separated in preparation for the meal, however, if there are leftovers of food that was separated for the meal or one changed one’s mind not to eat, the food may be eaten later on Shabbat. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:75 </ref> | |||
# It’s forbidden to sort a mixed group of cutlery to put them into separate compartments. So too it’s forbidden to pick out items of a certain variety, dry them and then place them back in their compartment. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:78 </ref> | |||
# However, it is permitted to take one cutlery at a time, dry it and then place it in it’s compartment. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:78 </ref> | |||
# Certainly, it’s permissible to sort cutlery even from a mixture so that one can set the table for the meal that’s going to start immediately after sorting the cutlery. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:79 </ref> | |||
# Cutlery of different kind (knife, spoon, fork) and of different functions (cutlery for dairy and cutlery for meat, a serving spoon and a regular spoon) constitute a mixture. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:78,80 </ref> | |||
# One is forbidden from sorting a jumbled assortment of toys. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:83 </ref> | |||
# One may not organize a stack of papers in an order unless one intends on reading them immediately. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:84 </ref> | |||
===Putting books back on shelf=== | ===Putting books back on shelf=== | ||
# One is permitted to take one book at a time and return it to the shelf if one isn’t particular about which book one takes. However, one should not make a pile of books and put back the books even if one does it one by one. Lastly, it’s permitted to make a pile of books if one doesn’t return them to the shelf. <Ref> Or Letzion (vol 2 chap 31:4) writes that one may take a single book and return it to the shelf since one has no concern about which book he picks up. However, if one made a pile and now separates it one by one it’s forbidden because one is taking something wanted from others that are not wanted temporarily. Or Letzion concludes that it’s permitted to make a pile of books if one doesn’t return them to the shelf. Sh”T Yabea Omer 5:31 permtis returning the books to the shelfs in any fashion. </ref> | # One is permitted to take one book at a time and return it to the shelf if one isn’t particular about which book one takes. However, one should not make a pile of books and put back the books even if one does it one by one. Lastly, it’s permitted to make a pile of books if one doesn’t return them to the shelf. <Ref> Or Letzion (vol 2 chap 31:4) writes that one may take a single book and return it to the shelf since one has no concern about which book he picks up. However, if one made a pile and now separates it one by one it’s forbidden because one is taking something wanted from others that are not wanted temporarily. Or Letzion concludes that it’s permitted to make a pile of books if one doesn’t return them to the shelf. Sh”T Yabea Omer 5:31 permtis returning the books to the shelfs in any fashion. </ref> | ||
# One may not sort different books in a pile to put them back on the shelf, however, if one wishes to clear the table, one may pick up each book one at a time and place it on the shelf in it’s appropriate shelf. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 3:81 </ref> | |||
===Taking holy items out of garbage=== | ===Taking holy items out of garbage=== | ||
