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# A shtender which can have its height adjusted with a knob but isn't frequently adjusted, according to many poskim it is permitted to adjust the height on Shabbat, and according to others it is forbidden.<ref>Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach in Meor HaShabbat (v. 2 Letter 32:3) holds that it is permitted to adjust the height of a shtender with a knob which tightens and loosens, even if it is only infrequently adjusted, since the shtender is like covering and uncovering a pot, which was a utensil before and after the use. However, Minchat Yitzchak 9:38 disagrees since the shtender is only infrequently adjusted unlike a pot cover. See Dirshu (Mishna Brurah 313:45) and [http://ph.yhb.org.il/01-15-06/ Peninei Halacha Shabbat 15:6].</ref> | # A shtender which can have its height adjusted with a knob but isn't frequently adjusted, according to many poskim it is permitted to adjust the height on Shabbat, and according to others it is forbidden.<ref>Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach in Meor HaShabbat (v. 2 Letter 32:3) holds that it is permitted to adjust the height of a shtender with a knob which tightens and loosens, even if it is only infrequently adjusted, since the shtender is like covering and uncovering a pot, which was a utensil before and after the use. However, Minchat Yitzchak 9:38 disagrees since the shtender is only infrequently adjusted unlike a pot cover. See Dirshu (Mishna Brurah 313:45) and [http://ph.yhb.org.il/01-15-06/ Peninei Halacha Shabbat 15:6].</ref> | ||
# Making an earth vessel such as an oven or barrel before it is hardened in the kiln is a violation of Boneh. <ref>Rambam ([[Shabbat]] 10:13)</ref> | # Making an earth vessel such as an oven or barrel before it is hardened in the kiln is a violation of Boneh. <ref>Rambam ([[Shabbat]] 10:13)</ref> | ||
# One shouldn't untangle [[Tzitzit]] strings on [[Shabbat]] because this involves Tikkun Kli (fixing of a vessel). <ref>Shemirat | # One shouldn't untangle [[Tzitzit]] strings on [[Shabbat]] because this involves Tikkun Kli (fixing of a vessel). <ref>Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata 15:94</ref> | ||
# One shouldn't make a paper boat or paper hat by folding the paper since this involves creating a vessel. <ref>Shemirat | # One shouldn't make a paper boat or paper hat by folding the paper since this involves creating a vessel. <ref>Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata 16:21</ref> | ||
# One may fold a napkin regularly, but one shouldn't fold it in a special shape, such as is normally done in honor of guests. <ref>Shemirat | # One may fold a napkin regularly, but one shouldn't fold it in a special shape, such as is normally done in honor of guests. <ref>Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata 28:17</ref> | ||
==In the Mishkan== | ==In the Mishkan== | ||
# The melacha of Boneh was done in the Mishkan when they placed the kerashim, the planks that made up the walls, into their sockets.<ref> Yerushalmi Shabbos, 7th and 12th Perek </ref> | # The melacha of Boneh was done in the Mishkan when they placed the kerashim, the planks that made up the walls, into their sockets.<ref> Yerushalmi Shabbos, 7th and 12th Perek </ref> | ||
==Building a Tent== | ==Building a Tent== | ||
# It is forbidden to set up the roof of a tent, permanent or temporary, on [[Shabbat]], even if one there are no walls. Additionally, it’s forbidden to add onto a tent structure, however, a temporary addition to an existing structure is permitted.<Ref>Shemirat | # It is forbidden to set up the roof of a tent, permanent or temporary, on [[Shabbat]], even if one there are no walls. Additionally, it’s forbidden to add onto a tent structure, however, a temporary addition to an existing structure is permitted.<Ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 24:1-2 </ref> | ||
# It is forbidden to set up a tent out of blankets even if it is meant to be temporary.<Ref>Menuchat Ahava (vol 3, 23:8), Shemirat | # It is forbidden to set up a tent out of blankets even if it is meant to be temporary.<Ref>Menuchat Ahava (vol 3, 23:8), Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 24:1-2 </ref> | ||
===Adding an existing structure=== | ===Adding an existing structure=== | ||
# It’s permitted to make a temporary addition to an existing tent. Therefore, if there is a [[Tefach]] of roof already opened before [[Shabbat]] one may continue to add a temporary addition to that roof, but one should only add to the existing roof starting from the side which is already roofed. <Ref>Shemirat | # It’s permitted to make a temporary addition to an existing tent. Therefore, if there is a [[Tefach]] of roof already opened before [[Shabbat]] one may continue to add a temporary addition to that roof, but one should only add to the existing roof starting from the side which is already roofed. <Ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 24:6 </ref> | ||
# One may not put a mat on top of polls or walls even if the mat is rolled up if there is a [[Tefach]] of width to the roll of the mat. Even if the rolled mat was put there before [[Shabbat]] one may not unroll it on [[Shabbat]], however, if a [[Tefach]] of the mat was already unrolled then it is permitted to continue to unroll it on [[Shabbat]]. <ref>Shemirat | # One may not put a mat on top of polls or walls even if the mat is rolled up if there is a [[Tefach]] of width to the roll of the mat. Even if the rolled mat was put there before [[Shabbat]] one may not unroll it on [[Shabbat]], however, if a [[Tefach]] of the mat was already unrolled then it is permitted to continue to unroll it on [[Shabbat]]. <ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 24:5, 7 </ref> | ||
===Roof Which is Attached=== | ===Roof Which is Attached=== | ||
# If a roof was attached before [[Shabbat]] with hinges or another permanent connection it is permitted to spread out that roof (which was attached) on [[Shabbat]].<Ref>Shemirat | # If a roof was attached before [[Shabbat]] with hinges or another permanent connection it is permitted to spread out that roof (which was attached) on [[Shabbat]].<Ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 24:13 </ref> | ||
{{Stroller Hood on Shabbat}} | {{Stroller Hood on Shabbat}} | ||
==Practical Examples of Building== | ==Practical Examples of Building== | ||
===Folding table=== | ===Folding table=== | ||
# It is permitted to open a folding table. <Ref>Shemirat | # It is permitted to open a folding table. <Ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 24:23 </ref> | ||
# It’s permitted to add a table leaf to extend a table on [[Shabbat]] (for temporary use), however, one should take it apart unless one needs the space on that [[Shabbat]]. <ref>Shemirat | # It’s permitted to add a table leaf to extend a table on [[Shabbat]] (for temporary use), however, one should take it apart unless one needs the space on that [[Shabbat]]. <ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 24:23, Practical Laws of [[Shabbat]] (Rabbi Rafeal Soae, vol 2, pg 146), Rivivot Ephraim 1:222:3. Chazon Ovadia (v. 5, p. 315) writes that it is permitted to add a leaf to a table and it doesn’t involve constructing an ohel, since part of the ohel was already in place (and it is temporary). </ref> | ||
# One should not remove a drawer from a table if there’s a depth of a [[Tefach]] in the drawer, however, it is permitted to remove a drawer from a dresser because even after removing the drawer there still remains a roofed structure in the dresser. <Ref>Shemirat | # One should not remove a drawer from a table if there’s a depth of a [[Tefach]] in the drawer, however, it is permitted to remove a drawer from a dresser because even after removing the drawer there still remains a roofed structure in the dresser. <Ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 24:24 (and note 85) </ref> | ||
# It is permitted to spread a tablecloth even if it hangs over the side of the table. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 315:31, Shemirat | # It is permitted to spread a tablecloth even if it hangs over the side of the table. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 315:31, Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 24:25 </ref> | ||
===Umbrella=== | ===Umbrella=== | ||
# The Rabbis forbade opening and closing an umbrella on [[Shabbat]]. Furthermore, they forbade using an umbrella that’s already opened from before [[Shabbat]]. <Ref>Shemirat | # The Rabbis forbade opening and closing an umbrella on [[Shabbat]]. Furthermore, they forbade using an umbrella that’s already opened from before [[Shabbat]]. <Ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 24:15, Biur Halacha 315:7, Ben Ish Chai (second year Shemot #8), Noda Biyehuda 1:30, [https://www.dailyhalacha.com/Display.asp?ClipDate=3/25/2008 Rabbi Eli Mansour], Rivevot Ephraim 7:105 and 2:115:61. see however Chatam Sofer OC 72 who is lenient </ref> | ||
# An umbrella is [[muktzeh]] since it cannot be used <ref> Shemirat | # An umbrella is [[muktzeh]] since it cannot be used <ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 24:15 </ref> | ||
===Binoculars=== | ===Binoculars=== | ||
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It is permitted to cover or remove the cover on a pot on [[Shabbat]]. <ref>Yalkut Yosef (pg 506) </ref> Some say that one may not cover a pot which is larger than 40 seah. <Ref>Or Letzion (vol 2, chap 28:5) </ref> | It is permitted to cover or remove the cover on a pot on [[Shabbat]]. <ref>Yalkut Yosef (pg 506) </ref> Some say that one may not cover a pot which is larger than 40 seah. <Ref>Or Letzion (vol 2, chap 28:5) </ref> | ||
===Glasses=== | ===Glasses=== | ||
# Some poskim permit a glasses lenses to be replaced by a non-professional <ref>Yalkut Yosef (pg 512) </ref> while others forbid. <Ref>Shemirat | # Some poskim permit a glasses lenses to be replaced by a non-professional <ref>Yalkut Yosef (pg 512) </ref> while others forbid. <Ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 15:77 </ref> | ||
===Hanging up Pictures=== | ===Hanging up Pictures=== | ||
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===Watches=== | ===Watches=== | ||
# It is forbidden to wind a watch which has stopped working on [[Shabbat]]. <ref>Shemirat | # It is forbidden to wind a watch which has stopped working on [[Shabbat]]. <ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 28:19 </ref> Some say that one may wind it if it is still working. <ref> Yalkut Yosef (pg 512) </ref> | ||
===Shtender=== | ===Shtender=== | ||
# Some say that it is permitted to adjust the height of a shtender if (1) the parts aren’t held tightly and (2) the parts are frequently opened and closed (as is common which shtenders in shul). However, if the parts fit tightly or it isn’t opened and closed frequently (as is common which shtenders in a house) it’s forbidden. The pieces are considered held loosely if one isn’t considered if the parts move around where they are joined. <Ref>Or Letzion (vol 2, 27:3). Sh"t Minchat Yitzchak 9:38 prohibits in any event </ref> However, some poskim are lenient in all cases. <Ref>Yalkut Yosef (314, pg 504), Shulchan Shlomo 313:7, Sh”t Shevet HaLevi 6:32. </ref> | # Some say that it is permitted to adjust the height of a shtender if (1) the parts aren’t held tightly and (2) the parts are frequently opened and closed (as is common which shtenders in shul). However, if the parts fit tightly or it isn’t opened and closed frequently (as is common which shtenders in a house) it’s forbidden. The pieces are considered held loosely if one isn’t considered if the parts move around where they are joined. <Ref>Or Letzion (vol 2, 27:3). Sh"t Minchat Yitzchak 9:38 prohibits in any event </ref> However, some poskim are lenient in all cases. <Ref>Yalkut Yosef (314, pg 504), Shulchan Shlomo 313:7, Sh”t Shevet HaLevi 6:32. </ref> | ||
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===Sukkah Schlock=== | ===Sukkah Schlock=== | ||
# It is permitted to put a rainproof cover (like a plastic tarp) on top of the Sachach of a [[Sukkah]] on [[Yom Tov]] as long as it is clear that one is only doing so to protect the sukkah and also the covering is within 3 tefachim of the sachach. When putting on the cover one should be careful not to move the Sachach because it is [[Muktzeh]]. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 640:25, Shemirat | # It is permitted to put a rainproof cover (like a plastic tarp) on top of the Sachach of a [[Sukkah]] on [[Yom Tov]] as long as it is clear that one is only doing so to protect the sukkah and also the covering is within 3 tefachim of the sachach. When putting on the cover one should be careful not to move the Sachach because it is [[Muktzeh]]. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 640:25, Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 24:12 </ref> | ||
===Mosquito Net=== | ===Mosquito Net=== | ||
# Spreading over a mosquito net is different, and would be prohibited according to all Poskim unless it was spread out a the required 3.75 inches prior to [[Shabbos]].<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 24:9, Shevet Halevi 3:54</ref> | # Spreading over a mosquito net is different, and would be prohibited according to all Poskim unless it was spread out a the required 3.75 inches prior to [[Shabbos]].<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 24:9, Shevet Halevi 3:54</ref> | ||
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==Building a wall== | ==Building a wall== | ||
# It’s forbidden to build a permanent wall which means that it is meant to last a few days. <Ref>Shemirat | # It’s forbidden to build a permanent wall which means that it is meant to last a few days. <Ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 24:26 </ref> | ||
# It is permitted to erect a temporary wall even to protect from the sun or wind; for example it’s permitted to set up temporary walls around a sick person’s bed <Ref>Shemirat | # It is permitted to erect a temporary wall even to protect from the sun or wind; for example it’s permitted to set up temporary walls around a sick person’s bed <Ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 24:27 </ref> | ||
# It’s permitted to place a cloth in place of a broken window, but one may not use nails or thumbtacks. <Ref>Shemirat | # It’s permitted to place a cloth in place of a broken window, but one may not use nails or thumbtacks. <Ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 24:27 </ref> | ||
# It’s permitted to set up a Parochet (curtain) in front of the Aron in Shul on [[Shabbat]] as long as it doesn’t have a width of a [[Tefach]] as a roof. Some only permit if there are doors besides the curtain while others forbid unless there are doors. <Ref>Rama 315:1, Mishna Brurah 315:7 </ref> If it is a large Parochet it should only be put up by two people so that it doesn’t fold over and form a tent on [[Shabbat]]. <ref>S”A 315:12, Mishna Brurah 315:8 </ref> | # It’s permitted to set up a Parochet (curtain) in front of the Aron in Shul on [[Shabbat]] as long as it doesn’t have a width of a [[Tefach]] as a roof. Some only permit if there are doors besides the curtain while others forbid unless there are doors. <Ref>Rama 315:1, Mishna Brurah 315:7 </ref> If it is a large Parochet it should only be put up by two people so that it doesn’t fold over and form a tent on [[Shabbat]]. <ref>S”A 315:12, Mishna Brurah 315:8 </ref> | ||
===Curtains=== | ===Curtains=== | ||
# It’s permitted to set up a curtain in place of a door even if it’s attached at the bottom and top only if it is meant to be set up temporarily (less than a few days). <Ref>Shemirat | # It’s permitted to set up a curtain in place of a door even if it’s attached at the bottom and top only if it is meant to be set up temporarily (less than a few days). <Ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 24:27 </ref> | ||
# Some permit setting up a curtain even for many days (permanently) if it is only attached at the top and not the bottom. However, others hold that this is biblically forbidden. Even according to those who permit when put up a large curtain one must make sure to put it up with two people so that it doesn’t fold over while trying to put it up and when it folds over it will form a tent on [[Shabbat]]. <Ref>Shemirat | # Some permit setting up a curtain even for many days (permanently) if it is only attached at the top and not the bottom. However, others hold that this is biblically forbidden. Even according to those who permit when put up a large curtain one must make sure to put it up with two people so that it doesn’t fold over while trying to put it up and when it folds over it will form a tent on [[Shabbat]]. <Ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 24:28 quotes the opinion of the Rama 315:1 and Mishna Brurah 315:6 as being lenient against the Chazon Ish 52:13 who is strict, but don’t resolve or take a side in the dispute. The Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata insists on putting it up with two people based on the S”A 315:12 </ref> | ||
# Setting up a curtain in place of a window is the same as a door (if it’s temporary it’s permitted, if it’s permanent some permit if one only attaches it at the top while others forbid.) <ref>Shemirat | # Setting up a curtain in place of a window is the same as a door (if it’s temporary it’s permitted, if it’s permanent some permit if one only attaches it at the top while others forbid.) <ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 24:29 </ref> | ||
==Links== | ==Links== | ||
