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Boneh: Difference between revisions
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The basic definition of Boneh is creating or assembling any kind of structure. In order to be culpable for Boneh, one need not even build the entire structure; even contributing to the building process can be enough to be culpable. The classic example of the av melacha of Boneh would be the construction of a permanent structure, like a house.<ref> Rav Eli Baruch Shulman highlighted a Rashi in Beitzah, 11b (s.v. d’ein binyan b’keilim) that says the reason that there is no binyan by keilim (according to Beis Hillel) is because Boneh applies only to binyan batim. </ref> The amount of Boneh that one must do to be culpable is any amount.<ref> Mishnah, Shabbos 102b. The Gemara says this is learned from the Mishkan where they would fill up wormholes in the kerashim with melted lead. </ref> | The basic definition of Boneh is creating or assembling any kind of structure. In order to be culpable for Boneh, one need not even build the entire structure; even contributing to the building process can be enough to be culpable. The classic example of the av melacha of Boneh would be the construction of a permanent structure, like a house.<ref> Rav Eli Baruch Shulman highlighted a Rashi in Beitzah, 11b (s.v. d’ein binyan b’keilim) that says the reason that there is no binyan by keilim (according to Beis Hillel) is because Boneh applies only to binyan batim. </ref> The amount of Boneh that one must do to be culpable is any amount.<ref> Mishnah, Shabbos 102b. The Gemara says this is learned from the Mishkan where they would fill up wormholes in the kerashim with melted lead. </ref> | ||
=== Two Primary Principles of Boneh === | === Two Primary Principles of Boneh === | ||
# Creating a shelter ("asiat ohel") <ref>Rambam 7,6 This was done in the Mishkan when the walls and rooftops were assembled. </ref> | # Creating a shelter ("asiat ohel") <ref>Rambam 7,6 This was done in the Mishkan when the walls and rooftops were assembled. </ref> | ||
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==Practical Examples of Building== | ==Practical Examples of Building== | ||
==Folding table== | ===Folding table=== | ||
# It is permitted to open a folding table. <Ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 24:23 </ref> | # It is permitted to open a folding table. <Ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 24:23 </ref> | ||
# It’s permitted to add a table leaf to extend a table on [[Shabbat]] (for temporary use), however, one should take it apart unless one needs the space on that [[Shabbat]]. <ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 24:23, Practical Laws of [[Shabbat]] (Rabbi Rafeal Soae, vol 2, pg 146), Rivivot Ephraim 1:222:3. Chazon Ovadia (v. 5, p. 315) writes that it is permitted to add a leaf to a table and it doesn’t involve constructing an ohel, since part of the ohel was already in place (and it is temporary). </ref> | # It’s permitted to add a table leaf to extend a table on [[Shabbat]] (for temporary use), however, one should take it apart unless one needs the space on that [[Shabbat]]. <ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 24:23, Practical Laws of [[Shabbat]] (Rabbi Rafeal Soae, vol 2, pg 146), Rivivot Ephraim 1:222:3. Chazon Ovadia (v. 5, p. 315) writes that it is permitted to add a leaf to a table and it doesn’t involve constructing an ohel, since part of the ohel was already in place (and it is temporary). </ref> | ||
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# Some are lenient to allow making ice on Shabbat and don't consider it to be constructing ice cubes. <Ref>Yalkut Yosef (pg 515) </ref> In terms of preparing for after Shabbat, see [[Hachana]]. | # Some are lenient to allow making ice on Shabbat and don't consider it to be constructing ice cubes. <Ref>Yalkut Yosef (pg 515) </ref> In terms of preparing for after Shabbat, see [[Hachana]]. | ||
==Watches== | ===Watches=== | ||
# It is forbidden to wind a watch which has stopped working on [[Shabbat]]. <ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 28:19 </ref> Some say that one may wind it if it is still working. <ref> Yalkut Yosef (pg 512) </ref> | # It is forbidden to wind a watch which has stopped working on [[Shabbat]]. <ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 28:19 </ref> Some say that one may wind it if it is still working. <ref> Yalkut Yosef (pg 512) </ref> | ||
===Shtender=== | ===Shtender=== | ||
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===Beds=== | ===Beds=== | ||
# It is permitted to spread a bed sheet even if it hangs over the side of the bed. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 315:31, Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 24:25 </ref> | # It is permitted to spread a bed sheet even if it hangs over the side of the bed.<Ref>Mishna Brurah 315:31, Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 24:25 </ref> | ||
# It is forbidden to put together a crib on [[Shabbat]]. <ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 24:23 </ref> | # It is forbidden to put together a crib on [[Shabbat]].<ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 24:23 </ref> | ||
===Concrete=== | |||
# It is forbidden to pour water on concrete on Shabbat in order to harden it even if one is pouring the water for another purpose like washing one's hands and beneath there is concrete that needs to be hardened. The best option is to use a timer. A worse alternative is to ask a non-Jew to do it using grama, such as pouring the water into a vessel near the concrete which when it overflows spills onto the concrete.<ref>Chazon Ovadia v. 5 p. 277</ref> | |||
==Building a wall== | ==Building a wall== | ||
