16,374
edits
Bishul: Difference between revisions
From Halachipedia
no edit summary
No edit summary |
No edit summary |
||
| Line 35: | Line 35: | ||
# If there’s a possibility that the food isn’t fully cooked, if the oven door is opened or opened by itself, it’s forbidden to close the oven door, unless the food is removed. However, fully cooked food that was in the oven from before [[Shabbat]] may remain there when/if the oven door is opened. <Ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 1:17. Shabbos Kitchen (p. 9) explains that it is forbidden to close the oven door with not fully cooked food inside because it hastens the cooking process. See also Rama 259:7. </ref> | # If there’s a possibility that the food isn’t fully cooked, if the oven door is opened or opened by itself, it’s forbidden to close the oven door, unless the food is removed. However, fully cooked food that was in the oven from before [[Shabbat]] may remain there when/if the oven door is opened. <Ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 1:17. Shabbos Kitchen (p. 9) explains that it is forbidden to close the oven door with not fully cooked food inside because it hastens the cooking process. See also Rama 259:7. </ref> | ||
# It’s forbidden to use an oven which is thermostatically controlled since opening or closing the door will likely cause the flame to be increased. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 1:29 </ref> | # It’s forbidden to use an oven which is thermostatically controlled since opening or closing the door will likely cause the flame to be increased. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 1:29 </ref> | ||
==Cooking on a stove== | |||
# It’s forbidden to place anything on an electric stove unless it is covered. <Ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 1:24 </ref> | |||
# Before [[Shabbat]], it’s permissible to leave cooked food on a covered electric stove which is set on a timer to begin operating on [[Shabbat]]. <Ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 1:26 </ref> In such a case, one may not place food on the covered stove on [[Shabbat]] even before it began operating. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 1:26 </ref> | |||
# If the flame on the stove goes out and the gas is escaping, it’s permissible to turn off the tap. Preferably, this should be done with a variation (such as using the back of one’s hand, or one’s elbow). <Ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 1:28 </ref> | |||
==Cooking in a Kli Rishon== | ==Cooking in a Kli Rishon== | ||
| Line 56: | Line 61: | ||
# It’s permissible to place a baby bottle of milk in a Kli Rishon which is off the fire and there’s a lot of milk in the bottle that it’s impossible that the milk will reach 113 degrees (if left in the Kli Rishon). <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 1:50 </ref> | # It’s permissible to place a baby bottle of milk in a Kli Rishon which is off the fire and there’s a lot of milk in the bottle that it’s impossible that the milk will reach 113 degrees (if left in the Kli Rishon). <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 1:50 </ref> | ||
# It’s permissible to pour a large amount of cold water into hot water in a Kli Rishon which is off the fire as long as the mixture thereby becomes less than 113 degrees and that the pouring is done in one swift action. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 1:52 </ref> | # It’s permissible to pour a large amount of cold water into hot water in a Kli Rishon which is off the fire as long as the mixture thereby becomes less than 113 degrees and that the pouring is done in one swift action. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 1:52 </ref> | ||
===Transferring food from one pot to another=== | ===Transferring food from one pot to another=== | ||
# It’s permissible to transfer food from one pot on the fire to another pot that’s on a covered fire if the food in both pots are fully cooked. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 1:16 </ref> | # It’s permissible to transfer food from one pot on the fire to another pot that’s on a covered fire if the food in both pots are fully cooked. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 1:16 </ref> | ||
| Line 69: | Line 73: | ||
# It’s permissible to pour from a Kli Rishon onto a baby bottle filled with milk (even if it’s cold and uncooked) since the pouring only cooks the outer layer and in this case it’s the bottle (which doesn’t cook at this temperature), however, one should be careful that the bottle isn’t completely covered by the hot water. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 1:50 </ref> | # It’s permissible to pour from a Kli Rishon onto a baby bottle filled with milk (even if it’s cold and uncooked) since the pouring only cooks the outer layer and in this case it’s the bottle (which doesn’t cook at this temperature), however, one should be careful that the bottle isn’t completely covered by the hot water. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 1:50 </ref> | ||
# It’s forbidden to pour hot water from a Kli Rishon onto regular sugar, saccharin, instant coffee, soup powder, instant cocoa, or uncooked tea leaves. <Ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 1:46,9 </ref> | # It’s forbidden to pour hot water from a Kli Rishon onto regular sugar, saccharin, instant coffee, soup powder, instant cocoa, or uncooked tea leaves. <Ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 1:46,9 </ref> | ||
=== | ===Mixing hot and cold water=== | ||
# It’s permissible to pour hot liquid from a Kli Rishon onto cold liquid if the remaining mixture will remain cool (less than 110 degrees). However it’s forbidden to pour a lot of hot liquid from a Kli Rishon onto a little cold liquid since the remaining mixture will be hot (greater than 110 degrees). <Ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 1:51, 39 Melachos (vol 2 pg 576) </ref> | # It’s permissible to pour hot liquid from a Kli Rishon onto cold liquid if the remaining mixture will remain cool (less than 110 degrees). However it’s forbidden to pour a lot of hot liquid from a Kli Rishon onto a little cold liquid since the remaining mixture will be hot (greater than 110 degrees). <Ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 1:51, 39 Melachos (vol 2 pg 576) </ref> | ||
# It’s permissible to pour from a Kli Rishon (even if it’s on the fire) onto fully cooked solids or fully cooked liquids which are still slightly warm, according to Ashkenazim. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 1:47 </ref> | # It’s permissible to pour from a Kli Rishon (even if it’s on the fire) onto fully cooked solids or fully cooked liquids which are still slightly warm, according to Ashkenazim. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 1:47 </ref> | ||
## Therefore, it’s permissible to pour from an urn onto tea essence which is still warm. <ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 1:47 </ref> | ## Therefore, it’s permissible to pour from an urn onto tea essence which is still warm. <ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 1:47 </ref> | ||
==Cooking in a Kli Sheni== | ==Cooking in a Kli Sheni== | ||
| Line 115: | Line 97: | ||
## Some say there’s an issue of putting tea leaves in a kli rishon on [[Shabbat]] even if they were put in boiling water before [[Shabbat]]. However, if the leaves were totally cooked there’s no issue of putting them in a kli rishon on [[Shabbat]]. <Ref> Sh”t Shevet HaLevi 1:90 </ref> | ## Some say there’s an issue of putting tea leaves in a kli rishon on [[Shabbat]] even if they were put in boiling water before [[Shabbat]]. However, if the leaves were totally cooked there’s no issue of putting them in a kli rishon on [[Shabbat]]. <Ref> Sh”t Shevet HaLevi 1:90 </ref> | ||
# A fully baked (dry heat), roasted, or fried food may be cooked (liquid heat) in a Kli Shelishi. Therefore, if soup was ladled from a pot into a bowl it’s permissible to place bread in the bowl. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 1:59 </ref> | # A fully baked (dry heat), roasted, or fried food may be cooked (liquid heat) in a Kli Shelishi. Therefore, if soup was ladled from a pot into a bowl it’s permissible to place bread in the bowl. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 1:59 </ref> | ||
==Removing food from a pot on the fire== | |||
# For foods which have not yet been fully cooked, one may not remove a portion of the food since by reducing the amount of food in the pot, one hastens the cooking process. <Ref> Shabbos Kitchen (Rabbi Simcha Bunim Cohen; pg 8) </ref> | |||
# Similarly, it’s forbidden to take water out of an urn in which the water has not reached its boiling point yet. <Ref> Shabbos Kitchen (Rabbi Simcha Bunim Cohen; pg 8), Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata (1:35 note 96) </ref> | |||
==Stirring hot food== | |||
===Not fully cooked food=== | |||
# It’s forbidden (as Deoritta Bishul) to stir hot food that isn’t fully cooked when it’s on the fire or removed from the fire as long as it’s 113 degrees in a Kli Rishon. <Ref> In [[Shabbat]] 18b, the Gemara says that there’s no issue of Megis (stirring) a hot food if the pot is totally sealed with cement implying that stirring a hot food is forbidden as Bishul, cooking (Rashi 18b D”H Megis). Rambam 3:11, S”A 318:18, Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 1:31, and 39 Melachos (vol 2 pg 560) bring this law as halacha. </ref> | |||
# There's no prohibition of stirring a clear liquid such as chicken soup. <ref> 39 Melachos (vol 2 pg 560) </ref> | |||
# One can’t even take out a serving utensil from a Kli Rishon (even off the fire), unless the food is cold (not at the level of 113 degrees). <Ref> When Rambam 3:11 and S”A 318:18 quote the law of stirring, they extend it to the case of removing a serving spoon from a hot food which causes a mixing of the food. Bet Yosef explains that when the Rambam forbids by a pot on the fire, it also includes the case of where the pot came off the fire and is still boiling. This is found explicitly in the Ran 6b and Rabbenu Yerucham 3:12 pg 68a. S”A rules this law with the language of a pot removed from the fire. This is brought as halacha in Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 1:31. </ref> | |||
===Fully cooked food=== | |||
# Actually mixing fully cooked food which is on the fire is forbidden. <Ref> Ritva [[Shabbat]] 18b (quoted in Tal Orot pg 39) writes that even after the food was cooked it’s still forbidden on a rabbinic level to stir the hot food. S”A 318:18 rules one can’t remove a spoon from a food that’s not fully cooked but if it’s fully cooked it’s permitted, which seemingly means that one can remove a spoon from a fully cooked food but not to actually mix it. Similarly, Bet Yosef 321 quotes Sh”t Rambam 68 (and the halacha is also found in [[Shabbat]] 21:13) who permits mixing a hot food that was fully cooked and removed from the fire. Bet Yosef adds that even though it’s forbidden even off the fire as long as it’s hot here it’s permitted because it’s totally cooked. Rav Ovadyah (Yalkut Yosef [[Shabbat]] vol 3 pg 187; Kol Sinai Tevet 5723) implies from these sources that actually mixing a totally cooked food while on the fire is forbidden as Mechzei KeMevashel (appears like cooking). Or Letzion 2 pg 238 writes that the Kol Bo (quoted by Bet Yosef 253) who forbids stirring a fully cooked pot on the fire is a Deoritta prohibition, while Mishna Brurah 318 argues that clearly stirring a fully cooked food is only forbidden on a rabbinic level (as is explicit in the Ritva). However, Ramach (quoted by Kesef Mishna 9:4), Mamer Mordechai 318:20, and Chazon Ish 37:15 permit actual mixing even though the pot is on the fire because the food is completely cooked. </ref> | |||
# Ashkenazim are strict not even to take a serving spoon out of a pot of a fully cooked food (that’s 113 degrees) only while it’s on the fire. <Ref> Ran 6b (according to the version of the Bet Yosef 318:18 quoted by the Hagot HaBach on the Rif) writes that even removing a serving spoon from the pot of hot food is forbidden because in that act one stirs the food. Rambam 3:11 also rules that putting a serving spoon is forbidden because of stirring. However, Magid Mishna 3:11 explains that that Rambam (and Ran who says this explicitly) only forbad a hot food that wasn’t totally cooked but stirring is permitted if it’s totally cooked (Bet Yosef adds that according to those who hold there’s no issue of cooking once it’s cooked to the stage of Machal Ben Dursai, here too, stirring is permitted at Machal Ben Dursai). [Interestingly, Maggid Mishna 9:4 says in name of Ramban (18b D”H VeHalo Megis) and Rashba (18b D”H Tzemer LeYurah) that once the hot food was stirred once it’s considered cooked and there’s no issue of cooking with the second stirring.] S”A 318:18 rules that it’s permitted to remove a spoon from a fully cooked food even when it’s on the fire. However, the Rama is strict not to remove a utensil or stir the pot whether it’s on the fire or even off the fire based on Sh”t Mahari Vill 30. The achronim including Eliyah Raba 318:40, Chaye Adam 20:9, Levush 321:9, Pri Megadim M”Z 321:23, Sh”t Zera Emet 1:40, Tehilat LeDavid 252:1, Mishna Brurah 318:117, 39 Melachos (vol 2 pg 561-2), and Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 1:32 agree that Ashkenazim should be strict like the Rama while the food is still on the fire both not to stir and not to remove a utensil (and they mention that if there’s one who wants to be stringent one should be stringent in regards to stirring something off the fire). Sh”t Igrot Moshe 4:74 is strict like the Rama regarding food that’s on the fire and explains that that one may not stir food on the fire so that one doesn’t assume that the food is totally cooked and it really isn’t and come to a Torah prohibition. Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 1:32 adds that if there’s going to be non way to remove food from the pot and return it to the fire (because of absence of a suitable cover of the fire) one may be lenient and remove food (not stir) as long as the food is surely fully cooked. </ref> However, Sephardim hold it’s permitted even if in the act one turns the food that was on top of the pot to be moved to the bottom closer to the fire. <Ref> See above note. The Chida in name of the Radvaz 3:411, Taz 318:23, and Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 3 pg 187) rule like S”A. [Interestingly, Orchot Rabbenu Kehilat Yacov pg 149 writes that in the house of the Chazon Ish and Kehilat Yacov (who were Ashkenazic), they actually took food from a pot on the fire when the food was fully cooked, not like the Rama (however, Orchot Rabbenu explains that since they were so strict regarding Chazara, if they weren’t lenient in this regard, they wouldn’t have hot food on [[Shabbat]]). The Chazon Ish 37:15 actually rule this way. ]</ref> | |||
===Food not on the fire=== | |||
# If the fully cooked food is off the fire, one can completely mix the food. <Ref> Bet Yosef 321 quotes Sh”t Rambam 68 (and the halacha is also found in Rambam Hilchot [[Shabbat]] 21:13) who permits mixing a hot food that was fully cooked and removed from the fire. S”A 318:18 rules that it’s permitted to remove a spoon from a fully cooked food even when it’s on the fire, implying when off the fire and it’s fully cooked one can actually stir the food. Yalkut Yosef (Kitzur S”A vol 1 pg 631), and Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 1:32 rule that once the food is off the fire, one may stir the food. [Mishna Brurah 318:117 writes that if one want to be strict one shouldn’t stir it but just remove the food from the pot.] </ref> However, some are strict unless there's a need. <ref> 39 Melachos (vol 2 pg 561) </ref> | |||
# It is permitted to put a spoon or ladle inside a pot taken off the fire as long as one is careful that the spoon or ladle is free from any remnants of water or uncooked food. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 1:34 </ref> | |||
==One pot on top of another== | ==One pot on top of another== | ||
| Line 123: | Line 121: | ||
==Hot tap water== | ==Hot tap water== | ||
# Turning on the hot | # Turning on the hot tap water is prohibited on [[Shabbat]]. <ref>The 39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 2 pg 639) </ref> It’s forbidden to use the hot water even if one turns off the hot water heater before [[Shabbat]]. <ref> The 39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 2 pg 640) </ref> | ||
# In cases of extreme need there may be a basis for permitting using hot tap water, however, a Rav must be consulted before using this leniency. <Ref> The 39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 2 pg 640) </ref> | # In cases of extreme need there may be a basis for permitting using hot tap water, however, a Rav must be consulted before using this leniency. <Ref> The 39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 2 pg 640) </ref> | ||
# One may leave on a hot water faucet from before [[Shabbat]]. One may not turn off a hot water tap if the tap has been running to the point that the water in the boiler is colder than Yad Soldet Bo (after 15-20 minutes), however if the faucet has only been running for a short time or it’s only open slightly and the water is still Yad Soldet Bo, then it’s permissible it turn it off. <Ref> The 39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 2 pg 640-1) </ref> | # One may leave on a hot water faucet from before [[Shabbat]]. One may not turn off a hot water tap if the tap has been running to the point that the water in the boiler is colder than Yad Soldet Bo (after 15-20 minutes), however if the faucet has only been running for a short time or it’s only open slightly and the water is still Yad Soldet Bo, then it’s permissible it turn it off. <Ref> The 39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 2 pg 640-1) </ref> | ||
| Line 129: | Line 127: | ||
* make sure that one does not use the hot and cold water at the same time in one faucet and | * make sure that one does not use the hot and cold water at the same time in one faucet and | ||
* make sure one doesn’t pour directly onto moist or wet dishes rather one should fill a basin and then put in one’s wet dishes or preferably pour the hot water into a container and from there into a basin and then put inside it the wet dishes. <Ref> The 39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 2 pg 640-1) </ref> | * make sure one doesn’t pour directly onto moist or wet dishes rather one should fill a basin and then put in one’s wet dishes or preferably pour the hot water into a container and from there into a basin and then put inside it the wet dishes. <Ref> The 39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 2 pg 640-1) </ref> | ||
# See also a related topic, [[Showering on Shabbat]]. | |||
==Making Tea on Shabbat== | ==Making Tea on Shabbat== | ||
