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Bishul: Difference between revisions
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* Even if a food is already minimally edible, there is a further violation of Bishul when furthering the cooking. S”A 318:4 rules that cooking a food, which is already edible, by any amount which makes it more cooked is a violation of Bishul, unless the food is fully cooked. Biur Halacha D”H Afliu, Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 1:5, Shabbos Kitchen (p. 3) agree. | * Even if a food is already minimally edible, there is a further violation of Bishul when furthering the cooking. S”A 318:4 rules that cooking a food, which is already edible, by any amount which makes it more cooked is a violation of Bishul, unless the food is fully cooked. Biur Halacha D”H Afliu, Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 1:5, Shabbos Kitchen (p. 3) agree. | ||
* Regarding liquids, S”A 318:14 rules that the Biblical violation of Bishul is violated when the liquid is heated up to Yad Soledet Bo. Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 1:5 defines Yad Soledet Bo, in matters in which one has to be strict to avoid any violation, as 113 degrees Fahrenheit. Igrot Moshe 4:74:3, however, rules that one should be strict to consider Yad Soledet Bo as 110 degrees. Shabbat Kitchen (p. 5) and 39 Melachos (vol 2 pg 558) agree. | * Regarding liquids, S”A 318:14 rules that the Biblical violation of Bishul is violated when the liquid is heated up to Yad Soledet Bo. Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 1:5 defines Yad Soledet Bo, in matters in which one has to be strict to avoid any violation, as 113 degrees Fahrenheit. Igrot Moshe 4:74:3, however, rules that one should be strict to consider Yad Soledet Bo as 110 degrees. Shabbat Kitchen (p. 5) and 39 Melachos (vol 2 pg 558) agree. | ||
* Even if a liquid is Yad Soledet Bo, most poskim hold that there is a Biblical violation of Bishul if one continues to heat it until it reaches its boiling point. Sh"t Igrot Moshe 4:74(3) writes that it's sufficient to assume that once a liquid is 160 degrees heating it further it's permissible to heat it further. However, Otzrot Shabbat in name of Rav Elayshiv, Sh"t Shevet HaLevi 7:42(3), and Minchat Yitzchak 10:28 hold it must reach it's boiling point before being allowed to heat it further. Shabbat Kitchen (p. 3) writes that most poskim consider this to be a Torah prohibition. </ref> | * Even if a liquid is Yad Soledet Bo, most poskim hold that there is a Biblical violation of Bishul if one continues to heat it until it reaches its boiling point. Sh"t Igrot Moshe 4:74(3) writes that it's sufficient to assume that once a liquid is 160 degrees heating it further it's permissible to heat it further. However, Otzrot Shabbat in name of Rav Elayshiv, Sh"t Shevet HaLevi 7:42(3), and Minchat Yitzchak 10:28 hold it must reach it's boiling point before being allowed to heat it further. Shabbat Kitchen (p. 3) writes that most poskim consider this to be a Torah prohibition. | ||
* What is defined as a liquid? Shabbos Kitchen (p. 11) writes that only something which is completely solid such as meat, chicken, or kugel is considered solid. Igrot Moshe 4:74:7 writes that one should not rely on the Minchat Kohen and the Pri Megadim’s opinion isn’t clear.</ref> | |||
# Practically speaking, it is forbidden to put any food on the fire or into a pot which is on the fire on Shabbat, whether the food is liquid or solid, cold or hot, cooked or raw. <Ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 1:12 rules that it is forbidden to put any food on the fire or into a pot which is on the fire on Shabbat, whether the food is liquid or solid, cold or hot, cooked or raw. | # Practically speaking, it is forbidden to put any food on the fire or into a pot which is on the fire on Shabbat, whether the food is liquid or solid, cold or hot, cooked or raw. <Ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 1:12 rules that it is forbidden to put any food on the fire or into a pot which is on the fire on Shabbat, whether the food is liquid or solid, cold or hot, cooked or raw. | ||
* This ruling is partially based on a Rabbinic prohibition to place a solid food in an area where it could become cooked or place a liquid where it could become Yad Soledet Bo. This Rabbinic prohibition is codified in S”A 318:14 and 17. </ref> (See further for practically how one can reheat food on Shabbat). | * This ruling is partially based on a Rabbinic prohibition to place a solid food in an area where it could become cooked or place a liquid where it could become Yad Soledet Bo. This Rabbinic prohibition is codified in S”A 318:14 and 17. </ref> (See further for practically how one can reheat food on Shabbat). | ||
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==Cooking in an oven== | ==Cooking in an oven== | ||
# It’s forbidden to return food to the oven even if it’s cooked and warm. <Ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 1:17 </ref> | # It’s forbidden to return food to the oven even if it’s cooked and warm. <Ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 1:17 </ref> | ||
# If there’s a possibility that the food isn’t fully cooked, if the oven door is opened or opened by itself, it’s forbidden to close the oven door, unless the food is removed. However, fully cooked food that was in the oven from before [[Shabbat]] may remain there when/if the oven door is opened. <Ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 1:17 </ref> | # If there’s a possibility that the food isn’t fully cooked, if the oven door is opened or opened by itself, it’s forbidden to close the oven door, unless the food is removed. However, fully cooked food that was in the oven from before [[Shabbat]] may remain there when/if the oven door is opened. <Ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 1:17. Shabbos Kitchen (p. 9) explains that it is forbidden to close the oven door with not fully cooked food inside because it hastens the cooking process. See also Rama 259:7. </ref> | ||
# It’s forbidden to use an oven which is thermostatically controlled since opening or closing the door will likely cause the flame to be increased. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 1:29 </ref> | # It’s forbidden to use an oven which is thermostatically controlled since opening or closing the door will likely cause the flame to be increased. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 1:29 </ref> | ||
