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Bishul: Difference between revisions
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→General Guidelines of Bishul
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===Cooking Without a Fire=== | ===Cooking Without a Fire=== | ||
# There is a machloket in the achronim if bishul by definition must be done with a fire. <ref> The Gemara Shabbos 39a records a machlokes about cooking in the sun (''bishul b’chama''). Rabbi Yose maintains that one is chayav for cooking in the sun (just like cooking on a fire), while the Chachamim are of the opinion that ''bishul b’chama'' is ''patur''. Rashi Shabbos 39a s.v d’shari explains the opinion of the Chachamim as follows: ''bishul b’chama'' is patur because it is not the normal way to cook. R’ Moshe Feinstein Vol. 3, Responsa 52 extrapolates from this Rashi that had ''bishul b’chama'' been a normal way of cooking, it would be no different from cooking on a fire. In other words, bishul min hatorah can be accomplished even without an actual fire and this is why cooking in a microwave oven is considered bishul d’oraysa (since it is normal to cook in a microwave oven). However, R’ Shlomo Zalman Shemiras Shabbos 1 note 12 argues that Rashi meant that, by definition, cooking with anything other than a real fire (such as the sun or a microwave oven) is not bishul min hatorah. </ref> | # There is a machloket in the achronim if bishul by definition must be done with a fire. <ref> The Gemara Shabbos 39a records a machlokes about cooking in the sun (''bishul b’chama''). Rabbi Yose maintains that one is chayav for cooking in the sun (just like cooking on a fire), while the Chachamim are of the opinion that ''bishul b’chama'' is ''patur''. Rashi Shabbos 39a s.v d’shari explains the opinion of the Chachamim as follows: ''bishul b’chama'' is patur because it is not the normal way to cook. R’ Moshe Feinstein Vol. 3, Responsa 52 extrapolates from this Rashi that had ''bishul b’chama'' been a normal way of cooking, it would be no different from cooking on a fire. In other words, bishul min hatorah can be accomplished even without an actual fire and this is why cooking in a microwave oven is considered bishul d’oraysa (since it is normal to cook in a microwave oven). However, R’ Shlomo Zalman Shemiras Shabbos 1 note 12 argues that Rashi meant that, by definition, cooking with anything other than a real fire (such as the sun or a microwave oven) is not bishul min hatorah. </ref> | ||
===Ein Bishul Achar Bishul=== | |||
# There is a rule that once something is cooked it cannot be halachically cooked any further. There is a debate among the Rishonim concerning the point at which a food is considered to be “cooked” in this sense. <ref> Rashba Shabbos 39a s.v. “kol sheba bichamin milifnei hashabbos shorin oso” maintains that once a food has been cooked to the level of ''ma’achal ben derusai'' (There is a further debate among the Rishonim regarding what exactly this degree of “cooked” is. Rashi (Shabbos 20a s.v. ben drusai) writes that it is a third cooked, while Rambam (Shabbos 9:5) holds that it is half cooked. Shulchan Aruch (254:2) paskens like Rambam, but Mishnah Brurah (253:38 and 43) writes that b’dieved we can rely on Rashi.) it cannot be cooked any further. However, Rambam Shabbos 9:3 argues that bishul no longer applies only when the food is completely cooked and further cooking will only worsen the quality of the food (''mitztamek vera lo''). Shulchan Aruch O”C 318:4 poskens like the Rambam, but the Biur Halacha S.v “afilu biodo roseach” writes that if the maachal ben drusai food was returned to a covered fire then b’dieved one can rely on the Rashba and eat it.</ref> | |||
===Examples of Bishul with non-foods=== | ===Examples of Bishul with non-foods=== | ||
# It's forbidden to melt off wax droplets using fire or hot water. <ref> 39 Melachos (vol 2 pg 553) </ref> | # It's forbidden to melt off wax droplets using fire or hot water. <ref> 39 Melachos (vol 2 pg 553) </ref> | ||
