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Bishul: Difference between revisions
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→General Guidelines of Bishul
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* Rambam ([[Shabbat]] 9:5) counts both roasting and frying as Bishul. Iglei Tal (Ofeh 1:1) explains that Rambam is counting ways to violate the Av in the first five Halachot of the chapter and from there and on he counts Toldot. However Lechem Mishna ([[Shabbat]] 8:12) says that since there’s no Nafka Minah between an Av and [[Toldah]] the Rambam wasn’t specific about differentiating them. Thus, Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 1:1 rules that [[cooking]] by either of these methods are forbidden deoraitta. For further clarification, [[Shabbos]] Kitchen (p. 1) includes baking, roasting, broiling, and frying. | * Rambam ([[Shabbat]] 9:5) counts both roasting and frying as Bishul. Iglei Tal (Ofeh 1:1) explains that Rambam is counting ways to violate the Av in the first five Halachot of the chapter and from there and on he counts Toldot. However Lechem Mishna ([[Shabbat]] 8:12) says that since there’s no Nafka Minah between an Av and [[Toldah]] the Rambam wasn’t specific about differentiating them. Thus, Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 1:1 rules that [[cooking]] by either of these methods are forbidden deoraitta. For further clarification, [[Shabbos]] Kitchen (p. 1) includes baking, roasting, broiling, and frying. | ||
* Igrot Moshe 3:52 writes that [[cooking]] with a microwave is also a Biblical prohibition of Bishul. 39 Melachos (Rav Ribiat; pg 589) and [[Shabbos]] Kitchen (Rabbi Simcha Bunim Cohen; pg 2) agree. </ref> Similarly, Bishul is violated by [[cooking]] with any heating element that reaches 113 degrees Fahrenheit including kerosene, gas or electric stove, hotplate, steamer, gas or electric oven. <Ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 1:1 and 1:4 writes that Bishul is violated with any heating element that reaches 113 degrees Fahrenheit including kerosene, gas or electric stove, hotplate, steamer, gas or electric oven. [[Shabbos]] Kitchen (p. 2) agrees. 39 Melachos (vol 2 pg 568) writes that [[cooking]] in a Kli Rishon, whether it is on or off the fire, where the food will reach 110 degrees is a violation of Bishul Deoritta. </ref> | * Igrot Moshe 3:52 writes that [[cooking]] with a microwave is also a Biblical prohibition of Bishul. 39 Melachos (Rav Ribiat; pg 589) and [[Shabbos]] Kitchen (Rabbi Simcha Bunim Cohen; pg 2) agree. </ref> Similarly, Bishul is violated by [[cooking]] with any heating element that reaches 113 degrees Fahrenheit including kerosene, gas or electric stove, hotplate, steamer, gas or electric oven. <Ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 1:1 and 1:4 writes that Bishul is violated with any heating element that reaches 113 degrees Fahrenheit including kerosene, gas or electric stove, hotplate, steamer, gas or electric oven. [[Shabbos]] Kitchen (p. 2) agrees. 39 Melachos (vol 2 pg 568) writes that [[cooking]] in a Kli Rishon, whether it is on or off the fire, where the food will reach 110 degrees is a violation of Bishul Deoritta. </ref> | ||
===Cooking Without a Fire=== | |||
# There is a machloket in the achronim if bishul by definition must be done with a fire. <ref> The Gemara Shabbos 39a records a machlokes about cooking in the sun (''bishul b’chama''). Rabbi Yose maintains that one is chayav for cooking in the sun (just like cooking on a fire), while the Chachamim are of the opinion that ''bishul b’chama'' is ''patur''. Rashi Shabbos 39a s.v d’shari explains the opinion of the Chachamim as follows: ''bishul b’chama'' is patur because it is not the normal way to cook. R’ Moshe Feinstein Vol. 3, Responsa 52 extrapolates from this Rashi that had ''bishul b’chama'' been a normal way of cooking, it would be no different from cooking on a fire. In other words, bishul min hatorah can be accomplished even without an actual fire and this is why cooking in a microwave oven is considered bishul d’oraysa (since it is normal to cook in a microwave oven). However, R’ Shlomo Zalman Shemiras Shabbos 1 note 12 argues that Rashi meant that, by definition, cooking with anything other than a real fire (such as the sun or a microwave oven) is not bishul min hatorah. </ref> | |||
===Examples of Bishul with non-foods=== | ===Examples of Bishul with non-foods=== | ||
# It's forbidden to melt off wax droplets using fire or hot water. <ref> 39 Melachos (vol 2 pg 553) </ref> | # It's forbidden to melt off wax droplets using fire or hot water. <ref> 39 Melachos (vol 2 pg 553) </ref> | ||
