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Bishul: Difference between revisions
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==General Guidelines of Bishul== | ==General Guidelines of Bishul== | ||
# The prohibition of Bishul, [[cooking]] on [[Shabbat]], is a general classification which includes heating up any substance, food or non-food, until a property of the substance changes. <Ref> The Mishna ([[Shabbat]] 73a) says baking bread is one of the 39 melachot. The Gemara (74b) includes [[cooking]] dyes as a violation of the melacha as well. This is codified as halacha by Rambam ([[Shabbat]] 9:1) and Tur 318:1. 39 Melachos (vol 2 pg 553) defines this prohibition precisely as heating up any substance, food or non-food, until a property of the substance changes. </ref> | # The prohibition of Bishul, [[cooking]] on [[Shabbat]], is a general classification which includes heating up any substance, food or non-food, until a property of the substance changes. <Ref> The Mishna ([[Shabbat]] 73a) says baking bread is one of the 39 melachot. The Gemara (74b) includes [[cooking]] dyes as a violation of the melacha as well. This is codified as halacha by Rambam ([[Shabbat]] 9:1) and Tur 318:1. 39 Melachos (vol 2 pg 553) defines this prohibition precisely as heating up any substance, food or non-food, until a property of the substance changes. <br /> | ||
Rashi Shabbos 74b s.v. d’mirafei rafi writes that bishul occurs when the object is softened, while Rambam Shabbos 9:6 maintains that bishul can be done either by softening or hardening. Iglei Tal Bishul 9:6 infers from Rambam Shabbos 9:6 that the Av of bishul is only when the change to the object is permanent (such as baking a cake), but if the change will be undone (such as heating up metal that will eventually cool back down) then it is only a toldah of bishul.</ref> | |||
# The methods by which [[cooking]] can be violated include [[cooking]], baking, roasting, broiling, frying, and microwaving. <Ref> | # The methods by which [[cooking]] can be violated include [[cooking]], baking, roasting, broiling, frying, and microwaving. <Ref> | ||
* Rambam ([[Shabbat]] 9:5) counts both roasting and frying as Bishul. Iglei Tal (Ofeh 1:1) explains that Rambam is counting ways to violate the Av in the first five Halachot of the chapter and from there and on he counts Toldot. However Lechem Mishna ([[Shabbat]] 8:12) says that since there’s no Nafka Minah between an Av and [[Toldah]] the Rambam wasn’t specific about differentiating them. Thus, Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 1:1 rules that [[cooking]] by either of these methods are forbidden deoraitta. For further clarification, [[Shabbos]] Kitchen (p. 1) includes baking, roasting, broiling, and frying. | * Rambam ([[Shabbat]] 9:5) counts both roasting and frying as Bishul. Iglei Tal (Ofeh 1:1) explains that Rambam is counting ways to violate the Av in the first five Halachot of the chapter and from there and on he counts Toldot. However Lechem Mishna ([[Shabbat]] 8:12) says that since there’s no Nafka Minah between an Av and [[Toldah]] the Rambam wasn’t specific about differentiating them. Thus, Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 1:1 rules that [[cooking]] by either of these methods are forbidden deoraitta. For further clarification, [[Shabbos]] Kitchen (p. 1) includes baking, roasting, broiling, and frying. | ||
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# It's forbidden to heat a metal until it's red hot. <ref> 39 Melachos (vol 2 pg 553) </ref> See also [[Electricity on Shabbat]]. | # It's forbidden to heat a metal until it's red hot. <ref> 39 Melachos (vol 2 pg 553) </ref> See also [[Electricity on Shabbat]]. | ||
# It's forbidden to bake bricks or earthenware in a kiln. <ref> 39 Melachos (vol 2 pg 553) </ref> | # It's forbidden to bake bricks or earthenware in a kiln. <ref> 39 Melachos (vol 2 pg 553) </ref> | ||
==Cooking food on Shabbat== | ==Cooking food on Shabbat== | ||
# Because the most practical cases of Bishul apply to food, this is the category we will deal with extensively. | # Because the most practical cases of Bishul apply to food, this is the category we will deal with extensively. | ||
