16,374
edits
Bishul: Difference between revisions
From Halachipedia
m
Text replace - " D(.*)H " to " s.v. "
No edit summary |
m (Text replace - " D(.*)H " to " s.v. ") |
||
| Line 17: | Line 17: | ||
* For non-foods, 39 Melachos (vol 2 pg 553) writes that the Biblical prohibition is only violated when a property of the substance is changed. | * For non-foods, 39 Melachos (vol 2 pg 553) writes that the Biblical prohibition is only violated when a property of the substance is changed. | ||
* For solid food, 39 Melachos (vol 2 pg 553) writes that the Biblical prohibition is only violated when the food is changed from being inedible to edible. There is a dispute in the Rishonim about what is considered a minimal standard of edible for which it will be considered a violation of Bishul deoraitta. Rashi [[Shabbat]] 20a s.v. Ben Dursai holds that Bishul Deoritta is violated when it reaches half of it's [[cooking]], while the Rambam [[Shabbat]] 9:5 holds that once it's reached a third of it's [[cooking]] one has violated Bishul Doeritta. Mishna Brurah 253:38 rules like the Rambam. Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 1:5 and [[Shabbos]] Kitchen (p. 3) agree. 39 Melachos (vol 2, pg 555) and [[Shabbos]] Kitchen (p. 3) explain that a third and a half refer to the time that the food would take to cook fully. | * For solid food, 39 Melachos (vol 2 pg 553) writes that the Biblical prohibition is only violated when the food is changed from being inedible to edible. There is a dispute in the Rishonim about what is considered a minimal standard of edible for which it will be considered a violation of Bishul deoraitta. Rashi [[Shabbat]] 20a s.v. Ben Dursai holds that Bishul Deoritta is violated when it reaches half of it's [[cooking]], while the Rambam [[Shabbat]] 9:5 holds that once it's reached a third of it's [[cooking]] one has violated Bishul Doeritta. Mishna Brurah 253:38 rules like the Rambam. Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 1:5 and [[Shabbos]] Kitchen (p. 3) agree. 39 Melachos (vol 2, pg 555) and [[Shabbos]] Kitchen (p. 3) explain that a third and a half refer to the time that the food would take to cook fully. | ||
* Even if a food is already minimally edible, there is a further violation of Bishul when furthering the [[cooking]]. S”A 318:4 rules that [[cooking]] a food, which is already edible, by any amount which makes it more cooked is a violation of Bishul, unless the food is fully cooked. Biur Halacha | * Even if a food is already minimally edible, there is a further violation of Bishul when furthering the [[cooking]]. S”A 318:4 rules that [[cooking]] a food, which is already edible, by any amount which makes it more cooked is a violation of Bishul, unless the food is fully cooked. Biur Halacha s.v. Afliu, Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 1:5, [[Shabbos]] Kitchen (p. 3) agree. | ||
* Regarding liquids, S”A 318:14 rules that the Biblical violation of Bishul is violated when the liquid is heated up to Yad Soledet Bo. Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 1:5 defines Yad Soledet Bo, in matters in which one has to be strict to avoid any violation, as 113 degrees Fahrenheit. Igrot Moshe 4:74:3, however, rules that one should be strict to consider Yad Soledet Bo as 110 degrees. [[Shabbos]] Kitchen (p. 5) and 39 Melachos (vol 2 pg 558) agree. Chazon Ovadia [[Shabbat]] Part 4: page 371 rules that yad soledet bo is only 104 degrees Farenheit | * Regarding liquids, S”A 318:14 rules that the Biblical violation of Bishul is violated when the liquid is heated up to Yad Soledet Bo. Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 1:5 defines Yad Soledet Bo, in matters in which one has to be strict to avoid any violation, as 113 degrees Fahrenheit. Igrot Moshe 4:74:3, however, rules that one should be strict to consider Yad Soledet Bo as 110 degrees. [[Shabbos]] Kitchen (p. 5) and 39 Melachos (vol 2 pg 558) agree. Chazon Ovadia [[Shabbat]] Part 4: page 371 rules that yad soledet bo is only 104 degrees Farenheit | ||
* Even if a liquid is Yad Soledet Bo, most poskim hold that there is a Biblical violation of Bishul if one continues to heat it until it reaches its boiling point. Sh"t Igrot Moshe 4:74(3) writes that it's sufficient to assume that once a liquid is 160 degrees heating it further it's permissible to heat it further. However, Otzrot [[Shabbat]] in name of Rav Elayshiv, Sh"t Shevet HaLevi 7:42(3), and Minchat Yitzchak 10:28 hold it must reach it's boiling point before being allowed to heat it further. [[Shabbos]] Kitchen (p. 3) writes that most poskim consider this to be a Torah prohibition. | * Even if a liquid is Yad Soledet Bo, most poskim hold that there is a Biblical violation of Bishul if one continues to heat it until it reaches its boiling point. Sh"t Igrot Moshe 4:74(3) writes that it's sufficient to assume that once a liquid is 160 degrees heating it further it's permissible to heat it further. However, Otzrot [[Shabbat]] in name of Rav Elayshiv, Sh"t Shevet HaLevi 7:42(3), and Minchat Yitzchak 10:28 hold it must reach it's boiling point before being allowed to heat it further. [[Shabbos]] Kitchen (p. 3) writes that most poskim consider this to be a Torah prohibition. | ||
| Line 105: | Line 105: | ||
==Stirring hot food== | ==Stirring hot food== | ||
===Not fully cooked food=== | ===Not fully cooked food=== | ||
# It’s forbidden (as | # It’s forbidden (as s.v. Megis). Rambam 3:11, S”A 318:18, Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 1:31, and 39 Melachos (vol 2 pg 560) bring this law as halacha. </ref> | ||
# There's no prohibition of stirring a clear liquid such as chicken soup. <ref> 39 Melachos (vol 2 pg 560) </ref> | # There's no prohibition of stirring a clear liquid such as chicken soup. <ref> 39 Melachos (vol 2 pg 560) </ref> | ||
# One can’t even take out a serving utensil from a Kli Rishon (even off the fire), unless the food is cold (not at the level of 113 degrees). <Ref> When Rambam 3:11 and S”A 318:18 quote the law of stirring, they extend it to the case of removing a serving spoon from a hot food which causes a mixing of the food. Bet Yosef explains that when the Rambam forbids by a pot on the fire, it also includes the case of where the pot came off the fire and is still boiling. This is found explicitly in the Ran 6b and Rabbenu Yerucham 3:12 pg 68a. S”A rules this law with the language of a pot removed from the fire. This is brought as halacha in Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 1:31. </ref> | # One can’t even take out a serving utensil from a Kli Rishon (even off the fire), unless the food is cold (not at the level of 113 degrees). <Ref> When Rambam 3:11 and S”A 318:18 quote the law of stirring, they extend it to the case of removing a serving spoon from a hot food which causes a mixing of the food. Bet Yosef explains that when the Rambam forbids by a pot on the fire, it also includes the case of where the pot came off the fire and is still boiling. This is found explicitly in the Ran 6b and Rabbenu Yerucham 3:12 pg 68a. S”A rules this law with the language of a pot removed from the fire. This is brought as halacha in Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 1:31. </ref> | ||
===Fully cooked food=== | ===Fully cooked food=== | ||
# Mixing fully cooked food which is on the fire is forbidden. <Ref> Ritva [[Shabbat]] 18b (quoted in Tal Orot pg 39) writes that even after the food was cooked it’s still forbidden on a rabbinic level to stir the hot food. S”A 318:18 rules one can’t remove a spoon from a food that’s not fully cooked but if it’s fully cooked it’s permitted, which seemingly means that one can remove a spoon from a fully cooked food but not to actually mix it. Similarly, Bet Yosef 321 quotes Sh”t Rambam 68 (and the halacha is also found in [[Shabbat]] 21:13) who permits mixing a hot food that was fully cooked and removed from the fire. Bet Yosef adds that even though it’s forbidden even off the fire as long as it’s hot here it’s permitted because it’s totally cooked. Rav Ovadyah (Yalkut Yosef [[Shabbat]] vol 3 pg 187; Kol Sinai Tevet 5723) implies from these sources that actually mixing a totally cooked food while on the fire is forbidden as Mechzei KeMevashel (appears like [[cooking]]). Or Letzion 2 pg 238 writes that the Kol Bo (quoted by Bet Yosef 253) who forbids stirring a fully cooked pot on the fire is a Deoritta prohibition, while Mishna Brurah 318 argues that clearly stirring a fully cooked food is only forbidden on a rabbinic level (as is explicit in the Ritva). However, Ramach (quoted by Kesef Mishna 9:4), Mamer Mordechai 318:20, and Chazon Ish 37:15 permit actual mixing even though the pot is on the fire because the food is completely cooked. </ref> | # Mixing fully cooked food which is on the fire is forbidden. <Ref> Ritva [[Shabbat]] 18b (quoted in Tal Orot pg 39) writes that even after the food was cooked it’s still forbidden on a rabbinic level to stir the hot food. S”A 318:18 rules one can’t remove a spoon from a food that’s not fully cooked but if it’s fully cooked it’s permitted, which seemingly means that one can remove a spoon from a fully cooked food but not to actually mix it. Similarly, Bet Yosef 321 quotes Sh”t Rambam 68 (and the halacha is also found in [[Shabbat]] 21:13) who permits mixing a hot food that was fully cooked and removed from the fire. Bet Yosef adds that even though it’s forbidden even off the fire as long as it’s hot here it’s permitted because it’s totally cooked. Rav Ovadyah (Yalkut Yosef [[Shabbat]] vol 3 pg 187; Kol Sinai Tevet 5723) implies from these sources that actually mixing a totally cooked food while on the fire is forbidden as Mechzei KeMevashel (appears like [[cooking]]). Or Letzion 2 pg 238 writes that the Kol Bo (quoted by Bet Yosef 253) who forbids stirring a fully cooked pot on the fire is a Deoritta prohibition, while Mishna Brurah 318 argues that clearly stirring a fully cooked food is only forbidden on a rabbinic level (as is explicit in the Ritva). However, Ramach (quoted by Kesef Mishna 9:4), Mamer Mordechai 318:20, and Chazon Ish 37:15 permit actual mixing even though the pot is on the fire because the food is completely cooked. </ref> | ||
# Ashkenazim are strict not even to take a serving spoon out of a pot of a fully cooked food (that’s 113 degrees) only while it’s on the fire. <Ref> Ran 6b (according to the version of the Bet Yosef 318:18 quoted by the Hagahot HaBach on the Rif) writes that even removing a serving spoon from the pot of hot food is forbidden because in that act one stirs the food. Rambam 3:11 also rules that putting a serving spoon is forbidden because of stirring. However, Magid Mishna 3:11 explains that that Rambam (and Ran who says this explicitly) only forbade a hot food that wasn’t totally cooked but stirring is permitted if it’s totally cooked (Bet Yosef adds that according to those who hold there’s no issue of [[cooking]] once it’s cooked to the stage of Machal Ben | # Ashkenazim are strict not even to take a serving spoon out of a pot of a fully cooked food (that’s 113 degrees) only while it’s on the fire. <Ref> Ran 6b (according to the version of the Bet Yosef 318:18 quoted by the Hagahot HaBach on the Rif) writes that even removing a serving spoon from the pot of hot food is forbidden because in that act one stirs the food. Rambam 3:11 also rules that putting a serving spoon is forbidden because of stirring. However, Magid Mishna 3:11 explains that that Rambam (and Ran who says this explicitly) only forbade a hot food that wasn’t totally cooked but stirring is permitted if it’s totally cooked (Bet Yosef adds that according to those who hold there’s no issue of [[cooking]] once it’s cooked to the stage of Machal Ben s.v. VeHalo Megis) and Rashba (18b s.v. Tzemer LeYurah) that once the hot food was stirred once it’s considered cooked and there’s no issue of [[cooking]] with the second stirring.] S”A 318:18 rules that it’s permitted to remove a spoon from a fully cooked food even when it’s on the fire. However, the Rama is strict not to remove a utensil or stir the pot whether it’s on the fire or even off the fire based on Sh”t Mahari Vill 30. The achronim including Eliyah Raba 318:40, Chaye Adam 20:9, Levush 321:9, Pri Megadim M”Z 321:23, Sh”t Zera Emet 1:40, Tehilat LeDavid 252:1, Mishna Brurah 318:117, 39 Melachos (vol 2 pg 561-2), and Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 1:32 agree that Ashkenazim should be strict like the Rama while the food is still on the fire both not to stir and not to remove a utensil (and they mention that if there’s one who wants to be stringent one should be stringent in regards to stirring something off the fire). Sh”t Igrot Moshe 4:74 is strict like the Rama regarding food that’s on the fire and explains that that one may not stir food on the fire so that one doesn't assume that the food is totally cooked and it really isn’t and come to a Torah prohibition. Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 1:32 adds that if there’s going to be non way to remove food from the pot and return it to the fire (because of absence of a suitable cover of the fire) one may be lenient and remove food (not stir) as long as the food is surely fully cooked. </ref> However, Sephardim hold it’s permitted even if in the act one turns the food that was on top of the pot to be moved to the bottom closer to the fire. <Ref> See above note. The Chida in name of the Radvaz 3:411, Taz 318:23, and Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 3 pg 187) rule like S”A. [Interestingly, Orchot Rabbenu Kehilat Yacov pg 149 writes that in the house of the Chazon Ish and Kehilat Yacov (who were Ashkenazic), they actually took food from a pot on the fire when the food was fully cooked, not like the Rama (however, Orchot Rabbenu explains that since they were so strict regarding Chazara, if they weren’t lenient in this regard, they wouldn’t have hot food on [[Shabbat]]). The Chazon Ish 37:15 actually rule this way. ]</ref> | ||
===Food not on the fire=== | ===Food not on the fire=== | ||
# If the fully cooked food is off the fire, one can completely mix the food. <Ref> Bet Yosef 321 quotes Sh”t Rambam 68 (and the halacha is also found in Rambam Hilchot [[Shabbat]] 21:13) who permits mixing a hot food that was fully cooked and removed from the fire. S”A 318:18 rules that it’s permitted to remove a spoon from a fully cooked food even when it’s on the fire, implying when off the fire and it’s fully cooked one can actually stir the food. Yalkut Yosef (Kitzur S”A vol 1 pg 631), and Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 1:32 rule that once the food is off the fire, one may stir the food. [Mishna Brurah 318:117 writes that if one want to be strict one shouldn’t stir it but just remove the food from the pot.] </ref> However, some are strict unless there's a need. <ref> 39 Melachos (vol 2 pg 561) </ref> | # If the fully cooked food is off the fire, one can completely mix the food. <Ref> Bet Yosef 321 quotes Sh”t Rambam 68 (and the halacha is also found in Rambam Hilchot [[Shabbat]] 21:13) who permits mixing a hot food that was fully cooked and removed from the fire. S”A 318:18 rules that it’s permitted to remove a spoon from a fully cooked food even when it’s on the fire, implying when off the fire and it’s fully cooked one can actually stir the food. Yalkut Yosef (Kitzur S”A vol 1 pg 631), and Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 1:32 rule that once the food is off the fire, one may stir the food. [Mishna Brurah 318:117 writes that if one want to be strict one shouldn’t stir it but just remove the food from the pot.] </ref> However, some are strict unless there's a need. <ref> 39 Melachos (vol 2 pg 561) </ref> | ||
