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Birkat Hamazon: Difference between revisions
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==How long does one have to say Birkat HaMazon?== | ==How long does one have to say Birkat HaMazon?== | ||
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# If one ate bread and is full, preferably one should make Birkat | # If one ate bread and is full, preferably one should make [[Birkat HaMazon]] within 72 minutes and after the fact, one may make it as long as one is full from what one ate. However, after 72 minutes, if one is a little hungry, one can no longer make the Birkat HaMazon. <Ref> S”A 184:5 writes that one may [[Birkat HaMazon]] until one is hungry again. Vezot HaBracha (pg 49, chapter 5) and Yalkut Yosef (Brachot pg 300) rule that if one didn’t make [[Birkat HaMazon]] until after 72 minutes, one may surely recite [[Birkat HaMazon]] as long as one is still full and one isn't hungry. Vezot HaBracha quotes Rav Elyashiv who says that it’s preferable to eat a little more before making Birkat HaMazon. Aruch HaShulchan 184:7 and 8 writes that since we don't know the precise determination of when we're still full must make [[Birkat HaMazon]] within 72 minutes and if one didn't then one should eat another Kezayit and then say Birkat HaMazon. Kaf HaChaim 184:28 writes that in order to fulfill all opinions if it has been 72 minutes one should eat another Kezayit and if one doesn't have bread one may make [[Birkat HaMazon]] as long as one is full.</ref> | ||
# If it’s past 72 minutes and one is in doubt whether one is still full one can make Birkat HaMazon, yet, it’s preferable to eat another [[Kezayit]] before making Birkat Hamazon. <Ref> Mishna Brurah 184:15, Vezot HaBracha (pg 49, chapter 5) </ref> | # If it’s past 72 minutes and one is in doubt whether one is still full one can make Birkat HaMazon, yet, it’s preferable to eat another [[Kezayit]] before making Birkat Hamazon. <Ref> Mishna Brurah 184:15, Vezot HaBracha (pg 49, chapter 5) </ref> | ||
# However, if one just had a Kezayit and was not full, one should try to make the [[Birkat HaMazon]] right away and if one didn't one may only make [[Birkat HaMazon]] up to 72 minutes after one ate. <ref> Yalkut Yosef (Brachot pg 300), Mishna Brurah 184:20 </ref> Some add that if one waited more than a half hour it's preferable to have another Kezayit of bread before making Birkat HaMazon. <ref>Vezot HaBracha (chap 5, pg 50) </ref> | # However, if one just had a Kezayit and was not full, one should try to make the [[Birkat HaMazon]] right away and if one didn't one may only make [[Birkat HaMazon]] up to 72 minutes after one ate. <ref> Yalkut Yosef (Brachot pg 300), Mishna Brurah 184:20 </ref> Some add that if one waited more than a half hour it's preferable to have another Kezayit of bread before making Birkat HaMazon. <ref>Vezot HaBracha (chap 5, pg 50) </ref> | ||
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==In any language== | ==In any language== | ||
# It’s preferable to say Birkat | # It’s preferable to say [[Birkat HaMazon]] in Hebrew, but strictly speaking it is permissible to say it in any language one understands. <Ref>S”A 185:1, Mishna Brurah 185:1 </ref> | ||
==Saying it aloud== | ==Saying it aloud== | ||
# One should say [[Birkat HaMazon]] loud enough that one can hear oneself say the words, however if one said it quietly one fulfills one’s obligation as long as one enunciated the words with one’s lips and didn’t just read or think it. <ref>S”A 185:2, Mishna Brurah 185:2, Chazon Ovadia Berachot page 94, Mikor Chaim 101:2. Birkei Yosef 185:2 as well as the Shaare Teshuva 185:1 say in the name of the Sefer Charedim that if you cannot hear yourself most poskim hold that you didn't fulfill your obligation and based on that the Chesed La'alafim 185:1 and Ben Ish Chai Chukat 7 says that you should eat more bread and say birkat hamazon. However, Chacham Ovadia Yosef in Chazon Ovadia Berachot page 94-95 says this is based on a mistaken understanding of the sefer charedim and most poskim including rif, rambam, rosh, behag, sheiltot, eshkol, Smag, Raah, Meir, Ra'avyah, Or Zarua, Rabbeinu Yerucham, Orchot Chayim, Riaz, Tur and S"A all hold that you have fulfilled your obligation as long as you enunciated the words with your lips and therefore you wouldn't need to go back to eat more bread. </ref> | # One should say [[Birkat HaMazon]] loud enough that one can hear oneself say the words, however if one said it quietly one fulfills one’s obligation as long as one enunciated the words with one’s lips and didn’t just read or think it. <ref>S”A 185:2, Mishna Brurah 185:2, Chazon Ovadia Berachot page 94, Mikor Chaim 101:2. Birkei Yosef 185:2 as well as the Shaare Teshuva 185:1 say in the name of the Sefer Charedim that if you cannot hear yourself most poskim hold that you didn't fulfill your obligation and based on that the Chesed La'alafim 185:1 and Ben Ish Chai Chukat 7 says that you should eat more bread and say birkat hamazon. However, Chacham Ovadia Yosef in Chazon Ovadia Berachot page 94-95 says this is based on a mistaken understanding of the sefer charedim and most poskim including rif, rambam, rosh, behag, sheiltot, eshkol, Smag, Raah, Meir, Ra'avyah, Or Zarua, Rabbeinu Yerucham, Orchot Chayim, Riaz, Tur and S"A all hold that you have fulfilled your obligation as long as you enunciated the words with your lips and therefore you wouldn't need to go back to eat more bread. </ref> | ||
# It’s better to say [[Birkat HaMazon]] out loud in order to inspire having proper intent and also on [[Shabbat]] and [[Yom Tov]] it’ll help make sure one doesn’t forget adding the appropriate paragraphs. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 185:3 </ref> | # It’s better to say [[Birkat HaMazon]] out loud in order to inspire having proper intent and also on [[Shabbat]] and [[Yom Tov]] it’ll help make sure one doesn’t forget adding the appropriate paragraphs. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 185:3 </ref> | ||
==Someone who is drunk== | ==Someone who is drunk== | ||
# One may say Birkat | # One may say [[Birkat HaMazon]] even if one is slightly drunk and is unable to speak properly but still would be able to speak before a king, however, if one is unable to speak properly and can’t speak before a king one should try to say [[Birkat HaMazon]] before reaching that point, but one may still say Birkat HaMazon. <Ref>S”A 185:4-5, Mishna Brurah 185:6 </ref> | ||
# However, if one is totally drunk like Lot one certainly may not say [[Birkat HaMazon]] and if one did one should say Birkat | # However, if one is totally drunk like Lot one certainly may not say [[Birkat HaMazon]] and if one did one should say [[Birkat HaMazon]] again when one is sober but still hasn’t digested the food yet (and isn’t hungry again). <Ref>Mishna Brurah 185:6 </ref> | ||
# It’s forbidden to say any Bracha or Torah within 4 [[amot]] of feces. However, after the fact, if one said [[Birkat HaMazon]] one should say [[Birkat HaMazon]] again, but if one said Birkat Mazon within 4 [[amot]] of urine one doesn’t go back to make Birkat Hamazon. <Ref>S”A 185:4, Mishna Brurah 185:7-8 </ref> | # It’s forbidden to say any Bracha or Torah within 4 [[amot]] of feces. However, after the fact, if one said [[Birkat HaMazon]] one should say [[Birkat HaMazon]] again, but if one said Birkat Mazon within 4 [[amot]] of urine one doesn’t go back to make Birkat Hamazon. <Ref>S”A 185:4, Mishna Brurah 185:7-8 </ref> | ||
==The obligation of women== | ==The obligation of women== | ||
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# If one only knows the first three Brachot of [[Birkat HaMazon]] one should say those Brachot, however, if one only knows some of the Brachot and doesn’t know the first three Brachot, according to Sephardim, he shouldn’t say [[Birkat HaMazon]] at all, but according to Ashkenazim, if he was full then he should say the Brachot he knows. <Ref>S”A 194:3, Mishna Brurah 194:13 </ref> | # If one only knows the first three Brachot of [[Birkat HaMazon]] one should say those Brachot, however, if one only knows some of the Brachot and doesn’t know the first three Brachot, according to Sephardim, he shouldn’t say [[Birkat HaMazon]] at all, but according to Ashkenazim, if he was full then he should say the Brachot he knows. <Ref>S”A 194:3, Mishna Brurah 194:13 </ref> | ||
==Making [[Birkat HaMazon]] over wine== | ==Making [[Birkat HaMazon]] over wine== | ||
# It’s preferable to make a Birkat | # It’s preferable to make a [[Birkat HaMazon]] over a cup of wine when making a Zimmun of three. <Ref>S”A 182:1, Mishna Brurah 182:4 </ref> | ||
# However, if one doesn’t have wine in the house one may use Chamer Medina (a drink which is drunk in the country but isn’t water). <Ref>Mishna Brurah 182:14 </ref> | # However, if one doesn’t have wine in the house one may use Chamer Medina (a drink which is drunk in the country but isn’t water). <Ref>Mishna Brurah 182:14 </ref> | ||
# If one drank from the cup of wine the cup is considered tainted and unfit for making on it Birkat | # If one drank from the cup of wine the cup is considered tainted and unfit for making on it [[Birkat HaMazon]] until one fixes it by filling it up with wine or water. <Ref>S”S 182:3 and 182:6</ref> | ||
# The cup used in making [[Birkat HaMazon]] over wine should be washed out in the inside and outside before it is used, however, if it is already clean it doesn't need to be cleaned.<ref>S"A 183:1</ref> | # The cup used in making [[Birkat HaMazon]] over wine should be washed out in the inside and outside before it is used, however, if it is already clean it doesn't need to be cleaned.<ref>S"A 183:1</ref> | ||
# The cup of wine should be filled up completely. <Ref>Rama 183:2</ref> | # The cup of wine should be filled up completely. <Ref>Rama 183:2</ref> | ||
