Birkat Hamazon: Difference between revisions
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===Minimum Amount of Bread to Be Obligated in Birkat HaMazon=== | ===Minimum Amount of Bread to Be Obligated in Birkat HaMazon=== | ||
#One is not obligated to recite Birkat HaMazon unless one eats a minimum of a [[Kezayit]] of bread.<ref> | #One is not obligated to recite Birkat HaMazon unless one eats a minimum of a [[Kezayit]] of bread.<ref>Shulchan Aruch O.C. 168:9, 184:6, and 210:1 </ref> The amount of bread necessary in order to make [[HaMotzei]] and [[Netilat_Yadayim_for_a_meal|Netilat Yadayim]] are discussed in the articles specific to those topics. | ||
#How large is a kzayit of bread? According to Ashkenazim the [[Kezayit]] is slightly less than one ounce of volume. A good approximation is half the center piece of a 1 lb rye bread.<ref>Halachos of [[Brachos]] Addendum 1, pg 246 </ref> According to Sephardim the [[Kezayit]] is 27 grams in weight.<ref>Yalkut Yosef 158:4 </ref> For more specific halachot about [[Kezayit]], see the [[Halachot of Kezayit]]. | #How large is a kzayit of bread? According to Ashkenazim the [[Kezayit]] is slightly less than one ounce of volume. A good approximation is half the center piece of a 1 lb rye bread.<ref>Halachos of [[Brachos]] Addendum 1, pg 246 </ref> According to Sephardim the [[Kezayit]] is 27 grams in weight.<ref>Yalkut Yosef 158:4. See the [[Kezayit]] age for more opinions about whether Sephardim follow weight or volume. </ref> For more specific halachot about [[Kezayit]], see the [[Halachot of Kezayit]]. | ||
===Who Is Obligated to Say Birkat HaMazon=== | ===Who Is Obligated to Say Birkat HaMazon=== | ||
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===If One Is Unsure if He Recited Birkat HaMazon=== | ===If One Is Unsure if He Recited Birkat HaMazon=== | ||
#If one ate and was full and now is unsure whether one recited Birkat HaMazon, preferably one should have another [[Kezayit]] (upon which one should wash and say [[HaMotzei]]) and then say Birkat HaMazon, however, the strict law is that one should said Birkat HaMazon in cases of doubt.<ref>Shulchan Aruch 184:4, Mishna Brurah 184:15, Kaf HaChaim 184:15, Yalkut Yosef 184:3</ref> Some say that if a person was full because of all of the food he ate and not because of the bread alone he shouldn't repeat Birkat Hamazon if he's in doubt. Others don't distinguish.<ref>*Pri Megadim E"A 184:8 has a doubt whether someone who was full because of the rest of the food he ate is obligated in Birkat Hamazon | #If one ate and was full and now is unsure whether one recited Birkat HaMazon, preferably one should have another [[Kezayit]] (upon which one should wash and say [[HaMotzei]]) and then say Birkat HaMazon, however, the strict law is that one should said Birkat HaMazon in cases of doubt.<ref>Shulchan Aruch 184:4, Mishna Brurah 184:15, Kaf HaChaim 184:15, Yalkut Yosef 184:3</ref> Some say that if a person was full because of all of the food he ate and not because of the bread alone he shouldn't repeat Birkat Hamazon if he's in doubt. Others don't distinguish.<ref>*Pri Megadim E"A 184:8 has a doubt whether someone who was full because of the rest of the food he ate is obligated in Birkat Hamazon biblically or he is only biblically obligated if he is full because of the bread. Tzlach Brachot 48a s.v. mdkatal assumes like the second explanation of the Pri Megadim. Biur Halacha 184:6 s.v. bkezayit cites the Pri Megadim but discusses whether the Radvaz 6:2224 (cited by Shaarei Teshuva 197) is a proof against the Pri Megadim. The Radvaz says that if one completed becoming full on bread he is biblically obligated to say Birkat Hamazon and he isn't clear whether one started to eat other food or bread as part of another meal. Chazon Ish OC 34:3 agreed with the Pri Megadim and says that one isn't biblically obligated unless one is primarily full on the bread. Daf Al Hadaf Brachot 48a cites Kitvei Madmor Mgur 33 from the Sfat Emet who rejects the proof from Brachot 48a and sides with the Pri Megadim. Divrei Shalom OC 2:46 has the same rejection. | ||
*Daf Al Hadaf Brachot 48a cites Kovetz Bet Aharaon Vyisrael 16:5:9 who tries to prove that all foods combine to a | *Daf Al Hadaf Brachot 48a cites Kovetz Bet Aharaon Vyisrael 16:5:9 who tries to prove that all foods combine to a biblical obligation of Birkat Hamazon from Rashi (though Rashi is in disagreement with the Bahag). Also cited there are the Halachot Ketanot 2:227 and Keren Ldovid 48 who agree. Baal Hameor Brachot 29a s.v. amar seems to be a clear proof against the Pri Megadim. Divrei Shalom shows how the Baal Hameor might not be a proof. Igrot Moshe OC 4:41 agrees with Halachot Ketanot. Halacha Brurah (Otzrot Yosef 7:6) holds that although it is a dispute if one is in doubt one should repeat Birkat Hamazon since there is a safek safeka, since some rishonim hold that eating a kezayit generates a biblical obligation, and even according to the other rishonim some hold that all of the foods in the meal combine to a biblical obligation. He quotes that his father in Halichot olam (v. 2 Chukkat n. 6), Yechava Daat 6:10 in note, and Chazon Ovadia Brachot p. 238 agrees. | ||
*Based on the Pri Megadim, Divrei Shalom concludes that if a person has a doubt if he said Birkat Hamazon and was only full because of the other foods and not just because of the bread he shouldn't repeat the Birkat Hamazon. Ben Ish Chai Chukkat 10, Kaf Hachaim 184:24, and Or Letzion 2:13:6 agree.</ref> | *Based on the Pri Megadim, Divrei Shalom concludes that if a person has a doubt if he said Birkat Hamazon and was only full because of the other foods and not just because of the bread he shouldn't repeat the Birkat Hamazon. Ben Ish Chai Chukkat 10, Kaf Hachaim 184:24, and Or Letzion 2:13:6 agree.</ref> | ||
#If a person ate bread and is full but is in doubt whether he said Birkat HaMazon, one must go back and say Birkat HaMazon. According to Ashkenazim, one should say the entire Birkat HaMazon, whereas according to Sephardim, one should only say the first 3 [[Brachot]].<ref>Shulchan Aruch 184:4 rules that if a person is in doubt whether he said Birkat HaMazon he has to go back and say it since Birkat HaMazon is deoraitta we don’t apply the general rule of Safek [[Brachot]] Lehakel. Mishna Brurah 184:13 based on Magen Avraham 184:7 comments that when one repeats the [[benching]] one must say all four [[Brachot]] even though the fourth one is only derabbanan so that people don’t disregard its importance. see also Pri Chadash 209 who brings a different reason that you should recite even the 4th beracha. However, the Sephardic acharonim including the Kaf HaChaim (184:15), Sh"t Ohr Letzion 2:13:4, and Yalkut Yosef ([[Brachot]] pg 282) argue that since the fourth Bracha is derabbanan we apply the rule of Safek [[Brachot]] without concern for a remote possibility of those who will degrade the fourth Bracha. </ref> | #If a person ate bread and is full but is in doubt whether he said Birkat HaMazon, one must go back and say Birkat HaMazon. According to Ashkenazim, one should say the entire Birkat HaMazon, whereas according to Sephardim, one should only say the first 3 [[Brachot]].<ref>Shulchan Aruch 184:4 rules that if a person is in doubt whether he said Birkat HaMazon he has to go back and say it since Birkat HaMazon is deoraitta we don’t apply the general rule of Safek [[Brachot]] Lehakel. Mishna Brurah 184:13 based on Magen Avraham 184:7 comments that when one repeats the [[benching]] one must say all four [[Brachot]] even though the fourth one is only derabbanan so that people don’t disregard its importance. see also Pri Chadash 209 who brings a different reason that you should recite even the 4th beracha. However, the Sephardic acharonim including the Kaf HaChaim (184:15), Sh"t Ohr Letzion 2:13:4, and Yalkut Yosef ([[Brachot]] pg 282) argue that since the fourth Bracha is derabbanan we apply the rule of Safek [[Brachot]] without concern for a remote possibility of those who will degrade the fourth Bracha. </ref> | ||
#If a person ate a [[Kezayit]] of bread but wasn’t full, and now is in doubt whether he said Birkat HaMazon he shouldn’t go back and make Birkat HaMazon, but it’s preferable to wash again, make [[Hamotzei]], eat a [[Kezayit]] and make Birkat HaMazon.<ref>Shulchan Aruch 184:4. Mishna Brurah 184:15 writes that according to many Rishonim only if one ate and is full is one | #If a person ate a [[Kezayit]] of bread but wasn’t full, and now is in doubt whether he said Birkat HaMazon he shouldn’t go back and make Birkat HaMazon, but it’s preferable to wash again, make [[Hamotzei]], eat a [[Kezayit]] and make Birkat HaMazon.<ref>Shulchan Aruch 184:4. Mishna Brurah 184:15 writes that according to many Rishonim only if one ate and is full is one biblically obligated, therefore if one only had a [[Kezayit]] and is in doubt whether he said Birkat HaMazon one shouldn’t go back and say it out of doubt, rather it’s preferable to wash again, make [[hamotzei]], eat a [[Kezayit]] and make Birkat HaMazon. This is also the opinion of Yalkut Yosef ([[Brachot]] 286, 184:5) and Yabia Omer OC 8:22:13. | ||
*Rashi Brachot 48a s.v. cites the Bahag that a person isn't obligated | *Rashi Brachot 48a s.v. cites the Bahag that a person isn't obligated biblically to recite Birkat Hamazon unless one was full. Rabbinically one is obligated once one ate a kezayit. Rashi agree with the Bahag about that. Tosfot 48a s.v. ad, Tosfot Sukkah 26b s.v. vlo agree, Rosh Brachot 7:24, and Rambam Brachot 1:1 agree. However, Rashba Brachot 48a s.v. ha and Raavad Brachot 5:15 hold that there's a biblical obligation to recite Birkat Hamazon even if one just ate a kezayit and it doesn't depend on whether one was full.</ref> | ||
#If a person ate bread and is still thirsty because he didn't drink enough during the meal and now has a doubt whether he said Birkat HaMazon, some say he should repeat Birkat HaMazon and some say not to repeat it.<ref>Yalkut Yosef ([[Brachot]] pg 289, 184:8) writes that since the opinion of Shulchan Aruch is that even if one is still thirsty the obligation of Birkat HaMazon is Deoritta, in cases of doubt one should go back and say Birkat HaMazon. However, Kaf HaChaim 184:26, Ben Ish Chai, and Or Letzion 13:6 hold that since there's an opinion that Birkat HaMazon is only Derabbanan if one is still thirsty one shouldn't go back and say Birkat HaMazon. Rama 197:4 cites the opinion of the Mordechai that if one was thirsty and didn't drink one's obligation in Birchat Hamazon is only rabbinic. He is only concerned for his opinion initially.</ref> | #If a person ate bread and is still thirsty because he didn't drink enough during the meal and now has a doubt whether he said Birkat HaMazon, some say he should repeat Birkat HaMazon and some say not to repeat it.<ref>Yalkut Yosef ([[Brachot]] pg 289, 184:8) writes that since the opinion of Shulchan Aruch is that even if one is still thirsty the obligation of Birkat HaMazon is Deoritta, in cases of doubt one should go back and say Birkat HaMazon. However, Kaf HaChaim 184:26, Ben Ish Chai, and Or Letzion 13:6 hold that since there's an opinion that Birkat HaMazon is only Derabbanan if one is still thirsty one shouldn't go back and say Birkat HaMazon. Rama 197:4 cites the opinion of the Mordechai that if one was thirsty and didn't drink one's obligation in Birchat Hamazon is only rabbinic. He is only concerned for his opinion initially.</ref> | ||
#A woman who ate bread and is unsure whether she said Birkat HaMazon, she should hear it from someone else or wash again and make another [[HaMotzei]] to remove herself from doubt. However, if that's impossible, Ashkenazim hold that she may say Birkat HaMazon, but according to Sephardim she is not supposed Birkat HaMazon out of doubt.<ref>Ben Ish Chai Chukat 9, Kaf HaChaim 184:25, Sh"t Ohr Letzion 2:13:4, [[Rabbi Ovadyah Yosef]] in Sh"t Yacheve Daat 6:10, and Halacha Brurah 184:10 (explained in Sh"t Otzerot Yosef 7:7) hold that a woman is possibly obligated Deoritta (Brachot 20b) and so in a case of doubt we revert to the rule of Safek [[Brachot]] and so a woman wouldn't return and make the bracha. However, the Mishna Brurah 186:3 holds that there's enough to rely on for a woman to go back and make Birkat HaMazon if she wants. This is also the opinion of Rabbi Binyamin Zilber quoted in VeZot HaBracha (pg 351). | #A woman who ate bread and is unsure whether she said Birkat HaMazon, she should hear it from someone else or wash again and make another [[HaMotzei]] to remove herself from doubt. However, if that's impossible, Ashkenazim hold that she may say Birkat HaMazon, but according to Sephardim she is not supposed Birkat HaMazon out of doubt.<ref>Ben Ish Chai Chukat 9, Kaf HaChaim 184:25, Sh"t Ohr Letzion 2:13:4, [[Rabbi Ovadyah Yosef]] in Sh"t Yacheve Daat 6:10, and Halacha Brurah 184:10 (explained in Sh"t Otzerot Yosef 7:7) hold that a woman is possibly obligated Deoritta (Brachot 20b) and so in a case of doubt we revert to the rule of Safek [[Brachot]] and so a woman wouldn't return and make the bracha. However, the Mishna Brurah 186:3 holds that there's enough to rely on for a woman to go back and make Birkat HaMazon if she wants. This is also the opinion of Rabbi Binyamin Zilber quoted in VeZot HaBracha (pg 351). | ||
*[http://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=19550&st=&pgnum=33 Teshuva M'ahava 2:234] writes that since it is a safek safeka (similar to the case of Shach's klalei safekot YD 110:16) the woman should be exempt like the Pri Megadim 186 E"A writes about this case. Halacha Brurah (Otzrot Yosef 7:7) has the same logic. However, he believes that she should make the birkat hamazon since (1) according to the Rif she's obligated to recite birkat hamazon from the Torah, (2) even if it is a safek if she's obligated like the Rambam, perhaps she can recite the bracha since potentially making a bracha levatala is only derabbanan and (3) fulfilling a mitzvah which is the bracha itself when there is a doubt and a potential | *[http://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=19550&st=&pgnum=33 Teshuva M'ahava 2:234] writes that since it is a safek safeka (similar to the case of Shach's klalei safekot YD 110:16) the woman should be exempt like the Pri Megadim 186 E"A writes about this case. Halacha Brurah (Otzrot Yosef 7:7) has the same logic. However, he believes that she should make the birkat hamazon since (1) according to the Rif she's obligated to recite birkat hamazon from the Torah, (2) even if it is a safek if she's obligated like the Rambam, perhaps she can recite the bracha since potentially making a bracha levatala is only derabbanan and (3) fulfilling a mitzvah which is the bracha itself when there is a doubt and a potential biblical obligation is permitted even according to the Rambam. His conclusion is that she can recite the birkat hamazon but it is better for her to eat more and repeat birkat hamazon or to read the birkat hamazon without enunciating the words with her lips (hirhur).</ref> | ||
===How Long Does One Have to Recite Birkat HaMazon?=== | ===How Long Does One Have to Recite Birkat HaMazon?=== | ||
