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Birkat HaGomel: Difference between revisions
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## Someone who was sick and was healed | ## Someone who was sick and was healed | ||
## Someone who traveled at sea | ## Someone who traveled at sea | ||
## Someone who traveled in the desert. <Ref>The Gemara ([[Brachot]] 54b) states that the four people who are obligated to say the Bracha of HaGomel are one who was freed from jail, one who was sick and was healed, one who travel at sea, and one who traveled in the desert. The Gemara learns it from the pasuk in tehillim “They strayed in the wilderness, in the desolation of the road… Hungry as well as thirsty… They rise heavenward, they descend to the depths.” (Tehillim 107:4-5, 26). The acronym for this in hebrew is Chayim. The Rambam ([[Brachot]] 10:8), S”A 219:1, and Kitzur | ## Someone who traveled in the desert. <Ref>The Gemara ([[Brachot]] 54b) states that the four people who are obligated to say the Bracha of HaGomel are one who was freed from jail, one who was sick and was healed, one who travel at sea, and one who traveled in the desert. The Gemara learns it from the pasuk in tehillim “They strayed in the wilderness, in the desolation of the road… Hungry as well as thirsty… They rise heavenward, they descend to the depths.” (Tehillim 107:4-5, 26). The acronym for this in hebrew is Chayim. The Rambam ([[Brachot]] 10:8), S”A 219:1, and Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 61:1 codify this as halacha. </ref> | ||
# Some say that anyone who was in near mortal danger such as someone saved from a wall collapsing, a lion attack, a goring ox, or a band of thieves at night, must make a Bracha. The ashkenazic minhag follows this opinion. <Ref>S”A 219:9 quotes this opinion. Magen Avraham 219:10 and Mishna Brurah 219:32 write that the Ashkenazic minhag follows this opinion.</ref> For specific situations, see a posek. <Ref>See also Piskei Teshuvot 218, Halichot Shlomo 23:1 </ref> | # Some say that anyone who was in near mortal danger such as someone saved from a wall collapsing, a lion attack, a goring ox, or a band of thieves at night, must make a Bracha. The ashkenazic minhag follows this opinion. <Ref>S”A 219:9 quotes this opinion. Magen Avraham 219:10 and Mishna Brurah 219:32 write that the Ashkenazic minhag follows this opinion.</ref> For specific situations, see a posek. <Ref>See also Piskei Teshuvot 218, Halichot Shlomo 23:1 </ref> | ||
# One who has been saved from multiple forms of danger only recites the bracha once. <ref> Mishna Brurah 219:3 </ref> | # One who has been saved from multiple forms of danger only recites the bracha once. <ref> Mishna Brurah 219:3 </ref> | ||
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==For traveling== | ==For traveling== | ||
# Ashkenazim hold that no Bracha is made for traveling from city to city unless there’s a lot of wild animals or thieves. However, Sephardim hold that any travel from city to city obligates a Bracha if the trip was a Parsah (72 minutes). <Ref>S”A 219:7, Yalkut Yosef 219:17. Ramban [[Berachot]] 54b says that one has to say hagomel for traveling the minimum distance, regardless of the extent of the danger involved because the Yerushalmi in [[Berachot]] 4:4 says all roads are assumed to be dangerous. Meiri on [[Berachot]] 54b quotes an opinion with which he himself disagrees that claims that it is only recited if one encountered serious danger during the traveling. Talmidei Rabbeinu Yona on the Dapei HaRif 43a on [[Berachot]] quote the custom of the French rabbis saying that one should only recite it when they travel on a dangerous road even if they don't encounter any trouble and this is quoted in | # Ashkenazim hold that no Bracha is made for traveling from city to city unless there’s a lot of wild animals or thieves. However, Sephardim hold that any travel from city to city obligates a Bracha if the trip was a Parsah (72 minutes). <Ref>S”A 219:7, Yalkut Yosef 219:17. Ramban [[Berachot]] 54b says that one has to say hagomel for traveling the minimum distance, regardless of the extent of the danger involved because the Yerushalmi in [[Berachot]] 4:4 says all roads are assumed to be dangerous. Meiri on [[Berachot]] 54b quotes an opinion with which he himself disagrees that claims that it is only recited if one encountered serious danger during the traveling. Talmidei Rabbeinu Yona on the Dapei HaRif 43a on [[Berachot]] quote the custom of the French rabbis saying that one should only recite it when they travel on a dangerous road even if they don't encounter any trouble and this is quoted in Shulchan Aruch 219:7 as the practice of the germans and french. </ref> | ||
# Some say not to make Brachat HaGomel for traveling on an airplane since it’s considered safe, however many hold that HaGomel is required and such is the minhag. <Ref> | # Some say not to make Brachat HaGomel for traveling on an airplane since it’s considered safe, however many hold that HaGomel is required and such is the minhag. <Ref> | ||
* Vezot HaBracha pg 158 quotes Rav Shlomo Zalman (Halichot Shlomo [[Tefilla]] 23:5) and Rav Moshe Feinstein (Iggerot Moshe 2:59) as requiring a Bracha, and Minchat Yitzchak (2:47) as arguing. The Minchat Yitzchak's logic is that hagomel is only recited on dangers that are not taken on willingly. Sh"t Igrot Moshe 2:59, Sh"t Yechave Daat 2:26, and Halichot Shlomo ([[Tefillah]] 23:5) hold that one should make Birkat Hagomel for traveling in an airplane. [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/displayRead.asp?readID=2132 Rabbi Mansour on Dailyhalacha.com] concludes that for Sephardim one must travel 72 minutes in order to make a Birkat Hagomel and this is the ruling of Rav Ovadia Yosef in Yabia Omer 1:14 and Yechave Daat 2:26 and Rav Shmuel Pinchasi in Kuntres Vichol Hachaim page 34. Chacham Bentzion Abba Shaul in Or Litzion 2:14:43 says that this is only true with commercial flights where the passengers do not know each other, but in an army plane, helicopter or private plane where the passengers do know each other hagomel would not be recited. | * Vezot HaBracha pg 158 quotes Rav Shlomo Zalman (Halichot Shlomo [[Tefilla]] 23:5) and Rav Moshe Feinstein (Iggerot Moshe 2:59) as requiring a Bracha, and Minchat Yitzchak (2:47) as arguing. The Minchat Yitzchak's logic is that hagomel is only recited on dangers that are not taken on willingly. Sh"t Igrot Moshe 2:59, Sh"t Yechave Daat 2:26, and Halichot Shlomo ([[Tefillah]] 23:5) hold that one should make Birkat Hagomel for traveling in an airplane. [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/displayRead.asp?readID=2132 Rabbi Mansour on Dailyhalacha.com] concludes that for Sephardim one must travel 72 minutes in order to make a Birkat Hagomel and this is the ruling of Rav Ovadia Yosef in Yabia Omer 1:14 and Yechave Daat 2:26 and Rav Shmuel Pinchasi in Kuntres Vichol Hachaim page 34. Chacham Bentzion Abba Shaul in Or Litzion 2:14:43 says that this is only true with commercial flights where the passengers do not know each other, but in an army plane, helicopter or private plane where the passengers do know each other hagomel would not be recited. | ||
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==When it should be said== | ==When it should be said== | ||
# Preferably HaGomel should be said within 3 days. If it can’t be done within 3 days it should be said within 30 days, and if it can’t be said in 30 says it should be said whenever one wants. <Ref>S”A 219:6, Mishna Brurah 219:20, Kitzur | # Preferably HaGomel should be said within 3 days. If it can’t be done within 3 days it should be said within 30 days, and if it can’t be said in 30 says it should be said whenever one wants. <Ref>S”A 219:6, Mishna Brurah 219:20, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 61:2. See Piskei Teshuvot 219:4 who writes there’s a minhag who are lenient to wait until [[Shabbat]] to say HaGomel at the Torah. </ref> | ||
# It’s preferable to say Birkat HaGomel within 3 days even if one will not be able to say it at a [[Kriyat HaTorah]] (in front of the Torah) rather than wait to say it later at a [[Kriyat HaTorah]]. <ref>Magan Avraham 219:6, Mishna Brurah 219:20 </ref> | # It’s preferable to say Birkat HaGomel within 3 days even if one will not be able to say it at a [[Kriyat HaTorah]] (in front of the Torah) rather than wait to say it later at a [[Kriyat HaTorah]]. <ref>Magan Avraham 219:6, Mishna Brurah 219:20 </ref> | ||
==Procedure of Birchat HaGomel== | ==Procedure of Birchat HaGomel== | ||
# The Bracha of HaGomel was established to be said before a [[minyan]], preferably with two Talmediei Chachamim, and if there’s no [[minyan]] available one may not make HaGomel but rather should wait to find one. <Ref>Rambam ([[Brachot]] 10:8), S”A 219:3, Beiur Halacha s.v. VeYesh Omerim, Shoneh Halachot 219:2, Piskei Teshuvot 219:15, Kitzur | # The Bracha of HaGomel was established to be said before a [[minyan]], preferably with two Talmediei Chachamim, and if there’s no [[minyan]] available one may not make HaGomel but rather should wait to find one. <Ref>Rambam ([[Brachot]] 10:8), S”A 219:3, Beiur Halacha s.v. VeYesh Omerim, Shoneh Halachot 219:2, Piskei Teshuvot 219:15, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 61:2 based on the pasuk in tehillim 107:32. Mishna Brurah 219:6 allows the one reciting the beracha to be included in the ten. </ref> | ||
# The minhag is to say HaGomel after [[Kriyat HaTorah]] in front of the Torah. <ref>Mishna Brurah 219:2 </ref> | # The minhag is to say HaGomel after [[Kriyat HaTorah]] in front of the Torah. <ref>Mishna Brurah 219:2 </ref> | ||
# The one reciting birkat hagomel should recite it while standing. <ref> Sh"t Rivivot Ephraim 1:156:2 </ref> | # The one reciting birkat hagomel should recite it while standing. <ref> Sh"t Rivivot Ephraim 1:156:2 </ref> | ||
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==Women== | ==Women== | ||
# The Ashkenazic minhag is that women don’t make HaGomel <ref> Mishna Berura 219:3, Sh"t Halachot Ketanot 2:161, Aruch Hashulchan 219:6, Sh"t Beer Moshe 4:22. see also Sh"t Teshuvot Vihanhagot 4:53. see also Iggerot Mosh 5:14 where argues with those who claim that she should say it in front of ten women and instead suggests saying it in front of one person. If she is married, it should be her husband. </ref> however some say that if a women who gave birth happens to be in front of a [[minyan]], she may say HaGomel. <ref> Halichot Shlomo 23:4, Vezot HaBracha (pg 158), see also Kitzur | # The Ashkenazic minhag is that women don’t make HaGomel <ref> Mishna Berura 219:3, Sh"t Halachot Ketanot 2:161, Aruch Hashulchan 219:6, Sh"t Beer Moshe 4:22. see also Sh"t Teshuvot Vihanhagot 4:53. see also Iggerot Mosh 5:14 where argues with those who claim that she should say it in front of ten women and instead suggests saying it in front of one person. If she is married, it should be her husband. </ref> however some say that if a women who gave birth happens to be in front of a [[minyan]], she may say HaGomel. <ref> Halichot Shlomo 23:4, Vezot HaBracha (pg 158), see also Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 65:2</ref> Sephardic women, however, do recite Hagomel.<ref> Yalkut Yosef 219:7 (and [[Brachot]] p. 572), Sh"t Yechave Daat 4:14-15, Sh"t Yabea Omer 8:23:15, [http://halachayomit.co.il/EnglishDisplayRead.asp?readID=1833 HalachaYomit.co.il] write that women do recite Hagomel. Kaf Hachaim 219:3 writes that it should only be recited in front of ten male relatives and adds that if there aren't ten men, it should be recited without shem umalchut. see also Ben Ish Chai Parashat Ekev 65 </ref> A woman who has the custom to recite it should wait seven days after giving birth to do so. <ref> Kaf Hachaim 219:7 </ref> | ||
==Listening to someone else say HaGomel== | ==Listening to someone else say HaGomel== | ||
