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Birkat Cohanim: Difference between revisions
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==Birkat Kohanim Poster== | ==Birkat Kohanim Poster== | ||
For a helpful poster with a summary of the basic Halachot [[Media:Birkat_Kohanim_18x24.pdf| see here]]. | For a helpful poster with a summary of the basic Halachot [[Media:Birkat_Kohanim_18x24.pdf| see here]]. | ||
==The Mitzvah of Birkat Cohanim | ==The Mitzvah of Birkat Cohanim Nowadays== | ||
# The Mitzvah of Birkat Cohanim is biblical (Deoritta) even nowadays, in all places at all times. <ref>Sefer HaChinuch (378), Shaar | # The Mitzvah of Birkat Cohanim is biblical (Deoritta) even nowadays, in all places at all times. <ref>Sefer HaChinuch (378), Shaar HaTziyun 128:131*, Yalkut Yosef ([[Tefillah]] vol 2, pg 217), Shu"t Mishkenot Yaakov 66. </ref> It is based on the pasuk "דַּבֵּר אֶל-אַהֲרֹן וְאֶל-בָּנָיו לֵאמֹר, כֹּה תְבָרְכוּ אֶת-בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל: אָמוֹר, לָהֶם" meaning "Speak to Aaron and his sons, saying: This is how you must bless the Israelites". <Ref> Bamidbar 6:23</ref> | ||
# The Mitzvah isn’t strictly obligatory, but rather a Mitzvah which is an opportunity to fulfill a positive command similar to [[Tzitzit]]. <Ref>Dvar Avraham 1:31 </ref> | # The Mitzvah isn’t strictly obligatory, but rather a Mitzvah which is an opportunity to fulfill a positive command, similar to [[Tzitzit]]. <Ref>Dvar Avraham 1:31 </ref> | ||
# The Ashkenazic minhag outside Israel is not to do Birkat Cohanim except at [[Mussaf]] of [[Yom Tov]] because Birkat Cohanim should be done when people are relaxed and not bothered by work. <Ref>Rama 128:44 writes that the Ashkenazic minhag outside Israel is not to do Birkat Cohanim except at [[Mussaf]] of [[Yom Tov]] because Birkat Cohanim should be done when people are relaxed and not bothered by work. Kitzur S"A 100:1 agrees. For other reasons to explain the Ashkenazi minhag see Bet Yosef 128 quoting the Sefer Chasidim, Sh”t Zera Emet 3:13, and Sh”t Bet Efraim 6 </ref> Throughout Jewish history, some have made a great effort to change this minhag (in order to fulfill this biblical Mitzvah) and were unsuccessful. <Ref>Aruch HaShulchan 128:64 </ref> | # The Ashkenazic minhag outside Israel is not to do Birkat Cohanim except at [[Mussaf]] of [[Yom Tov]] because Birkat Cohanim should be done when people are relaxed and not bothered by work. <Ref>Rama 128:44 writes that the Ashkenazic minhag outside Israel is not to do Birkat Cohanim except at [[Mussaf]] of [[Yom Tov]] because Birkat Cohanim should be done when people are relaxed and not bothered by work. Kitzur S"A 100:1 agrees. For other reasons to explain the Ashkenazi minhag see Bet Yosef 128 quoting the Sefer Chasidim, Sh”t Zera Emet 3:13, and Sh”t Bet Efraim 6 </ref> Throughout Jewish history, some have made a great effort to change this minhag (in order to fulfill this biblical Mitzvah) and were unsuccessful. <Ref>Aruch HaShulchan 128:64 </ref> | ||
# Some have the practice not do Birkat Cohanim when [[Yom Tov]] falls out on [[Shabbat]], however, the poskim strongly disapprove of this and urge to discontinue this practice without causing conflict. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 128:165, Sh”t Igrot Moshe 3:18, 5:15. See also Kitzur S"A 100:1 who quotes the minhag not to say Birkat Cohanim when Yom | # Some have the practice not do Birkat Cohanim when [[Yom Tov]] falls out on [[Shabbat]], however, the poskim strongly disapprove of this and urge to discontinue this practice without causing conflict. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 128:165, Sh”t Igrot Moshe 3:18, 5:15. See also Kitzur S"A 100:1 who quotes the minhag not to say Birkat Cohanim when [[Yom Tov]] falls out on [[Shabbat]], but says the minhag to say it on [[Yom Tov]] even when it falls out on [[Shabbat]] is the more proper minhag. </ref> | ||
==Upon whom is the mitzvah of Birkat Cohanim?== | ==Upon whom is the mitzvah of Birkat Cohanim?== | ||
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==When is Birkat Cohanim said?== | ==When is Birkat Cohanim said?== | ||
# Birkat Cohanim is done in [[Shacharit]], [[Musaf]], and [[Ne'ilah]]. It is not done during [[Mincha]] because perhaps the Cohen drank wine, and a Cohen who is intoxicated may not do Birkat Cohanim. <ref>Rambam (Hilchot [[Tefillah]] U'Birkat Cohanim | # Birkat Cohanim is done in [[Shacharit]], [[Musaf]], and [[Ne'ilah]]. It is not done during [[Mincha]] because perhaps the Cohen drank wine, and a Cohen who is intoxicated may not do Birkat Cohanim. <ref>Rambam (Hilchot [[Tefillah]] U'Birkat Cohanim 14:1) </ref> | ||
# Therefore, during a fast day which doesn't have [[Ne'ilah]] (like [[Tish'a B'av]] (the ninth of av) or [[Shiv'a Asar B'tamuz]] ([[The 17th of Tamuz]]) we do Birkat Cohanim during [[mincha]], since we are not worried about the Cohanim being intoxicated if they are fasting. <ref>Rambam, Mishneh Torah: Hilchot [[Tefillah]] U'Birkat Cohanim | # Therefore, during a fast day which doesn't have [[Ne'ilah]] (like [[Tish'a B'av]] (the ninth of av) or [[Shiv'a Asar B'tamuz]] ([[The 17th of Tamuz]]) we do Birkat Cohanim during [[mincha]], since we are not worried about the Cohanim being intoxicated if they are fasting. <ref>Rambam, Mishneh Torah: Hilchot [[Tefillah]] U'Birkat Cohanim 14:2</ref> | ||
# There is no Birkat Cohanim at night. <ref>Yalkut Yosef, [[Tefillah]] Volume 1, page 339</ref> | # There is no Birkat Cohanim at night. <ref>Yalkut Yosef, [[Tefillah]] Volume 1, page 339</ref> | ||
# Birkat Cohanim is only said if there is a [[minyan]] and the [[minyan]] includes the Cohanim. <ref>S"A 128:1, Kitzur S"A 100:2, Mishna Brurah 128:2</ref> | # Birkat Cohanim is only said if there is a [[minyan]] and the [[minyan]] includes the Cohanim. <ref>S"A 128:1, Kitzur S"A 100:2, Mishna Brurah 128:2</ref> | ||
