Birchot Kriyat Shema: Difference between revisions

# The earliest time for shema or Brachot shema is when one can recognize an acquaintance from 4 amot away called [[Mesheyakir]], which is one hour (in Shaot Zmaniot) before Netz HaChama. Preferably, one should say it later since some hold the earliest time is closer to Netz HaChama. Additionally, the earliest time for Shemona Esreh is Netz HaChama unless it’s a Shat HaDachak (pressing need) and so one will need to wait a long time between saying Shema and Shemona Esreh and will not be able to juxtapose Geulah to Tefilah. <ref> S”A 58:1,3. Brachot 9b records the dispute between Abaye who holds the time for Shema is shortly before Netz as the practice of the Vatikin and Rav Huna who allows from when one can recognize an acquaintance from 4 amot.  There are three approaches in the Rishonim how we hold. Rambam (Keriyat Shema 1:11-12) holds like Abaye that one can say it shortly before Netz and in Shat HaDachak one can say it from Olot Hashachar. The Bet Yosef 58, Bach 58, and Pri Chadash 58:1 hold that the Rif agrees with the Rambam. Rosh (Brachot 1:10), Talmedei Rabbenu Yonah 4b, and Rashba 9b hold that Lechatchila one can say it at Olot but it’s preferable to wait until shortly before Netz. So agree majority of the Goenim and Rishonim including Siddur Rav Amram Goan 15 pg 90, Siddur Rashi 8-9, Sefer Chinuch 420, Tosfot Yoma 37b D”H Abaye, Ramban (Milchamot beginning of Brachot), Or Zaruh (Kiryat Shema 1:13), Meiri (Brachot 9b), Nemukei Yosef (Brachot 9b), Rashbetz (Brachot 9b), Ritva (Brachot 9b, Yoma 37b), and Tur 58. Rabbenu Chananel (Brachot 9b) holds one should say Vatakin by saying Shema specifically at Netz and not shortly before. So holds Bal Hamoar (Beginning of Brachot), Roke’ach 3320 pg 211, and Avudraham (Shacharit Chol 1) who says Rabbenu Hai Goan would say the brachot before Netz and Shema only at Netz, and Rabbenu Tam (Sefer Yashar Sh”t 8:1) holds like Rabbenu Chananel but for a different reason. S”A 58 and Bach 58 hold like majority of the Rishonim. So holds most Achronim. Yet Pri Chadash 58:1, Chisdei David (beginning of Brachot), Ohel Moed (Kiryat Shema 3) argue on S”A and hold like Rambam and Rif. However, Birkei Yosef 58:2 explains that S”A didn’t rule like Rif and Rambam even though usually S”A rules like the majority of the pillars of halacha who are the Rif, Rambam, and Rosh, here he wasn’t sure of the opinion of the Rif as the Rosh and Talmedei Rabbenu Yonah don’t mention his opinion. Sh”t Ish Matzliach O”C 1:15 pg 42 D”h Vehalah explains that S”A ruled like the Rosh because it was the prevalent Minhag. Concerning Brachot Kriyat Shema, Mishna Brurah 58:1 says based on Rashi (Brachot 11b D”H Yotzer Or) the Brachot Kriyat Shema can also only be said when one can recognize an acquaintance from 4 amot. So rules Halacha Brurah 58:2. </ref>