Birchot HaTorah: Difference between revisions
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==Interruptions That Would Require New Brachot== | ==Interruptions That Would Require New Brachot== | ||
===Engaging in Non-Torah Activities=== | |||
# One who stops his learning by means of working, bathing, or sleeping, is not considered to have interrupted his learning and he does not recite new brachot.<ref> Shulchan Aruch 47:10. See Tosfot [[Brachot]] 11b. | # One who stops his learning by means of working, bathing, or sleeping, is not considered to have interrupted his learning and he does not recite new brachot.<ref> Shulchan Aruch 47:10. See Tosfot [[Brachot]] 11b. | ||
* Tosfot Brachot 11a ask why a person does not need to recite Birchot HaTorah again when they stop their learning and then go back to learning. The answer given, is that a person never gives up thinking about going back to learning because a person should learn whenever he has free time. The Rosh Brachot 1:13 and Hagahot Maimoniyot (Tefillah 7:9) agree. | * Tosfot Brachot 11a ask why a person does not need to recite Birchot HaTorah again when they stop their learning and then go back to learning. The answer given, is that a person never gives up thinking about going back to learning because a person should learn whenever he has free time. The Rosh Brachot 1:13 and Hagahot Maimoniyot (Tefillah 7:9) agree. | ||
* The Agur (cited by Divrei Chamudot Brachot 1:76) explains that the reason there is no interruption when it comes to Birchot HaTorah is because a person is always involved in activities that require following halacha. The observance of halacha keeps a person’s mind connected to learning. Shulchan Aruch 47:10 holds that going to work or going to the bathroom is not considered an interruption and you do not therefore have to recite Birchot HaTorah again. </ref> | * The Agur (cited by Divrei Chamudot Brachot 1:76) explains that the reason there is no interruption when it comes to Birchot HaTorah is because a person is always involved in activities that require following halacha. The observance of halacha keeps a person’s mind connected to learning. Shulchan Aruch 47:10 holds that going to work or going to the bathroom is not considered an interruption and you do not therefore have to recite Birchot HaTorah again. </ref> | ||
===Sleeping During the Day=== | |||
# If one slept during the day for a long period of time one does not recite Birchot HaTorah again upon [[waking up]]. Even though there is what to rely on for one to recite the brachot again, the Minhag HaOlam is not to do so, and one should instead hear them from someone who is obligated to recite them (both must have kavana, and after the bracha, both learn some pesukim such as Parshat [[Birkat Cohanim]]). <Ref> Shulchan Aruch 47:11 quotes those who say that a fixed sleep during the day is a [[hefsek]], and then quotes those who say that it is not a [[hefsek]]; the minhag follows the latter view. However, Eliyah Rabba 47:9 quotes many poskim who say that one should recite a bracha and agrees with them; Mishna Brurah 47:25 quotes many main acharonim who say to recite Birchot HaTorah, and concludes that one who does will not lose out. However, many contemporary poskim including Piskei Teshuvot 47:14, Halichos Shlomo [[Tefilla]] ch. 6 fnt. 6, Rivevos Ephraim 8:609:1, Ishei Yisrael 6:25, Karna Deigrata 1:133, Halachically Speaking (vol 3, article 1, pg 5), and Piskei Teshuvot 47:14 write that the minhag is not to recite any Birchot HaTorah after sleeping again in the day. Halichot Shlomo 6:2 writes that the minhag is that we don't recite new brachot hatorah after a daytime sleep. He explains that by doing so we indicate that the birchot hatorah aren't simply for the words of Torah but for the all encompassing obligation of learning Torah. Halichot Shlomo 6:3 writes that one shouldn't recite a stipulation that one's birchot hatorah expire after one takes a nap. Even though it would be effective it is degrading the takana of chazal.</ref> | # If one slept during the day for a long period of time one does not recite Birchot HaTorah again upon [[waking up]]. Even though there is what to rely on for one to recite the brachot again, the Minhag HaOlam is not to do so, and one should instead hear them from someone who is obligated to recite them (both must have kavana, and after the bracha, both learn some pesukim such as Parshat [[Birkat Cohanim]]). <Ref> Shulchan Aruch 47:11 quotes those who say that a fixed sleep during the day is a [[hefsek]], and then quotes those who say that it is not a [[hefsek]]; the minhag follows the latter view. However, Eliyah Rabba 47:9 quotes many poskim who say that one should recite a bracha and agrees with them; Mishna Brurah 47:25 quotes many main acharonim who say to recite Birchot HaTorah, and concludes that one who does will not lose out. However, many contemporary poskim including Piskei Teshuvot 47:14, Halichos Shlomo [[Tefilla]] ch. 6 fnt. 6, Rivevos Ephraim 8:609:1, Ishei Yisrael 6:25, Karna Deigrata 1:133, Halachically Speaking (vol 3, article 1, pg 5), and Piskei Teshuvot 47:14 write that the minhag is not to recite any Birchot HaTorah after sleeping again in the day. Halichot Shlomo 6:2 writes that the minhag is that we don't recite new brachot hatorah after a daytime sleep. He explains that by doing so we indicate that the birchot hatorah aren't simply for the words of Torah but for the all encompassing obligation of learning Torah. Halichot Shlomo 6:3 writes that one shouldn't recite a stipulation that one's birchot hatorah expire after one takes a nap. Even though it would be effective it is degrading the takana of chazal.</ref> | ||
===Women=== | |||
# Women do not need to recite Birchot Hatorah multiple times a day.<ref>Tzlach Brachot 11b writes that since women aren’t obligated to learn Torah they should recite brachot hatorah every time they learn. | # Women do not need to recite Birchot Hatorah multiple times a day.<ref>Tzlach Brachot 11b writes that since women aren’t obligated to learn Torah they should recite brachot hatorah every time they learn. | ||
* Bear Yakov 47:14 (Rav Chaim Krizer) writes that women don't need to recite new brachot everytime they learn as long as they planned to learn more like the Magen Avraham says about men. Also, according to Rabbenu Tam it is a bracha of shevach so they don't have to recite it again. | * Bear Yakov 47:14 (Rav Chaim Krizer) writes that women don't need to recite new brachot everytime they learn as long as they planned to learn more like the Magen Avraham says about men. Also, according to Rabbenu Tam it is a bracha of shevach so they don't have to recite it again. | ||
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* Rivevot Efraim 5:43 quotes Rav Chaim Kanievsky, Rav Chaim Dovid Halevi, Halichot Bayta p. 20, and Halichot Bat Yisrael p. 118 who say that who do not need to recite new brachot hatorah multiple times a day. Minchat Chen 1:4 and Halichot Shlomo 1:4 agree. Rav Shlomo Zalman explained it based on the fact that the women are cognizant of halacha all day.</ref> | * Rivevot Efraim 5:43 quotes Rav Chaim Kanievsky, Rav Chaim Dovid Halevi, Halichot Bayta p. 20, and Halichot Bat Yisrael p. 118 who say that who do not need to recite new brachot hatorah multiple times a day. Minchat Chen 1:4 and Halichot Shlomo 1:4 agree. Rav Shlomo Zalman explained it based on the fact that the women are cognizant of halacha all day.</ref> | ||
=== | ===Learning and Sleeping at Night=== | ||
====The Night Follows the Day==== | |||
# The night goes after the day with regards to Birchot HaTorah; therefore, one does not recite new Birchot HaTorah when night begins. However, if one goes to sleep at night, one will need to recite new Birchot HaTorah when one wakes up.<ref> Shulchan Aruch O.C. 47:12, Mishna Brurah 47:28 </ref>. | # The night goes after the day with regards to Birchot HaTorah; therefore, one does not recite new Birchot HaTorah when night begins. However, if one goes to sleep at night, one will need to recite new Birchot HaTorah when one wakes up.<ref> Shulchan Aruch O.C. 47:12, Mishna Brurah 47:28 </ref>. | ||
# If one | ===Beds and Chairs=== | ||
# If a person took a nap while in a chair leaning on his hands he doesn't recite new Birchot Hatorah when he wakes up and wants to learn.<ref>Shulchan Aruch O.C. 47:10, Mishna Brurah 47:23</ref> However, if he sleeps the entire night in a chair and that is normal for him, such as is common on an airplane, he can recite Birchot Hatorah anew after sleeping.<Ref>Dirshu 47:25</ref> | |||
# If someone goes to sleep on a bed at night even for a short period of time that would require new Birchot Hatorah. However, if he naps in his clothing in his bed some say that he doesn't need to recite new Birchot Hatorah while others disagree.<ref>Dirshu 47:25 quotes that Rav Shlomo Zalman and Chazon Ish held that going to sleep in one's clothing is shenat aray, Rav Elyashiv argued since it is in one's bed.</ref> | |||
====Waking Up In Middle of the Night==== | |||
# If someone went to sleep at night and got up to learn before [[Olot HaShachar]] (after [[Chatzot]]) and is planning to go back to sleep afterwards should recite Birchot Hatorah when he woke up in the middle of the night as well as in the morning. However, some Ashkenazic poskim say that he should only recite Birchot Hatorah once in the morning and he is exempt when he woke up in the middle of the night from reciting Birchot Hatorah.<ref>Mishna Brurah 47:29 writes that if a person went to sleep, got up to learn, and is planning on going back to sleep according to Rabbenu Tam once one made the bracha when he got up in the middle of the night he is exempt from reciting another bracha in the morning. However, according to most rishonim one should recite a bracha both times. He leaves it as one who recites the bracha doesn't lose anything. Similarly, Rav Nevenzal in Mishna Brurah 47:28 quotes Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach as holding that if one gets up in the middle of the night and goes back to sleep he should recite Birchot Hatorah twice, once in the middle of the night and once in the morning. However, Minchat Yitzchak 10:7 writes that one shouldn't recite Birchot Hatorah in the middle of the night except one should say it without Shem Umalchut. Then in the morning after one's primary sleep one should recite Birchot Hatorah. | |||
* Aruch Hashulchan 47:23 agrees with only saying it once but presents a compromise to determine when to say it. If a person woke up before Chatzot and is going to go back to sleep he shouldn't recite Birchot Hatorah, but he is woke up after Chatzot and is going to go back to sleep he should recite Birchot Hatorah. Aromemcha Elokay Hamelech p. 87 quotes Rav Tzvi Weber who agrees with the Aruch Hashulchan.</ref> | |||
#Someone who wakes up early in the morning before dawn can recite all the brachot ([[Birchot HaShachar]] and Birchot HaTorah) except Hanoten LeSachvi Binah and Parshat HaTamid which should wait until Or hayom. The Birchot HaTorah then covers his brachot all day.<ref> Shulchan Aruch 47:13 </ref> | #Someone who wakes up early in the morning before dawn can recite all the brachot ([[Birchot HaShachar]] and Birchot HaTorah) except Hanoten LeSachvi Binah and Parshat HaTamid which should wait until Or hayom. The Birchot HaTorah then covers his brachot all day.<ref> Shulchan Aruch 47:13 </ref> | ||
====Staying Up All Night==== | |||
# If one did not sleep all night, such as on the night of [[Shavuot]], there is a dispute whether one should recite Birchot HaTorah or not. According to Ashkenazim, one should try to hear the brachot from someone else, and then say some psukim afterwards. If one is unable to do that, one should have intent that one's bracha of Ahava Rabba should count for Birchot HaTorah, and then learn after [[tefillah]].<ref>Mishna Brurah 47:28, Rabbi Hershel Schachter (cited by Bet Yitzchak vol 30, p. 592). The side that says one should say it views Birchot HaTorah as similar to other Birchot HaShachar, which are said every morning, regardless of whether one slept or not. </ref> However, the Sephardic minhag is to say Birchot HaTorah by oneself.<ref>Chazon Ovadyah ([[Yom Tov]] p. 312)</ref> | # If one did not sleep all night, such as on the night of [[Shavuot]], there is a dispute whether one should recite Birchot HaTorah or not. According to Ashkenazim, one should try to hear the brachot from someone else, and then say some psukim afterwards. If one is unable to do that, one should have intent that one's bracha of Ahava Rabba should count for Birchot HaTorah, and then learn after [[tefillah]].<ref>Mishna Brurah 47:28, Rabbi Hershel Schachter (cited by Bet Yitzchak vol 30, p. 592). The side that says one should say it views Birchot HaTorah as similar to other Birchot HaShachar, which are said every morning, regardless of whether one slept or not. </ref> However, the Sephardic minhag is to say Birchot HaTorah by oneself.<ref>Chazon Ovadyah ([[Yom Tov]] p. 312)</ref> | ||
# If one slept Shinat Kevah the day before staying up all night, one should recite the Birchot HaTorah in the morning after one did not sleep. <Ref> Mishna Brurah 47:28 in name of Rabbi Akiva Eiger </ref> | # If one slept Shinat Kevah the day before staying up all night, one should recite the Birchot HaTorah in the morning after one did not sleep. <Ref> Mishna Brurah 47:28 in name of Rabbi Akiva Eiger </ref> | ||
===Waking up in Middle of the Night=== | ===Waking up in Middle of the Night=== | ||
# See the [[Waking_up_in_the_middle_of_the_night|Waking up in the Middle of the Night]] page. | # See the [[Waking_up_in_the_middle_of_the_night|Waking up in the Middle of the Night]] page. | ||
