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Birchot HaTorah: Difference between revisions
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==Obligation== | ==Obligation== | ||
# One should be very careful about Birchot HaTorah to say them before learning. <Ref>S”A 47:1 </ref>The [[Brachot]] should be said with great Simcha (happiness) that we’re fortunate to be chosen and be privileged with the Torah. <ref>Mishna Brurah 47:4 </ref> | # One should be very careful about Birchot HaTorah to say them before learning. <Ref>S”A 47:1 </ref>The [[Brachot]] should be said with great Simcha (happiness) that we’re fortunate to be chosen and be privileged with the Torah. <ref>Mishna Brurah 47:4 </ref> | ||
# Before one learns Torah one must | # Before one learns Torah one must recite the [[Birchot]] HaTorah <ref> Ramban in Sefer HaMitzvot of the Rambam adds Birkat HaTorah as a Mitzvah Deoritta based on Gemara [[Brachot]] which learns these [[Brachot]] from the Pasuk ''“Ki Shem Hashem Ekrah Havu Godel LeElokenu"''. See Ramban there and Minchat [[Chinuch]] 430:5 who classify these [[Brachot]] as [[Brachot]] of praise. Because of the dispute in the Rishonim whether these [[Brachot]] are Deoritta or Derabanan the rule of [[Safek Brachot LeHakel]] still applies. </ref> | ||
## Baruch Atta | |||
## VeHaRev Nah Hashem | ==The Text of the Brachot== | ||
## Baruch Atta | # The first bracha Ashkenazim conclude with the words “LaAsoak BeDivrei Torah” and Sephardim conclude with the words “Al Divrei Torah" <ref> S”A 47:5 based on Rif (Brachot 5b), Rambam (Tefilah 7:10), Talmedei Rabbenu Yonah (Brachot 5b D”H Maiy Mevarech) and Arizal (Shaar Kavonot Nusach Hatefilah) have the version of Sephardim - Al Divrei Torah. Rosh ([[Brachot]] 1:13) and Tur 47 have the version of the Ashkenazim of LaAsoak BeDivrei Torah. </ref> | ||
# The second section begins VeHaRev Nah with a Vav. Some Ashkenazim have the custom to say it without a Vav. <ref> S”A 47:6 based on Tosfot ([[Brachot]] 46a s.v. Kol, Ketubot 8a s.v. Shehakol in name of Rabbenu Tam), Rosh ([[Brachot]] 1:13), Rabbenu Yonah (5b s.v. Veha), Rashi 11b s.v. VeRabbi Yochanan, and Mordechai 31 hold that Harev Nah of Birchat HaTorah starts with a vav. This opinion holds that really there's only two brachot of Birkat HaTorah. Rama 47:6 says that the practice is say it without a Vav but it’s better to say it without a vav to satisfy all opinions. This opinion is sourced in the Rambam (Tefilah 7:10), Rashba (Brachot 11b s.v. VeRabbi Yochanan), Bal HaMor s.v. Maiym, and Avudraham pg 44. This opinion holds that Birkat HaTorah is really three brachot.</ref> | |||
# When saying Birchot HaTorah especially “VeNehiyeh Anachnu VeTzeTzeynu” one should pray for one’s children to be Talmidei Chachamim, Tzaddikim, and Baalei [[Middot]]. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 47:9, 10 </ref> | |||
# The minhag is to say the Pesukim of [[Birkat Cohanim]] and the משניות of Elu Devarim after Birchot HaTorah. If one didn’t learn then, it’s a dispute whether one fulfilled one’s obligation and so one should have intent to fulfill one’s obligation with the Bracha of Ahava Rabba. <Ref>S”A 47:9-10, Mishna Brurah 47:19-20 </ref> | |||
# There is a dispute whether the first bracha of Birchot HaTorah includes Haarev Nah or not. In light of this, there's a dispute whether one should answer [[Amen]] if one hears someone finish the bracha of LaAsok BeDivrei Torah, for Ashkenazim, or Al Divrei Torah, for Sephardim. Therefore, some advise saying this bracha quietly so that the listener won't be in doubt whether to answer [[Amen]] or not. <ref>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 7:1</ref> | |||
[[Image:Text_of_Birchot_HaTorah.png|650px]] | |||
## Baruch Atta Hashem… Asher Kidishanu BeMitzvotav… Lasoak B'divrei Torah (Sephardi: Al Divrei Torah). | |||
## VeHaRev Nah Hashem Elokenu… Halomed Torah LeAmo Yisrael. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 47:6 rules that the Bracha of HaRev Nah begins with the letter Vav to connect it to the last Bracha. The Rama writes that others hold that one should say it without a vav, it's better to say it with a vav. Magen Avraham 47:4 explains that the vav shows that the first and text [[brachot]] are really one long bracha, and the opinion that the Rama quotes who argues that there should be no vav holds that they are considered two separate [[brachot]]. Mishna Brurah 47:11 agrees.</ref> | |||
## Baruch Atta Hashem… Asher Bachar Banu Mekol HaAmim… Baruch Atta Hashem Noten HaTorah <ref> S”A 47:5 </ref> | |||
==The extent of the obligation== | ==The extent of the obligation== | ||
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# Telling someone a halacha without giving a reason is a dispute of the poskim and should be strict to say Torah [[Brachot]]. <ref> Rama on S”A 47:4 based on Ran ([[Shabbat]] 4b s.v. Makom, Avoda Zara 19b s.v. Tana) allows this because it’s just like thoughts of torah. However Yalkut Yosef 47:7 rules that because of a double doubt one should be strict to make [[Brachot]]. </ref> | # Telling someone a halacha without giving a reason is a dispute of the poskim and should be strict to say Torah [[Brachot]]. <ref> Rama on S”A 47:4 based on Ran ([[Shabbat]] 4b s.v. Makom, Avoda Zara 19b s.v. Tana) allows this because it’s just like thoughts of torah. However Yalkut Yosef 47:7 rules that because of a double doubt one should be strict to make [[Brachot]]. </ref> | ||
# One who hears a berachah may answer [[Amen]] before reciting these [[berachot]]. One also may answer Kedushah before reciting these [[berachot]], even though the responses are themselves biblical verses. <ref> Sh"t Rivivot Ephraim 1:39:1 </ref> | # One who hears a berachah may answer [[Amen]] before reciting these [[berachot]]. One also may answer Kedushah before reciting these [[berachot]], even though the responses are themselves biblical verses. <ref> Sh"t Rivivot Ephraim 1:39:1 </ref> | ||
==Someone who forgot to make the Brachot== | ==Someone who forgot to make the Brachot== | ||
