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Birchot HaTorah: Difference between revisions
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==What type of learning requires Birchot HaTorah?== | ==What type of learning requires Birchot HaTorah?== | ||
# Writing Torah even without reading, if one understands what he’s reading, it is considered learning for which you have to make Birchot HaTorah. <ref> S”A 47:3 based on Avudraham pg 32. Magan Avraham 47:1 adds that one has to understand what he’s writing to be considered learning, but just copying over text isn’t learning. This is also the opinion of Buir Heitev 47:2 </ref> | # Writing Torah even without reading, if one understands what he’s reading, it is considered learning for which you have to make Birchot HaTorah. <ref> S”A 47:3 based on Avudraham pg 32. Magan Avraham 47:1 adds that one has to understand what he’s writing to be considered learning, but just copying over text isn’t learning. This is also the opinion of Buir Heitev 47:2 </ref> | ||
# According to Ashkenazim, because of a dispute one should not think Torah before amking Birchot HaTorah, however it’s permissible to do a Mitzvah even though it’ll cause one to thing about the laws of the Mitzvah. <ref>Mishna Brurah 47:7 because of the Gra who argues on S"A. </ref> However, according to Sephardim thinking words of Torah don't require Birchot HaTorah and so it's permissible to think Torah before Birchat HaTorah. <ref> S”A 47:4 based on [[Shabbat]] 151a, Agur 2, and Tosfot 20b | # According to Ashkenazim, because of a dispute one should not think Torah before amking Birchot HaTorah, however it’s permissible to do a Mitzvah even though it’ll cause one to thing about the laws of the Mitzvah. <ref>Mishna Brurah 47:7 because of the Gra who argues on S"A. </ref> However, according to Sephardim thinking words of Torah don't require Birchot HaTorah and so it's permissible to think Torah before Birchat HaTorah. <ref> S”A 47:4 based on [[Shabbat]] 151a, Agur 2, and Tosfot 20b s.v. VeRav Chisda. This is also the opinion of Yalkut Yosef (vol 3 pg 81) that it's permissible to think Torah before Birchat HaTorah. </ref> | ||
# Hearing a speech of Divrei Torah from a person or a electronic device requires a Brachot. <ref> Yalkut Yosef 47:5 </ref> | # Hearing a speech of Divrei Torah from a person or a electronic device requires a Brachot. <ref> Yalkut Yosef 47:5 </ref> | ||
# Looking into a Sefer Kodesh and only reading with one’s eyes, even without saying the words, requires Brachot. <ref> Yalkut Yosef 47:6 </ref> | # Looking into a Sefer Kodesh and only reading with one’s eyes, even without saying the words, requires Brachot. <ref> Yalkut Yosef 47:6 </ref> | ||
# Telling someone a halacha without giving a reason is a dispute of the posikim and should be strict to say Torah Brachot. <ref> Rama on S”A 47:4 based on Ran ([[Shabbat]] 4b | # Telling someone a halacha without giving a reason is a dispute of the posikim and should be strict to say Torah Brachot. <ref> Rama on S”A 47:4 based on Ran ([[Shabbat]] 4b s.v. Makom, Avoda Zara 19b s.v. Tana) allows this because it’s just like thoughts of torah. However Yalkut Yosef 47:7 rules that because of a double doubt one should be strict to make Brachot. </ref> | ||
==The Text of the Brachot== | ==The Text of the Brachot== | ||
# The first bracha Ashkenzim conclude with the words “LaAsoak BeDivrei Torah” and Sephardim conclude with the words “Al | # The first bracha Ashkenzim conclude with the words “LaAsoak BeDivrei Torah” and Sephardim conclude with the words “Al s.v. Maiy Mevarech) and Arizal (Shaar Kavonot Nusach Hatefilah) have the version of Sephardim- Al Divrei Torah. Rosh (Brachot 1:13) and Tur 47 have the version of the Ashkenazim of LaAsoak BeDivrei Torah. </ref> | ||
# The second bracha begins with VeHaRev with a Vav. Some Ashkenazim have the custom to say it without a Vav. <ref> S”A 47:6 based on Tosfot (Brachot 46a | # The second bracha begins with VeHaRev with a Vav. Some Ashkenazim have the custom to say it without a Vav. <ref> S”A 47:6 based on Tosfot (Brachot 46a s.v. Kol, Ketubot 8a s.v. Shehakol in name of Rabbenu Tam), Rosh (Brachot 1:13), Rabbenu Yonah 5b s.v. Veha, Rashi 11b s.v. VeRabbi Yochanan, and Mordechai 31. Rama says that the practice is say it without a Vav but it’s better to say it without a vav to satisfy all opinions. This opinion is sourced in the Rambam (Tefilah 7:10, Rashba 11b s.v. VeRabbi Yochanan, Bal HaMor s.v. Maiym, and Avudraham pg 44. </ref> | ||
# When saying Birchot HaTorah especially “VeNehiyeh Anachnu VeTzeTzeynu” on should pray for one’s children to be Talmidei Chachamim, Tzaddikim, and Baalei Middot. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 47:9, 10 </ref> | # When saying Birchot HaTorah especially “VeNehiyeh Anachnu VeTzeTzeynu” on should pray for one’s children to be Talmidei Chachamim, Tzaddikim, and Baalei Middot. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 47:9, 10 </ref> | ||
# The minhag is to say the Pesukim of Birkat Cohanim and the משניות of Elu Devarim after Birchot HaTorah. If one didn’t learn then, it’s a dispute whether one fulfilled one’s obligation and so one should have intent to fulfill one’s obligation with the Bracha of Ahava Rabba. <Ref>S”A 47:9-10, Mishna Brurah 47:19-20 </ref> | # The minhag is to say the Pesukim of Birkat Cohanim and the משניות of Elu Devarim after Birchot HaTorah. If one didn’t learn then, it’s a dispute whether one fulfilled one’s obligation and so one should have intent to fulfill one’s obligation with the Bracha of Ahava Rabba. <Ref>S”A 47:9-10, Mishna Brurah 47:19-20 </ref> | ||
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==Someone who forgot to make the Brachot== | ==Someone who forgot to make the Brachot== | ||
# The Bracha of Ahavat Olam (the second bracha of Birchot [[Kriyat Shema]]) exempts one’s obligation of Birchot HaTorah only if one learns immediately after Tefilah. <ref> S”A 47:7 based on Brachot 11b says that one can fulfill the Brachot with the Bracha before Shema. Mishna Brurah 47:15 in name of Levush says that one can finish tefilah and it’s not called an interruption. Beiur Halacha | # The Bracha of Ahavat Olam (the second bracha of Birchot [[Kriyat Shema]]) exempts one’s obligation of Birchot HaTorah only if one learns immediately after Tefilah. <ref> S”A 47:7 based on Brachot 11b says that one can fulfill the Brachot with the Bracha before Shema. Mishna Brurah 47:15 in name of Levush says that one can finish tefilah and it’s not called an interruption. Beiur Halacha s.v. Im Lamad implies from the Or Zaruh that finishing tefilah is ok but talking would be an interruption. </ref> | ||
# If one forgot if he said the Birchot HaTorah (and didn’t yet say Ahavat Olam), Sephardim shouldn’t make a bracha, but Ashkenazim can make the Asher Bachar Banu Bracha. <ref>Sephardim don’t make a bracha because it’s a safek Brachot lehakel since it’s a dispute in the rishonim if Birchot HaTorah is Deoritta (Ramban) or Derabanan (Rambam). This is also the opinion of (Yalkut Yosef Hilchot Pesukei Dezimrah 47:2 pg 60). Ashkenazim can make the Asher Bachar Banu bracha as the Mishna Brurah 47:1 says in the name of the Shagat Aryeh. </ref> | # If one forgot if he said the Birchot HaTorah (and didn’t yet say Ahavat Olam), Sephardim shouldn’t make a bracha, but Ashkenazim can make the Asher Bachar Banu Bracha. <ref>Sephardim don’t make a bracha because it’s a safek Brachot lehakel since it’s a dispute in the rishonim if Birchot HaTorah is Deoritta (Ramban) or Derabanan (Rambam). This is also the opinion of (Yalkut Yosef Hilchot Pesukei Dezimrah 47:2 pg 60). Ashkenazim can make the Asher Bachar Banu bracha as the Mishna Brurah 47:1 says in the name of the Shagat Aryeh. </ref> | ||
==How they are to be said== | ==How they are to be said== | ||
# The Brachot can be said standing or sitting. <ref> Yalkut Yosef 47:15 pg 94 </ref> | # The Brachot can be said standing or sitting. <ref> Yalkut Yosef 47:15 pg 94 </ref> | ||
# Some say that one can interrupt between the Brachot and the learning, but it’s correct not to, and so the practice is the say the Parshat Birkat Cohanim right after the Brachot. <ref> S”A 47:9. Tosfot Brachot 11b | # Some say that one can interrupt between the Brachot and the learning, but it’s correct not to, and so the practice is the say the Parshat Birkat Cohanim right after the Brachot. <ref> S”A 47:9. Tosfot Brachot 11b s.v. Shkevar in name of the Ri, Rabbenu Yonah 5b, and Mordechai 31 hold an interruption isn’t a problem. Rambam (as understood by Bet Yosef) holds one can’t make an interruption. Magan Avraham 47:8 says that one can say these pesukim even before daylight unlike the Maharshal who says one doesn’t read pesukim of Birkat Cohanim at night. </ref> | ||
==Interruptions that would require new Brachot== | ==Interruptions that would require new Brachot== | ||
