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Birchot HaShachar: Difference between revisions
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# If one slept well after nightfall, one may recite Birchot HaShachar at [[Chatzot]] even if one plans on going back to sleep. Elokai Neshama and HaMaavir Sheina, however, should only be said after one got up and when one no longer plans on going back to sleep. One who forgot to say the Birchot HaShachar before [[davening]], may say them afterwards, besides [[Birchot HaTorah]] and Elokai Neshama, as a result of some debate. <ref>Shulchan Aruch 47:13, Mishna Brurah 47:30 and 52:9-10</ref> | # If one slept well after nightfall, one may recite Birchot HaShachar at [[Chatzot]] even if one plans on going back to sleep. Elokai Neshama and HaMaavir Sheina, however, should only be said after one got up and when one no longer plans on going back to sleep. One who forgot to say the Birchot HaShachar before [[davening]], may say them afterwards, besides [[Birchot HaTorah]] and Elokai Neshama, as a result of some debate. <ref>Shulchan Aruch 47:13, Mishna Brurah 47:30 and 52:9-10</ref> | ||
# If one woke up before [[Olot HaShachar]] and one plans on going to sleep afterwards, one should make Birchot HaShachar except for Elokai Neshama and HaMaavir Shenah which should be said without [[Shem UMalchut]]. In the morning, one should make Elokai Netsor and HaMaavir Shenah with [[Shem UMalchut]]. <Ref> Mishna Brurah 47:30 </ref> However, if one slept the day before some say one may make the bracha oneself. <Ref> Piskei Teshuvot 494:7 </ref> | # If one woke up before [[Olot HaShachar]] and one plans on going to sleep afterwards, one should make Birchot HaShachar except for Elokai Neshama and HaMaavir Shenah which should be said without [[Shem UMalchut]]. In the morning, one should make Elokai Netsor and HaMaavir Shenah with [[Shem UMalchut]]. <Ref> Mishna Brurah 47:30 </ref> However, if one slept the day before some say one may make the bracha oneself. <Ref> Piskei Teshuvot 494:7 </ref> | ||
# According to some poskim, the bracha "Sheasa Li Kol Tzorki" should not be recited on [[Yom Kippur]] and [[Tisha BeAv]]. <ref> Ben Ish Hai, Vayeshev, 9; Kaf Hachaim 46:17 </ref> Others disagree. <ref> Chazon Ovadyah (Yamim Noraim pg 320), Mishna Brurah 554:31, | # According to some poskim, the bracha "Sheasa Li Kol Tzorki" should not be recited on [[Yom Kippur]] and [[Tisha BeAv]]. <ref> Ben Ish Hai, Vayeshev, 9; Kaf Hachaim 46:17 </ref> Others disagree. <ref> Chazon Ovadyah (Yamim Noraim pg 320), Mishna Brurah 554:31, [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/displayRead.asp?readID=951 Rabbi Eli Mansour] </ref> | ||
# Ideally, Birchot HaShachar should be recited before the 4th Halachik hour of the day, but may be recited until midday. If one did not yet do so, one may recite Birchot HaShachar until one goes to sleep at night, as there is no definitive | # Ideally, Birchot HaShachar should be recited before the 4th Halachik hour of the day, but may be recited until midday. If one did not yet do so, one may recite Birchot HaShachar until one goes to sleep at night, as there is no definitive zman (time frame) in which to say them. <ref>Shulchan Aruch 47:13, Mishna Brurah 47:30 and 52:9-10, Yechave Daat 4:4. Derech Hachaim 247:4 writes that according to the Magen Avraham 71:1 the time for Birchat Hashachar is until the 4th hour of the day. Biur Halacha 52:1 s.v. kol disagrees. He accepts the Maamar Mordechai and Nahar Shalom that the time is all day. He also cites the Maaseh Rav that it can even be said by day. Mishna Brurah 52:10 concludes that initially one should say the birchot hashachar before 4 hours or Chatzot.</ref> | ||
# Sephardim have a minhag to say the birchot hashachar before putting on Tefillin.<Ref>Kaf Hachaim 46:2 writes that the Arizal's practice was to say Birchot Hashachar, Akeda, and then put on Tallit and Tefillin.</ref> | |||
==How to Make the Brachot== | ==How to Make the Brachot== | ||
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==Who Is Obligated in these Brachot?== | ==Who Is Obligated in these Brachot?== | ||
# Even though the [[brachot]] were instituted for particular action or enjoyment, even if one does not do that action or get that enjoyment the [[brachot]] are still made, for example, one should make HaNoten LiSichvei Binah even if one did not hear the rooster crow, or a blind person can make the bracha of Pokeach Ivrim. <Ref>Rama 46:8, Mishna Brurah 46:25, Yalkut Yosef Hilchot Birkot Hashachar, Birkot Hatorah and Psukei Dizimra 5764 page 11. </ref> | # Even though the [[brachot]] were instituted for particular action or enjoyment, even if one does not do that action or get that enjoyment the [[brachot]] are still made, for example, one should make HaNoten LiSichvei Binah even if one did not hear the rooster crow, or a blind person can make the bracha of Pokeach Ivrim. <Ref>Rama 46:8, Mishna Brurah 46:25, Yalkut Yosef Hilchot Birkot Hashachar, Birkot Hatorah and Psukei Dizimra 5764 page 11. </ref> | ||
# Women make Birchot HaShachar except that instead of Shelo Asani Isha they say Sheasani Kirtzono without reciting Hashem's name. Instead of Shelo Asani Aved, they say Shelo Asani Shifcha and instead of Shelo Asani Goy they say Shelo Asani Goya. <ref>Yechave Daat 4:4, Yalkut Yosef Hilchot Birkot Hashachar, Birkot Hatorah and Psukei Dizimra 5764 page 26. </ref> | # Women make Birchot HaShachar except that instead of Shelo Asani Isha they say Sheasani Kirtzono without reciting Hashem's name. Instead of Shelo Asani Aved, they say Shelo Asani Shifcha and instead of Shelo Asani Goy they say Shelo Asani Goya. <ref>Ben Ish Chai in [http://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=41237&pgnum=44 Od Yosef Chay Vayeshev n. 9], Yechave Daat 4:4, Yalkut Yosef Hilchot Birkot Hashachar, Birkot Hatorah and Psukei Dizimra 5764 page 26. </ref> | ||
# If a blind person wants he can recite Pokeach Ivrim but if they ask, we tell them not to recite it because of the concept of safek brachot lihakel. <ref> Yalkut Yosef Birkot Hashachar, Birkot Hatorah and Psukei Dizimra 5764 page 27. </ref> | # If a blind person wants he can recite Pokeach Ivrim but if they ask, we tell them not to recite it because of the concept of safek brachot lihakel. <ref> Yalkut Yosef Birkot Hashachar, Birkot Hatorah and Psukei Dizimra 5764 page 27. </ref> | ||
# A convert cannot recite Shelo Asani Goy but if they want to they can recite it without Hashem's name. <ref> Yalkut Yosef Birkot Hashachar, Birkot Hatorah and Psukei Dizimra 5764 page 31.</ref> | # A convert cannot recite Shelo Asani Goy but if they want to they can recite it without Hashem's name. <ref> Yalkut Yosef Birkot Hashachar, Birkot Hatorah and Psukei Dizimra 5764 page 31.</ref> | ||
==If | ==If One Has Not Slept at Night== | ||
# Even if one did not sleep at all at night, Ashkenazim may nevertheless make all the Birchot HaShachar except for Elokai Nishama, HaMaavir Sheynah, and [[Birchot HaTorah]] which one should hear from and be motzi by someone who has slept. <Ref> Rama 46:8, Mishna Brurah 46:24 </ref>Sephardim may make all the Birchot HaShachar (including [[Birchot HaTorah]]) except for [[Netilat Yadayim]] (and [[Asher Yatzer]] which one could make oneself if one goes to the bathroom). <ref>Kaf HaChaim 46:49, Sh"t Yabia Omer 5:6, Tefillah KeHilchata (chap 9 note 159) quoting Chacham Ben Tzion Abba Shaul, Yalkut Yosef Birkot Hashachar, Birkot Hatorah and Psukei Dizimra 5764 page 13 </ref> | # Even if one did not sleep at all at night, Ashkenazim may nevertheless make all the Birchot HaShachar except for Elokai Nishama, HaMaavir Sheynah, and [[Birchot HaTorah]] which one should hear from and be motzi by someone who has slept.<Ref> Rama 46:8, Mishna Brurah 46:24 </ref>Sephardim may make all the Birchot HaShachar (including [[Birchot HaTorah]]) except for [[Netilat Yadayim]] (and [[Asher Yatzer]] which one could make oneself if one goes to the bathroom). <ref> Kaf HaChaim 46:49, Sh"t Yabia Omer 5:6, Tefillah KeHilchata (chap 9 note 159) quoting Chacham Ben Tzion Abba Shaul, Yalkut Yosef Birkot Hashachar, Birkot Hatorah and Psukei Dizimra 5764 page 13 </ref> | ||
==If | ==If One Forgot to Say Birchot HaShachar== | ||
# If one forgot to say Birchot HaShachar and remembered in middle of [[Pesukei DeZimrah]] one should say it between the paragraphs in [[Pesukei DeZimrah]]. <Ref>Ishei Yisrael 5:27 </ref> | # If one forgot to say Birchot HaShachar and remembered in middle of [[Pesukei DeZimrah]] one should say it between the paragraphs in [[Pesukei DeZimrah]]. <Ref>Ishei Yisrael 5:27 </ref> | ||
# If one forgot to say Birchot HaShachar and only remembered in [[Kriyat Shema|Brachot Kriyat Shema]] one should not interrupt to say the Birchot HaShachar but rather have intent not to fulfill one’s obligation of Elokai Nishama with the bracha of Mechaya Meytim. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 52:9 </ref> | # If one forgot to say Birchot HaShachar and only remembered in [[Kriyat Shema|Brachot Kriyat Shema]] one should not interrupt to say the Birchot HaShachar but rather have intent not to fulfill one’s obligation of Elokai Nishama with the bracha of Mechaya Meytim. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 52:9 </ref> | ||
# If one forgot to say Birchot HaShachar before [[davening]] one may say all the Birchot HaShachar afterwards except for Elokai Nishama which some say was fulfilled with the bracha of Mechaye Maytim. <Ref>Kaf HaChaim 46:9, Mishna Brurah 52:9 </ref> | # If one forgot to say Birchot HaShachar before [[davening]] one may say all the Birchot HaShachar afterwards except for Elokai Nishama which some say was fulfilled with the bracha of Mechaye Maytim. <Ref>Kaf HaChaim 46:9, Mishna Brurah 52:9 </ref> | ||
==If | ==If One Forgot to Say Birchot HaTorah== | ||
# If one forgot to say [[Birchot HaTorah]] and remembered in middle of [[Pesukei DeZimrah]] one should say it between the paragraphs in [[Pesukei DeZimrah]]. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 51:10 </ref> | # If one forgot to say [[Birchot HaTorah]] and remembered in middle of [[Pesukei DeZimrah]] one should say it between the paragraphs in [[Pesukei DeZimrah]]. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 51:10 </ref> | ||
# If one forgot to say [[Birchot HaTorah]] and only remembered in [[Kriyat Shema|Brachot Kriyat Shema]] one should not interrupt to say the [[Brachot]] but rather have intent to fulfill one’s obligation of [[Birchot HaTorah]] with Ahavat Olam and then learn a little right after [[davening]]. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 52:9 </ref> | # If one forgot to say [[Birchot HaTorah]] and only remembered in [[Kriyat Shema|Brachot Kriyat Shema]] one should not interrupt to say the [[Brachot]] but rather have intent to fulfill one’s obligation of [[Birchot HaTorah]] with Ahavat Olam and then learn a little right after [[davening]]. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 52:9 </ref> | ||
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# If one slept fully dressed in the clothing he will wear the next day, the blessing מלביש ערמים, Who clothes the naked, does not apply to him when he awakens; nevertheless, he should still recite that blessing. This is because the blessings were not enacted for a particular person, but for the general community to acknowledge that Hashem provides humanity's needs. Similarly, a blind person must recite the blessing פוקח עורים, Who opens (the eyes of) the blind. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 46:25</ref> | # If one slept fully dressed in the clothing he will wear the next day, the blessing מלביש ערמים, Who clothes the naked, does not apply to him when he awakens; nevertheless, he should still recite that blessing. This is because the blessings were not enacted for a particular person, but for the general community to acknowledge that Hashem provides humanity's needs. Similarly, a blind person must recite the blessing פוקח עורים, Who opens (the eyes of) the blind. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 46:25</ref> | ||
# Some recite "Shelo Asani Nochri" as opposed to "Shelo Asani Goy".<ref>Rav Soloveitchik's practice (Nefesh HaRav p. 107)</ref> | # Some recite "Shelo Asani Nochri" as opposed to "Shelo Asani Goy".<ref>Rav Soloveitchik's practice (Nefesh HaRav p. 107)</ref> | ||
# Although the beracha of הנותן ליעף כח is not mentioned in the Gemara, the practice nowadays is to say it. <ref> [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/displayRead.asp?readID=3043 Rabbi Eli Mansour DailyHalacha]. However, Rav Yosef Dov Soloveitchik (Nefesh Harav pg. 107) didn't recite this beracha. Halacha Brurah (Otzrot Yosef 3:10) explains that Sephardim say the bracha even though it isn't in the gemara since it is the minhag and supported by the Arizal. The Chida in Birkei Yosef argued that if Rav Yosef Karo knew of the Arizal's opinion he would have retracted. Rav Ovadia in Yechava Daat 4:4 disagreed with this contention but agreed to the conclusion that the minhag of Sephardim is to recite Hanoten Layef Koach. Halacha Brurah adds that it is also acceptable according to Rashi in Sefer Hapardes siman 5 that one can add brachot onto Brachot Hashachar as you wish. Although his opinion is rejected it is another point. | # Although the beracha of הנותן ליעף כח is not mentioned in the Gemara, the practice nowadays is to say it. <ref> [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/displayRead.asp?readID=3043 Rabbi Eli Mansour DailyHalacha]. However, Rav Yosef Dov Soloveitchik (Nefesh Harav pg. 107) didn't recite this beracha. Halacha Brurah (Otzrot Yosef 3:10) explains that Sephardim say the bracha even though it isn't in the gemara since it is the minhag and supported by the Arizal. The Chida in Birkei Yosef 46:11 argued that if Rav Yosef Karo knew of the Arizal's opinion he would have retracted. Rav Ovadia in Yechava Daat 4:4 disagreed with this contention but agreed to the conclusion that the minhag of Sephardim is to recite Hanoten Layef Koach. Halacha Brurah adds that it is also acceptable according to Rashi in Sefer Hapardes siman 5 that one can add brachot onto Brachot Hashachar as you wish. Although his opinion is rejected it is another point. | ||
* As to the larger topic of reciting Brachot that aren't in the Gemara see: Shulchan Aruch OC 46, Shulchan Aruch EH 63, Pear Hadur of Rambam Siman 129 fnt. 7 of Rav Dovid Yosef, and Yachava Daat 4:4 footnote. </ref> | * As to the larger topic of reciting Brachot that aren't in the Gemara see: Shulchan Aruch OC 46, Shulchan Aruch EH 63, Pear Hadur of Rambam Siman 129 fnt. 7 of Rav Dovid Yosef, and Yachava Daat 4:4 footnote. </ref> | ||
