16,374
edits
Birchot HaShachar: Difference between revisions
From Halachipedia
→Who Is Obligated in these Brachot?
| (6 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 7: | Line 7: | ||
# According to some poskim, the bracha "Sheasa Li Kol Tzorki" should not be recited on [[Yom Kippur]] and [[Tisha BeAv]]. <ref> Ben Ish Hai, Vayeshev, 9; Kaf Hachaim 46:17 </ref> Others disagree. <ref> Chazon Ovadyah (Yamim Noraim pg 320), Mishna Brurah 554:31, {http://www.dailyhalacha.com/displayRead.asp?readID=951 Rabbi Eli Mansour} </ref> | # According to some poskim, the bracha "Sheasa Li Kol Tzorki" should not be recited on [[Yom Kippur]] and [[Tisha BeAv]]. <ref> Ben Ish Hai, Vayeshev, 9; Kaf Hachaim 46:17 </ref> Others disagree. <ref> Chazon Ovadyah (Yamim Noraim pg 320), Mishna Brurah 554:31, {http://www.dailyhalacha.com/displayRead.asp?readID=951 Rabbi Eli Mansour} </ref> | ||
# Ideally, Birchot HaShachar should be recited before the 4th Halachik hour of the day, but may be recited until midday. If one did not yet do so, one may recite Birchot HaShachar until one goes to sleep at night, as there is no definitive zeman (timeframe) in which to say them. <ref>Shulchan Aruch 47:13, Mishna Brurah 47:30 and 52:9-10, Yechave Daat 4:4</ref> | # Ideally, Birchot HaShachar should be recited before the 4th Halachik hour of the day, but may be recited until midday. If one did not yet do so, one may recite Birchot HaShachar until one goes to sleep at night, as there is no definitive zeman (timeframe) in which to say them. <ref>Shulchan Aruch 47:13, Mishna Brurah 47:30 and 52:9-10, Yechave Daat 4:4</ref> | ||
# Sephardim have a minhag to say the birchot hashachar before putting on Tefillin.<Ref>Kaf Hachaim 46:2 writes that the Arizal's practice was to say Birchot Hashachar, Akeda, and then put on Tallit and Tefillin.</ref> | |||
==How to Make the Brachot== | ==How to Make the Brachot== | ||
# One may say Birchot HaShachar while standing or sitting. <ref>Pri Megadim (Peticha Lehilchot Brachot no. 18), Pri Megadim M"Z 432: | # One may say Birchot HaShachar while standing or sitting. <ref>Pri Megadim (Peticha Lehilchot Brachot no. 18), Pri Megadim M"Z 432:3, Ishei Yisrael 5:14, Yalkut Yosef (Birchat HaShachar pg 23) </ref> The Ashkenazic practice is to stand.<ref>Ishei Yisrael 5:14 writes that some have the practice to stand. Piskei Teshuvot 46:3 writes that the Ashkenazic minhag is to stand and a person shouldn't deviate from that practice unless they are sick or old. The minhag to stand is sourced in the Mekor Chaim 46:2 and Siddur Yaavetz (prior to Netilat Yadayim in the morning).</ref> | ||
# Some say that one should not say Birchot HaShachar while walking or doing any other task such as getting dressed. <ref> Kaf HaChaim (Rav Chaim Palagi 9:7) </ref> | # Some say that one should not say Birchot HaShachar while walking or doing any other task such as getting dressed. <ref> Kaf HaChaim (Rav Chaim Palagi 9:7) </ref> | ||
# Birchot HaShachar should be recited individually, so even if somebody makes the brachot aloud, one should say "amen" and have in mind to not be yotze through them. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 6:4, Aruch Hashulchan 6:13 </ref> | # Birchot HaShachar should be recited individually, so even if somebody makes the brachot aloud, one should say "amen" and have in mind to not be yotze through them. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 6:4, Aruch Hashulchan 6:13 </ref> | ||
# Even though the common practice is to say all of Birchot HaShachar at once, since they were not instituted by Chazal with this in mind, they are not considered a series of brachot. Therefore, one may not answer "amen" to solely the last bracha wanting to cover all of them, but rather says "amen" to each separately. Though Birchot HaTorah were instituted together, one may be halachically mafsik in between them.<ref>Birkat Hashem vol. 1 6:17-18 based on Brachot 60b and Tur-Beit Yosef OC 46, See [[Answering_Amen_to_Your_Own_Bracha]]</ref> | # Even though the common practice is to say all of Birchot HaShachar at once, since they were not instituted by Chazal with this in mind, they are not considered a series of brachot. Therefore, one may not answer "amen" to solely the last bracha wanting to cover all of them, but rather says "amen" to each separately. Though Birchot HaTorah were instituted together, one may be halachically mafsik in between them.<ref>Birkat Hashem vol. 1 6:17-18 based on Brachot 60b and Tur-Beit Yosef OC 46, See [[Answering_Amen_to_Your_Own_Bracha]]</ref> | ||
## Practically, it is wise to say them all together so that one doesn't lose one's place.<ref>Piskei Teshuvot 46:3</ref> | |||
===Proper Text=== | ===Proper Text=== | ||
# Some of the [[blessings]] identify Hashem with the ה, as a definite object such as hamotzi lechem. Some [[brachot]] do not such as Malbish Arumim and Matir Asurim. One should certainly not alter the text in any way from the way Chazal established it. <ref> Rivivot Ephraim 1:36:2 </ref> | # Some of the [[blessings]] identify Hashem with the ה, as a definite object such as hamotzi lechem. Some [[brachot]] do not such as Malbish Arumim and Matir Asurim. One should certainly not alter the text in any way from the way Chazal established it. <ref> Rivivot Ephraim 1:36:2 </ref> | ||
| Line 21: | Line 23: | ||
==Who Is Obligated in these Brachot?== | ==Who Is Obligated in these Brachot?== | ||
# Even though the [[brachot]] were instituted for particular action or enjoyment, even if one does not do that action or get that enjoyment the [[brachot]] are still made, for example, one should make HaNoten LiSichvei Binah even if one did not hear the rooster crow, or a blind person can make the bracha of Pokeach Ivrim. <Ref>Rama 46:8, Mishna Brurah 46:25, Yalkut Yosef Hilchot Birkot Hashachar, Birkot Hatorah and Psukei Dizimra 5764 page 11. </ref> | # Even though the [[brachot]] were instituted for particular action or enjoyment, even if one does not do that action or get that enjoyment the [[brachot]] are still made, for example, one should make HaNoten LiSichvei Binah even if one did not hear the rooster crow, or a blind person can make the bracha of Pokeach Ivrim. <Ref>Rama 46:8, Mishna Brurah 46:25, Yalkut Yosef Hilchot Birkot Hashachar, Birkot Hatorah and Psukei Dizimra 5764 page 11. </ref> | ||
# Women make Birchot HaShachar except that instead of Shelo Asani Isha they say Sheasani Kirtzono without reciting Hashem's name. Instead of Shelo Asani Aved, they say Shelo Asani Shifcha and instead of Shelo Asani Goy they say Shelo Asani Goya. <ref>Yechave Daat 4:4, Yalkut Yosef Hilchot Birkot Hashachar, Birkot Hatorah and Psukei Dizimra 5764 page 26. </ref> | # Women make Birchot HaShachar except that instead of Shelo Asani Isha they say Sheasani Kirtzono without reciting Hashem's name. Instead of Shelo Asani Aved, they say Shelo Asani Shifcha and instead of Shelo Asani Goy they say Shelo Asani Goya. <ref>Ben Ish Chai in [http://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=41237&pgnum=44 Od Yosef Chay Vayeshev n. 9], Yechave Daat 4:4, Yalkut Yosef Hilchot Birkot Hashachar, Birkot Hatorah and Psukei Dizimra 5764 page 26. </ref> | ||
# If a blind person wants he can recite Pokeach Ivrim but if they ask, we tell them not to recite it because of the concept of safek brachot lihakel. <ref> Yalkut Yosef Birkot Hashachar, Birkot Hatorah and Psukei Dizimra 5764 page 27. </ref> | # If a blind person wants he can recite Pokeach Ivrim but if they ask, we tell them not to recite it because of the concept of safek brachot lihakel. <ref> Yalkut Yosef Birkot Hashachar, Birkot Hatorah and Psukei Dizimra 5764 page 27. </ref> | ||
# A convert cannot recite Shelo Asani Goy but if they want to they can recite it without Hashem's name. <ref> Yalkut Yosef Birkot Hashachar, Birkot Hatorah and Psukei Dizimra 5764 page 31.</ref> | # A convert cannot recite Shelo Asani Goy but if they want to they can recite it without Hashem's name. <ref> Yalkut Yosef Birkot Hashachar, Birkot Hatorah and Psukei Dizimra 5764 page 31.</ref> | ||
| Line 54: | Line 56: | ||
# If one slept fully dressed in the clothing he will wear the next day, the blessing מלביש ערמים, Who clothes the naked, does not apply to him when he awakens; nevertheless, he should still recite that blessing. This is because the blessings were not enacted for a particular person, but for the general community to acknowledge that Hashem provides humanity's needs. Similarly, a blind person must recite the blessing פוקח עורים, Who opens (the eyes of) the blind. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 46:25</ref> | # If one slept fully dressed in the clothing he will wear the next day, the blessing מלביש ערמים, Who clothes the naked, does not apply to him when he awakens; nevertheless, he should still recite that blessing. This is because the blessings were not enacted for a particular person, but for the general community to acknowledge that Hashem provides humanity's needs. Similarly, a blind person must recite the blessing פוקח עורים, Who opens (the eyes of) the blind. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 46:25</ref> | ||
# Some recite "Shelo Asani Nochri" as opposed to "Shelo Asani Goy".<ref>Rav Soloveitchik's practice (Nefesh HaRav p. 107)</ref> | # Some recite "Shelo Asani Nochri" as opposed to "Shelo Asani Goy".<ref>Rav Soloveitchik's practice (Nefesh HaRav p. 107)</ref> | ||
# Although the beracha of הנותן ליעף כח is not mentioned in the Gemara, the practice nowadays is to say it. <ref> [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/displayRead.asp?readID=3043 Rabbi Eli Mansour DailyHalacha]. However, Rav Yosef Dov Soloveitchik (Nefesh Harav pg. 107) didn't recite this beracha </ref> | # Although the beracha of הנותן ליעף כח is not mentioned in the Gemara, the practice nowadays is to say it. <ref> [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/displayRead.asp?readID=3043 Rabbi Eli Mansour DailyHalacha]. However, Rav Yosef Dov Soloveitchik (Nefesh Harav pg. 107) didn't recite this beracha. Halacha Brurah (Otzrot Yosef 3:10) explains that Sephardim say the bracha even though it isn't in the gemara since it is the minhag and supported by the Arizal. The Chida in Birkei Yosef 46:11 argued that if Rav Yosef Karo knew of the Arizal's opinion he would have retracted. Rav Ovadia in Yechava Daat 4:4 disagreed with this contention but agreed to the conclusion that the minhag of Sephardim is to recite Hanoten Layef Koach. Halacha Brurah adds that it is also acceptable according to Rashi in Sefer Hapardes siman 5 that one can add brachot onto Brachot Hashachar as you wish. Although his opinion is rejected it is another point. | ||
* As to the larger topic of reciting Brachot that aren't in the Gemara see: Shulchan Aruch OC 46, Shulchan Aruch EH 63, Pear Hadur of Rambam Siman 129 fnt. 7 of Rav Dovid Yosef, and Yachava Daat 4:4 footnote. </ref> | |||
==What Is the Nature of Birchot HaShachar?== | ==What Is the Nature of Birchot HaShachar?== | ||
| Line 66: | Line 69: | ||
==Can a Ger Recite Shelo Asani Goy?== | ==Can a Ger Recite Shelo Asani Goy?== | ||
<p class="indent">The Avudraham<ref>Cited by the Beit Yosef 46:4</ref> writes that a ger may not recite Shelo Asani Goy since this bracha is thanking Hashem for how we were created. The Shaarei Knesset HaGedola<ref>Cited by the Kaf Hachaim 46:36</ref> argued that a ger can recite Shelo Asani Goy because the intent is to praise Hashem for not creating him to remain a non-Jew.<ref>Magen Avraham 46:10 says that according to the Mekubalim a ger can recite Shelo Asani Goy because the bracha is referring to the state of one's Neshama when it will be taken from the world. Piskei Teshuvot 46:11 says one has on whom to rely if one wants to recite Shelo Asani Goy.</ref></p> | <p class="indent">The Avudraham<ref>Cited by the Beit Yosef 46:4</ref> writes that a ger may not recite Shelo Asani Goy since this bracha is thanking Hashem for how we were created. The Shaarei Knesset HaGedola<ref>Cited by the Kaf Hachaim 46:36</ref> argued that a ger can recite Shelo Asani Goy because the intent is to praise Hashem for not creating him to remain a non-Jew.<ref>Magen Avraham 46:10 says that according to the Mekubalim a ger can recite Shelo Asani Goy because the bracha is referring to the state of one's Neshama when it will be taken from the world. Piskei Teshuvot 46:11 says one has on whom to rely if one wants to recite Shelo Asani Goy. Bear Heitiv cites the Yad Aharon who agrees. See also the Rambam's teshuva to Rav Ovadia Hager who seems to hold this opinion as well.</ref></p> | ||
<p class="indent">The Rama writes that the ger can recite a different beracha, Sheasani Ger.<ref>Darkei Moshe 46:3. He codifies this in his comments to Shulchan Aruch (Rama 46:4).</ref> On the other hand, the Bach<Ref>Bach 46 s.v. VeYesh Od</ref> claims that he cannot recite Sheasani Yehudi because he only became a Jew through his own decision to convert. The Taz 46:5 defends the Rama saying that since a ger is like a newborn baby (Yevamot 23a) he can recite Sheasani Ger, because it is as if he was created as a ger. The Magen Avraham adds that everyone agrees that a ger can recite Shelo Asani Aved and Shelo Asani Isha.<ref>He explains that since it was up to his decision whether to convert or not, he can thank Hashem for being created a free male, who has the potential to be chayav in mitvzot. Aruch Hashulchan 46:10, Yalkut Yosef 46:21, and Kaf Hachaim 46:36 concur that a ger should only recite Shelo Asani Aved and Shelo Asani Isha.</ref></p> | <p class="indent">The Rama writes that the ger can recite a different beracha, Sheasani Ger.<ref>Darkei Moshe 46:3. He codifies this in his comments to Shulchan Aruch (Rama 46:4).</ref> On the other hand, the Bach<Ref>Bach 46 s.v. VeYesh Od</ref> claims that he cannot recite Sheasani Yehudi because he only became a Jew through his own decision to convert. The Taz 46:5 defends the Rama saying that since a ger is like a newborn baby (Yevamot 23a) he can recite Sheasani Ger, because it is as if he was created as a ger. The Magen Avraham adds that everyone agrees that a ger can recite Shelo Asani Aved and Shelo Asani Isha.<ref>He explains that since it was up to his decision whether to convert or not, he can thank Hashem for being created a free male, who has the potential to be chayav in mitvzot. Aruch Hashulchan 46:10, Yalkut Yosef 46:21, and Kaf Hachaim 46:36 concur that a ger should only recite Shelo Asani Aved and Shelo Asani Isha.</ref></p> | ||
