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==When to say it== | ==When to say it== | ||
#During the winter one must say VeTen Tal UMatar Lebracha in Birkat HaShanim (Brachenu / [[Barech]] Aleinu). For this halacha the beginning of the winter is considered in [[Israel]] from the seventh of Cheshvan <ref>Sh"t Yechave Daat 1:73, Tur and Shulchan Aruch 117:1. The logic is based on a Mishna in Masechet Taanit 10a which says that since people were coming to Yerushalayim for Aliya Laregel, we wanted to give two weeks after Sukkot for them to return home before praying for rain so that they don't get rained on during their travels. </ref> and in the diaspora from the night of December 4th (and December 5th the year '''before''' a civil leap year, such as | #During the winter one must say VeTen Tal UMatar Lebracha in Birkat HaShanim (Brachenu / [[Barech]] Aleinu). For this halacha the beginning of the winter is considered in [[Israel]] from the seventh of Cheshvan <ref>Sh"t Yechave Daat 1:73, Tur and Shulchan Aruch 117:1. The logic is based on a Mishna in Masechet Taanit 10a which says that since people were coming to Yerushalayim for Aliya Laregel, we wanted to give two weeks after Sukkot for them to return home before praying for rain so that they don't get rained on during their travels. </ref> and in the diaspora from the night of December 4th (and December 5th the year '''before<ref>Artscroll Siddur (Yitzchak Yiranen p. 120, Nachlat Shimon p.104) writes that we begin to say VeTen Tal on the night of December 4th except if that year precedes a leap year. In the year that precedes a leap year (such as 2023 or 2027) we begin Veten Tal on the night of December 5th. [https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/2060070/jewish/Why-Is-the-Prayer-for-Rain-Based-on-the-Civil-Calendar.htm Chabad], Koren Siddur (Koren Mesorat Harav p. 239), [https://outorah.org/p/22451/ OU], and Halacha Brurah 117:5 agree. This understanding is based on counting 13 days from November 22nd that Avudraham wrote (because of the changes from the Julian calendar to Gregorian calendar until today). However, Avudraham also wrote that in a year that February had 29th days then Veten tal is pushed off one day. He seems clearly to be discussing the secular leap year and not the year preceding a secular leap year. However, Sefer Birchat Hashanim p. 96 discusses this issue and writes in the name of Maharam Shik that there's some mistake in the Avudraham and it should say that Veten tal is pushed off if the next year is going to have February with 29 days. He also shows that the mathematical calculation and Tashbetz are clear that the year before the secular leap year is pushed off one day and not the year after the leap year. [See Teshuvot Vehanhagot 3:42 who writes that the minhag in South Africa was to start Ten Tal on December 5th or 6th, depending on the year (and not 4th or 5th). Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 19:5 writes that we start Ten Tal on December 4th or 5th. Though, that was written in the 1800s and today after 1900 that would be the equivalent to December 5th or 6th.] </ref>''' a civil leap year, such as Tuesday December 5th 2023). The end of the winter is [[Mincha]] of Erev [[Pesach]] and after that we stop saying VeTen Tal UMatar Lebracha in Birkat HaShanim. <ref>Shulchan Aruch O.C. 117:1. Artscroll Siddur (Yitzchak Yiranen p. 120, Nachlat Shimon p.104) writes that we begin to say VeTen Tal on the night of December 4th except if that year precedes a leap year. Halacha Brurah 117:5 agrees. | ||
*Briefly, the | *Briefly, the autumn equinox is on September 23rd, however, due to the discrepancy between the Julian calendar and Shmuel's calendar, the equinox is assumed to be on September 21st. For an explanation of this point, see [http://www.judaicseminar.org/halakhot/talumatar.pdf?vm=r&s=1 an article by Rabbi Shamah]. | ||
*Shulchan Aruch 117:1 writes that outside [[Israel]] we begin saying VeTen Tal on the night of the 60th day from the equinox. To account for the difference between the Julian calendar and our commonly used civil calendar (Gregorian calendar), we have to review a bit of history. In 1582 the Gregorian calendar was pushed forward 10 days and skips one day every century on the century, except for years divisible by 400. That is, in 1600, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar. By 1700, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead. Continuing in this way, we see that by 2000 the Gregorian calendar was 13 days ahead of the Julian calendar. Since 2000 is divisible by 400 there was no leap year and the Gregorian calendar remains 13 days ahead of the Julian calendar until 2100. For more information about this calculation see the Wikipedia page on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorian_calendar#Difference_between_Gregorian_and_Julian_calendar_dates Gregorian calendar]. | *Shulchan Aruch 117:1 writes that outside [[Israel]] we begin saying VeTen Tal on the night of the 60th day from the equinox. To account for the difference between the Julian calendar and our commonly used civil calendar (Gregorian calendar), we have to review a bit of history. In 1582, the Gregorian calendar was pushed forward 10 days and skips one day every century on the century, except for years divisible by 400. That is, in 1600, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar. By 1700, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead. Continuing in this way, we see that by 2000 the Gregorian calendar was 13 days ahead of the Julian calendar. Since 2000 is divisible by 400 there was no leap year and the Gregorian calendar remains 13 days ahead of the Julian calendar until 2100. For more information about this calculation see the Wikipedia page on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorian_calendar#Difference_between_Gregorian_and_Julian_calendar_dates Gregorian calendar]. | ||
*Counting 60 days from September 21st results in November 21st. Counting 13 from then to account for the difference between the Julian and Gregorian calendar, we arrive at the night of December 4th. See [http://www.lookstein.org/articles/veten_tal.htm?vm=r&s=1 this | *Counting 60 days from September 21st results in November 21st. Counting 13 days from then to account for the difference between the Julian and Gregorian calendar, we arrive at the night of December 4th. See [http://www.lookstein.org/articles/veten_tal.htm?vm=r&s=1 this article by Rabbi Sokolow] for a lengthy explanation of this topic. | ||
</ref> | </ref> | ||
