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Barech Aleinu: Difference between revisions
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==When to say it== | ==When to say it== | ||
# During the winter one must say VeTen Tal UMatar Lebracha in Birkat HaShanim (Brachenu / [[Barech]] Aleinu). For this halacha the beginning of the winter is considered in [[Israel]] from the seventh of Cheshvan and in the diaspora from the night of December 4th (and December 5th the year '''before''' a civil leap year, such as 2015). The end of the winter is [[Mincha]] of Erev [[Pesach]] and after that we stop saying VeTen Tal UMatar Lebracha in Birkat HaShanim. <Ref>S”A 117:1, Artscroll Siddur (Nachlat Shimon p.104) writes that we begin to say VeTen Tal on the night of December 4th except if that year precedes a leap year. Halacha Brurah 117:5 writes that in a leap year (on a Hebrew calendar, December and | # During the winter one must say VeTen Tal UMatar Lebracha in Birkat HaShanim (Brachenu / [[Barech]] Aleinu). For this halacha the beginning of the winter is considered in [[Israel]] from the seventh of Cheshvan <ref>Sh"t Yechave Daat 1:73, Tur and S"A 117:1. The logic is based on a Mishna in Masechet Taanit 10a which says that since people were coming to Yerushalayim for Aliya Laregel, we wanted to give two weeks after Sukkot for them to return home before praying for rain so that they don't get rained on during their travels. </ref> and in the diaspora from the night of December 4th (and December 5th the year '''before''' a civil leap year, such as 2015). The end of the winter is [[Mincha]] of Erev [[Pesach]] and after that we stop saying VeTen Tal UMatar Lebracha in Birkat HaShanim. <Ref>S”A 117:1, Artscroll Siddur (Nachlat Shimon p.104) writes that we begin to say VeTen Tal on the night of December 4th except if that year precedes a leap year. Halacha Brurah 117:5 writes that in a leap year (on a Hebrew calendar, December and February would be in the same year) we begin saying VeTen Tal on the night of December 5th. | ||
* Briefly, the winter Equinox (formally, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equinox Southward Equinox]) is on September 23rd, however, due to the discrepancy between the Julian calendar and Shmuel's calendar, the equinox is assumed to be on September 21st. For an explanation of this point, see [http://www.judaicseminar.org/halakhot/talumatar.pdf?vm=r&s=1 an article by Rabbi Shamah]. | * Briefly, the winter Equinox (formally, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equinox Southward Equinox]) is on September 23rd, however, due to the discrepancy between the Julian calendar and Shmuel's calendar, the equinox is assumed to be on September 21st. For an explanation of this point, see [http://www.judaicseminar.org/halakhot/talumatar.pdf?vm=r&s=1 an article by Rabbi Shamah]. | ||
* S"A 117:1 writes that outside [[Israel]] we begin saying VeTen Tal on the night of the 60th day from the equinox. To account for the difference between the Julian calendar and our commonly used civil calendar (Gregorian calendar), we have to review a bit of history. In 1582 the Gregorian calendar was pushed forward 10 days and skips one day every century on the century, except for years divisible by 400. That is, in 1600, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar. By 1700, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead. Continuing in this way, we see that by 2000 the Gregorian calendar was 13 days ahead of the Julian calendar. Since 2000 is divisible by 400 there was no leap year and the Gregorian calendar remains 13 days ahead of the Julian calendar until 2100. For more information about this calculation see the Wikipedia page on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorian_calendar#Difference_between_Gregorian_and_Julian_calendar_dates Gregorian calendar]. | * S"A 117:1 writes that outside [[Israel]] we begin saying VeTen Tal on the night of the 60th day from the equinox. To account for the difference between the Julian calendar and our commonly used civil calendar (Gregorian calendar), we have to review a bit of history. In 1582 the Gregorian calendar was pushed forward 10 days and skips one day every century on the century, except for years divisible by 400. That is, in 1600, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar. By 1700, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead. Continuing in this way, we see that by 2000 the Gregorian calendar was 13 days ahead of the Julian calendar. Since 2000 is divisible by 400 there was no leap year and the Gregorian calendar remains 13 days ahead of the Julian calendar until 2100. For more information about this calculation see the Wikipedia page on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorian_calendar#Difference_between_Gregorian_and_Julian_calendar_dates Gregorian calendar]. | ||
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==Someone visiting Israel== | ==Someone visiting Israel== | ||
# A person who lives outside | # A person who lives outside Israel who is visiting [[Israel]] after the 7th of Cheshvan before December 4th, according to Sephardim, he should say [[Barech]] Aleinu (not Barchenu) while he is in [[Israel]]. However, according to Ashkenazim, many opinions hold that if one will be in [[Israel]] during that entire period (from the 7th of Cheshvan until December 4th) one should say Ten Tal in Birkat HaShanim, however, if one would not be there for that amount of time one should say it in Shomea [[Tefillah]]. <ref> Regarding an American in [[Israel]], the Pri [[Chadash]] and Pri Megadim hold that if one plans on going back to America within a year, one should start Ten Tal from when they start in America. However, if one plans on going back to America after a year, one should start Ten Tal when [[Israel]] begins asking for rain. On the other hand, the Birkei Yosef holds that one should always make the Bracha according to the place one is presently in. The Mishna Brurah 117:5 brings both opinions and doesn’t rule on this issue but implies that he sides with the Pri Megadim. | ||
* While an American is in [[Israel]], many poskim hold like the Birkei Yosef that one should say the Ten Tal in Birkat HaShanim. These poskim include: Sh”t Yacheve Daat 1:73 (also paskened in Yalkut Yosef ([[Tefillah]] vol 2 pg 99) and Halacha Brurah 117:9), Sh”t Minchat Yitzchak 10:9, Sh”t Bear Moshe (vol 7 pg 194, 200), Sh”t Mishneh halachot 5:28, and Piskei Teshuvot 117:3. [See also Sh”t Divrei Yetsiv, Sh”t Besel Chachma 1:62, Mara DeShmata #34, Sh”t Kaneh Bossem 1:10, Sh”t Birur Halacha 117]. | * While an American is in [[Israel]], many poskim hold like the Birkei Yosef that one should say the Ten Tal in Birkat HaShanim. These poskim include: Sh”t Yacheve Daat 1:73 (also paskened in Yalkut Yosef ([[Tefillah]] vol 2 pg 99) and Halacha Brurah 117:9), Sh”t Minchat Yitzchak 10:9, Sh”t Bear Moshe (vol 7 pg 194, 200), Sh”t Mishneh halachot 5:28, and Piskei Teshuvot 117:3. [See also Sh”t Divrei Yetsiv, Sh”t Besel Chachma 1:62, Mara DeShmata #34, Sh”t Kaneh Bossem 1:10, Sh”t Birur Halacha 117]. | ||
* On the other hand, some hold that in order to say Ten Tal UMatar in Birkat HaShanim one has to be in [[Israel]] for the season of rain from 7 Cheshvan until dec 4 when they start asking for rain in America, however, if one will not be there for that period of time one should only say it in Shomea [[Tefillah]]. These opinions include: Sh”t Bear Moshe (vol 7 pg 202 in name of his brother), Sh”t Teshuvot VeHanhagot 2:55, Halichot Shlomo ([[Tefillah]] 8:21), Ishei Yisrael 23:37, [[Yom Tov]] Sheni Kehilchato (10:7) quoting Rav Shlomo Zalman and Rav Elyashiv, and Shegiyot Mi Yavin 13:40 in name of Rav Elyashiv. | * On the other hand, some hold that in order to say Ten Tal UMatar in Birkat HaShanim one has to be in [[Israel]] for the season of rain from 7 Cheshvan until dec 4 when they start asking for rain in America, however, if one will not be there for that period of time one should only say it in Shomea [[Tefillah]]. These opinions include: Sh”t Bear Moshe (vol 7 pg 202 in name of his brother), Sh”t Teshuvot VeHanhagot 2:55, Halichot Shlomo ([[Tefillah]] 8:21), Ishei Yisrael 23:37, [[Yom Tov]] Sheni Kehilchato (10:7) quoting Rav Shlomo Zalman and Rav Elyashiv, and Shegiyot Mi Yavin 13:40 in name of Rav Elyashiv. | ||
* Thirdly, some hold that only if one will in [[Israel]] from 7 Chevan until [[Pesach]] when we stop asking for rain, then one should say Ten Tal in Birkat HaShanim, otherwise one should say it in Shomea [[Tefillah]]. This is also the opinion of Sh”t Mishna Shlomo, Sh”t Vayeshev Moshe 1:102 (quoted by Piskei Teshuvot 177:3). | * Thirdly, some hold that only if one will be in [[Israel]] from 7 Chevan until [[Pesach]] when we stop asking for rain, then one should say Ten Tal in Birkat HaShanim, otherwise one should say it in Shomea [[Tefillah]]. This is also the opinion of Sh”t Mishna Shlomo, Sh”t Vayeshev Moshe 1:102 (quoted by Piskei Teshuvot 177:3). | ||
* Lastly, some write that an American in [[Israel]] should in general say it in Shomea [[Tefillah]]. This includes the Rav Pinchas Sheinburg (A [[Teshuva]] in back of Sefer Chovot Yair) in name of the Steipler (also brought in Sh”t Rivivot Efraim 6:433(3)) and [[Tefillah]] KeHilchata 12:48 in name of Rav Elyashiv (the Shigyot Mi Yavin asks on this). [Seemingly, this opinion only holds this when an American is there for less than a year.] | * Lastly, some write that an American in [[Israel]] should in general say it in Shomea [[Tefillah]]. This includes the Rav Pinchas Sheinburg (A [[Teshuva]] in back of Sefer Chovot Yair) in name of the Steipler (also brought in Sh”t Rivivot Efraim 6:433(3)) and [[Tefillah]] KeHilchata 12:48 in name of Rav Elyashiv (the Shigyot Mi Yavin asks on this). [Seemingly, this opinion only holds this when an American is there for less than a year.] | ||
</ref> | </ref> | ||
# If a visitor from outside [[Israel]] (who will be there from 7th of | # If a visitor from outside [[Israel]] (who will be there from 7th of Cheshvan until Dec 4th) forgets to say Ten Tal in Birkat HaShanim between the 7th of Cheshvan and Dec 4th, one should repeat [[Shemoneh Esrei]]. <Ref> Sh”t Rivivot Efraim 6:45(2) quoting Yashiv Moshe in name of Rav Elyashiv writes that one should repeat [[Shemoneh Esrei]] under all circumstances. However, Rav Shlomo Zalman in Halichot Shlomo ([[Tefillah]] 8:21 in the note), sh”t Teshuvot Vehanhagot 2:55 (dini ben chul#1), [[Yom Tov]] Sheni Kehilchato 10:7 in name of Rav Shlomo Zalman, and Shigiyot Mi Yavin (13:40) rule that one should only repeat [[Shemoneh Esrei]] if one will be there from 7th of Cheshvan until Dec 4th. However, if one will not be there from Cheshvan 7 until Dec 4th, one doesn’t need to repeat [[Shemoneh Esrei]]. So writes all the above sources, and [[Yom Tov]] Sheni Kehilchato 10:7 quotes Rav Elyashiv who adds that it’s proper to repeat [[Shemoneh Esrei]] on condition that it’s a voluntary [[Tefillah]] if one isn’t obligated. </ref> | ||
==Sources== | ==Sources== | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
[[Category:Prayer]] | [[Category:Prayer]] | ||
