Aseret Yimei Teshuva: Difference between revisions
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===Hamelech Hamishpat=== | ===Hamelech Hamishpat=== | ||
#The conclusion of the Bracha Melech Ohev [[Tzedaka]] UMishpat is changed to HaMelech HaMishpat.<ref>Gemara [[Berachot]] 12b, Shulchan Aruch 582:2, Chazon Ovadia Yamim Noraim pg. 190 </ref> According to Ashkenazim, if one | #The conclusion of the Bracha Melech Ohev [[Tzedaka]] UMishpat is changed to HaMelech HaMishpat.<ref>Gemara [[Berachot]] 12b, Shulchan Aruch 582:2, Chazon Ovadia Yamim Noraim pg. 190 </ref> | ||
# According to Ashkenazim, if one accidentally recited the regular ending, one doesn’t go back to the beginning of [[Shemona Esreh]].<ref>Rama 118:1, Mishna Brurah 582:9, Darchei Moshe 582:3 based on Rabbeinu Yona that since we mention "Melech" even in our regular text, one would not need to go back. Chacham Ovadia Yosef recommends for Ashkenazim that even though the Rama says that you do not need to go back, that one should in fact go back and stipulate: if I'm obligated to repeat [[Shmoneh Esrei]] then I'm praying for my obligation, and if the halacha is that I don't have to repeat, my [[prayer]] should be considered a voluntary [[prayer]]. This is the ruling of the Taz 118:2, Mor Uketzia 118 </ref> | |||
#According to Sephardim, if one forgot and remembered within [[Toch Kedi Dibbur]] (2-3 seconds) then one should say HaMelech Hamishpat right then. If one remembered afterwards, some say that one should return to the Beracha of Hashiva, but, if one already finished [[Shmoneh Esrei]] one must start from the beginning of [[Shmoneh Esrei]].<ref>Shulchan Aruch 582:2, Sh"t Yabia Omer 2:8-10. Halichot Olam v. 2 p. 251, Chazon Ovadyah (Yamim Noraim pg 193), Yalkut Yosef Moadim pg. 64. Rav Ovadia writes that this is the halacha and we don't say [[Safek Brachot LeHakel]]. However he adds that it is more correct to stipulate: if I'm obligated to repeat [[Shmoneh Esrei]] then I'm praying for my obligation, and if the halacha is that I don't have to repeat, my [[prayer]] should be considered a voluntary [[prayer]]. <br /> | |||
*Rambam Hilchot Tefilla 10:13 rules that one must repeat the amida if he forgot to change to | *Rambam Hilchot Tefilla 10:13 rules that one must repeat the amida if he forgot to change to HaMelech HaMishpat. [[Or Zarua]] Hilchot Keriat Shema Siman 29 writes that this was also the ruling of the [[Rif]]. Chazon Ovadia Yamim Noraim pg. 194 cites a long list of Rishonim who held this way including Rosh (Brachot 1:16), Rif (Brachot 6b), Rambam (Hilchot Tefilla 10:13), Ramban (Milchamot Brachot 6b s.v. vod), Rashba (Brachot 12b s.v. amar), [[Ritva]], and [[Maharam MiRutenberg]] (Tosfot Berachot 12b s.v. vhilchata). Meiri (Berachot 12b s.v. kol quotes the [[Rambam]] and [[Baal HaMaor]] but doesn't even mention the [[Rabbenu Yona]]. The Bet Yosef Orach Chaim 582:1 citing [[Rabbenu Manoach]] explains that the reason for this opinion is that Melech Ohev isn't interchangeable with HaMelech HaMishpat. The meaning of Melech Ohev is that Hashem the king uses justice and charity, however, HaMelech HaMishpat means that Hashem is the king who is the judge of the world. | ||
*Talmidei Rabbenu Yona (Berchot 7a s.v. u'mihu) holds that since we mention the word melech in our regular text, one does not need to go back. Darkei Moshe 582:3 cites this. This is also the opinion of Rav Yechiel the son of the Rosh (cited by Tur 118). Additionally, the Baal | *Talmidei Rabbenu Yona (Berchot 7a s.v. u'mihu) holds that since we mention the word melech in our regular text, one does not need to go back. Darkei Moshe 582:3 cites this. This is also the opinion of Rav Yechiel the son of the [[Rosh]] (cited by Tur 118). Additionally, the Baal HaMaor (Brachot 6b s.v. may) argues that hamelech hakodesh and hamelech hamishpat are both are necessary initially.</ref> If one is unsure, it’s the same as if one forgot.<ref>Tosfot (Brachot 12b s.v. vhilchata) writes that if someone isn't sure if he said the correct text we have to assume he made a mistake because one isn't accustomed to saying it yet. This is based on the Yerushalmi that it takes 30 days to be accustomed to a certain text. Rosh (Brachot 1:16) agrees. Shulchan Aruch 582:2 and Chazon Ovadyah (Yamim Noraim pg 193) codify this halacha.</ref> However, some Sephardic poskim argue that the Minhag is like the [[Rama]] that if one remembered after [[Toch Kedi Dibbur]] one need not repeat anything.<ref>Ben Ish Chai (I Nitsavim 19), Kaf Hachaim 582:8, Rav Mordechai Eliyahu in Maamar Mordechai (Aseret Yami [[Teshuva]] 19). Rav Mordechai Lebhar (Magen Avot, Orach Chaim 118:1, 582:1) writes how this is the [[Moroccan]] Minhag, as well, and he deals with the Safek Berachot LeHakel issue raised by Rav Ovadia from a number of angles.</ref> | ||
===Other additions=== | ===Other additions=== | ||
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==Changes in Kaddish== | ==Changes in Kaddish== | ||
#The Ashkenazic minhag during the ten days between [[Rosh Hashana]] and [[Yom Kippur]] ([[Aseret Yemei Teshuva]]) is to say LeElah UleElah MeKol Birchata | #The Ashkenazic minhag during the ten days between [[Rosh Hashana]] and [[Yom Kippur]] ([[Aseret Yemei Teshuva]]) is to say "LeElah UleElah MeKol Birchata" in [[Kaddish]] instead of "LeElah Min Kol Birchata."<ref>Kitzur S”A 129:1 writes to say LeElah LeElah MeKol Birchata. Mishna Brurah 56:2, 582:16 agrees but adds a vav as follows LeElah ULeElah.</ref> Sephardim do not for the most part, as there is Kabbalistic significance to the number of letters in the Kaddish.<ref>Kaf Hachaim 582:39. Rav Mordechai Eliyahu’s footnote on Kitzur S”A 129:1 writes that the Sephardic minhag is not to change this for [[Aseret Yemei Teshuva]]. Rav Mordechai Lebhar (Magen Avot, Orach Chaim 582:1 notes how some did add it.</ref> | ||
==Other Changes in Tefillah== | ==Other Changes in Tefillah== | ||
===Hashem Hu HaElokim=== | ===Hashem Hu HaElokim=== | ||
#Sephardim recite Hashem Hu | #Sephardim recite "Hashem Hu HaElokim" twice right before "Hashem Melech" before [[Pesukei DeZimra]] during Aseret Yimei Teshuva.<ref>Kaf Hachaim 582:13, Yalkut Yosef Moadim pg. 69, Chazon Ovadia Yamim Noraim pg. 189</ref> | ||
===Shir Hamaalot=== | ===Shir Hamaalot=== | ||
# | #Many have the custom to recite Shir Hamaalot Mimaamakim (Tehillim 130) during [[Shacharit]] after Yishtabach before the [[Kaddish]],<ref>Yalkut Yosef Moadim pg. 69, Chazon Ovadia Yamim Noraim pg. 189</ref> but some Ashkenazim don't have this practice.<ref>Magen Avraham 54:2 questions this practice to say Shir Hamaalot between Yishtabach and [[Kaddish]] as it's clearly an interruption. Mishna Brurah 54:4 agrees. The Maharshal is quoted (Dagul Mervava Orach Chaim 54:3) as arguing that the issue of interrupting is only regarding pointless matters, not praises of Hashem like Tehillim, which may be recited even in middle of Birkot Keriat Shema. Emek Bracha pg 7 (Birkat Pesukei deZimra) notes how the Rambam (Hilchot Tefillah 7:13) records the custom of some communities to recite Az Yashir ''after'' Yishtabach and doesn't protest. Az Yashir, writes Rav Pameranchik, isn't a hefsek, because it's just a praise of Hashem. Shir HaMaalot Mimaamakim is not, however, so he leaves the issue unresolved. [http://www.yutorah.org/sidebar/lecture.cfm/885574/rabbi-hershel-schachter/inyonei-yom-kippur-5778-1-tosefes-vidui-letaher-atzmo-baregel-kol-nidrei-seder-haavodah-aleinu-birkas-kohanim-neilah-hadlakas-neiros/ Rav Schachter (Hilchot Yom Kippur 5778, min 47)] holds that the Ashkenazi practice is clearly not to say Shir Hamaalot. See Nefesh HaRav page 203.</ref> | ||
===Avinu Malkenu=== | ===Avinu Malkenu=== | ||
#After the | #After the [[Chazarat Hashatz]] during [[Shacharit]] and [[Mincha]], we add the prayer of Avinu Malkenu.<ref>Rivash 512, Sh"t Shvut Yaakov 3:42, Rama 602:1, Chazon Ovadia Yamim Noraim pg. 205</ref> | ||
# Even a person who prays privately should add this.<ref>Chazon Ovadia Yamim Noraim pg. 205, Sh"t Shvut Yaakov 3:42, Rivash 512, [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/displayRead.asp?readID=1712 DailyHalacha] by Rabbi Eli Mansour </ref> | |||
# On Shabbat, Ashkenazim do not recite Avinu Malkenu at all,<ref>Rama, Orach Chaim 584:1</ref> but there are different Minhagim among Sepharadim. Most Sepharadim recite them on Shabbat and omit the lines that are explicitly about sinning.<Ref>Magen Avot 584:1. See Rav Pe'alim 2:OC:46 and Yechaveh Daat 1:54</ref> | |||
==Other Practices== | ==Other Practices== | ||
===Weddings=== | ===Weddings=== | ||
{{Getting Married during Elul}} | |||
==[[Shabbat]] Shuva== | ==[[Shabbat]] Shuva== | ||
