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Aseret Yimei Teshuva: Difference between revisions
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The period between [[Rosh Hashana]] and [[Yom Kippur]] is a unique time to improve one's character, deeds, and perform [[Teshuva]]. | The period between [[Rosh Hashana]] and [[Yom Kippur]] is a unique time to improve one's character, deeds, and perform [[Teshuva]]. <ref> Chazon Ovadia Yamim Noraim pg.209 writes from Rav Chaim Vital in Shaar Hakavanot 90C that each day of the week between Rosh Hashana and Yom Kippur can atone for that day of the week for the entire year. For example, a Sunday can make up for all the sins he did on the Sundays throughout the year. Mishna Brura 603:2, Kaf Hachaim 662:14 agree. <br /> | ||
* The Gemara Rosh Hashana 18a writes that when the pasuk says דרשו ה' בהמצאו קראוהו בהיותו קרוב it refers to aseret yimei teshuva</ref> | |||
==Practices of Aseret Yemei Teshuva== | ==Practices of Aseret Yemei Teshuva== | ||
# During aseret yimei teshuva, one should increase his involvement in charity and good deeds. <ref> Rambam Hilchot Teshuva 3:4 </ref> | |||
===Pat Yisrael=== | ===Pat Yisrael=== | ||
# Even one who isn't strict regarding bread baked by a non-Jew ([[Pat Akum]]) during the rest of the year should be strict about [[Pat Akum]] even bread baked by a baker during [[Aseret Yemei Teshuva]].<ref>S"A 603:1, Mishna Brurah 603:1, Raavyah Rosh Hashana Siman 529: pg. 208, Or Zarua 2:257</ref> | # Even one who isn't strict regarding bread baked by a non-Jew ([[Pat Akum]]) during the rest of the year should be strict about [[Pat Akum]] even bread baked by a baker during [[Aseret Yemei Teshuva]].<ref>S"A 603:1, Mishna Brurah 603:1, Raavyah Rosh Hashana Siman 529: pg. 208, Or Zarua 2:257. Rabbeinu Manoach Hilchot Chametz UMatzah 1:5 writes that it is appropriate to accept other stringencies during the Aseret Yimei Teshuva.</ref> | ||
# If a Jew turns on or raises the fire so that the bread bakes, that bread may be eaten during [[Aseret Yemei Teshuva]].<ref>Mishna Brurah 603:1</ref> | # If a Jew turns on or raises the fire so that the bread bakes, that bread may be eaten during [[Aseret Yemei Teshuva]].<ref>Mishna Brurah 603:1</ref> | ||
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# The conclusion of the Bracha Melech Ohev [[Tzedaka]] UMishpat is changed to HaMelech HaMishpat. <ref> Gemara [[Berachot]] 12b, S"A 582:2, Chazon Ovadia Yamim Noraim pg. 190 </ref> According to Ashkenazim, if one forgot, one doesn’t go back to the beginning of [[Shemona Esreh]]. <Ref>Rama 118:1, Mishna Brurah 582:9Darchei Moshe 582:3 based on Rabbeinu Yona that since we mention melech even in our regular text, one would not need to go back. Chacham Ovadia Yosef recommends for Ashkenazim that even though the Rama says that you do not need to go back, that one should in fact go back and stipulate: if I'm obligated to repeat [[Shemoneh Esrei]] then I'm praying for my obligation, and if the halacha is that I don't have to repeat, my [[prayer]] should be considered a voluntary [[prayer]]. This is the ruling of the Taz 118:2, Mor Uketzia 118 </ref> According to Sephardim, if one forgot and remembered within [[Toch Kedi Dibbur]] (2-3 seconds) then one should say HaMelech Hamishpat right then. If one remembered afterwards, some say that one should return to the Bracha of Hashiva, however, if one finished [[Shemoneh Esrei]] one must start from the beginning of [[Shemoneh Esrei]]. If one is unsure, it’s the same as if one forgot. <Ref>S”A 582:2. Chazon Ovadyah (Yamim Noraim pg 193), Yalkut Yosef Moadim pg. 64, Sh"t Yabia Omer 2:8-10. Halichot Olam 2: pg. 251 writes that this is the halacha and we don't say [[Safek Brachot LeHakel]]. However he adds that it is more correct to stipulate: if I'm obligated to repeat [[Shemoneh Esrei]] then I'm praying for my obligation, and if the halacha is that I don't have to repeat, my [[prayer]] should be considered a voluntary [[prayer]]. <br /> | # The conclusion of the Bracha Melech Ohev [[Tzedaka]] UMishpat is changed to HaMelech HaMishpat. <ref> Gemara [[Berachot]] 12b, S"A 582:2, Chazon Ovadia Yamim Noraim pg. 190 </ref> According to Ashkenazim, if one forgot, one doesn’t go back to the beginning of [[Shemona Esreh]]. <Ref>Rama 118:1, Mishna Brurah 582:9Darchei Moshe 582:3 based on Rabbeinu Yona that since we mention melech even in our regular text, one would not need to go back. Chacham Ovadia Yosef recommends for Ashkenazim that even though the Rama says that you do not need to go back, that one should in fact go back and stipulate: if I'm obligated to repeat [[Shemoneh Esrei]] then I'm praying for my obligation, and if the halacha is that I don't have to repeat, my [[prayer]] should be considered a voluntary [[prayer]]. This is the ruling of the Taz 118:2, Mor Uketzia 118 </ref> According to Sephardim, if one forgot and remembered within [[Toch Kedi Dibbur]] (2-3 seconds) then one should say HaMelech Hamishpat right then. If one remembered afterwards, some say that one should return to the Bracha of Hashiva, however, if one finished [[Shemoneh Esrei]] one must start from the beginning of [[Shemoneh Esrei]]. If one is unsure, it’s the same as if one forgot. <Ref>S”A 582:2. Chazon Ovadyah (Yamim Noraim pg 193), Yalkut Yosef Moadim pg. 64, Sh"t Yabia Omer 2:8-10. Halichot Olam 2: pg. 251 writes that this is the halacha and we don't say [[Safek Brachot LeHakel]]. However he adds that it is more correct to stipulate: if I'm obligated to repeat [[Shemoneh Esrei]] then I'm praying for my obligation, and if the halacha is that I don't have to repeat, my [[prayer]] should be considered a voluntary [[prayer]]. <br /> | ||
* Rambam Hilchot Tefilla 10:13 rules that one must repeat the amida if he forgot to change to hamalech hamishpat. Or Zarua Hilchot Keriat Shema Siman 29 writes that this was also the ruling of the Rif. see Chazon Ovadia Yamim Noraim pg. 194 for a long list of rishonim who held this way including Rosh, Rif, Rambam, Ramban, Ritva, Maharam MiRutenberg. | * Rambam Hilchot Tefilla 10:13 rules that one must repeat the amida if he forgot to change to hamalech hamishpat. Or Zarua Hilchot Keriat Shema Siman 29 writes that this was also the ruling of the Rif. see Chazon Ovadia Yamim Noraim pg. 194 for a long list of rishonim who held this way including Rosh, Rif, Rambam, Ramban, Ritva, Maharam MiRutenberg. | ||
* Talmidei Rabbenu Yona quoted in Darkei Moshe 582:3 say that since we mention the word melech in our regular text, one does not need to go back. | * Talmidei Rabbenu Yona Masechet Berachot 7a "u'mihu" quoted in Darkei Moshe 582:3 say that since we mention the word melech in our regular text, one does not need to go back. | ||
</ref>However, some sephardic say that if one remembered after [[Toch Kedi Dibbur]] one need not repeat anything. <ref>Rav Mordechai Eliyahu in Maamer Mordechai (Aseret Yami [[Teshuva]] #19) based on Ben Ish Chai (Nitsavim #19), Kaf Hachaim 582:8 </ref> | </ref>However, some sephardic say that if one remembered after [[Toch Kedi Dibbur]] one need not repeat anything. <ref>Rav Mordechai Eliyahu in Maamer Mordechai (Aseret Yami [[Teshuva]] #19) based on Ben Ish Chai (Nitsavim #19), Kaf Hachaim 582:8 </ref> | ||
===Other additions=== | ===Other additions=== | ||
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# Some have the custom to recite Shir Hamaalot Mimaamakim (Tehillim 130) during shacharit after Yishtabach before the [[Kaddish]]. <ref> Yalkut Yosef Moadim pg. 69, Chazon Ovadia Yamim Noraim pg. 189. see also Magen Avraham 54:2 </ref> | # Some have the custom to recite Shir Hamaalot Mimaamakim (Tehillim 130) during shacharit after Yishtabach before the [[Kaddish]]. <ref> Yalkut Yosef Moadim pg. 69, Chazon Ovadia Yamim Noraim pg. 189. see also Magen Avraham 54:2 </ref> | ||
===Avinu Malkenu=== | ===Avinu Malkenu=== | ||
# After the chazarat hashatz during shacharit and mincha, we add the prayer of avinu malkenu. Even a person who prays privately should add this. <ref> Chazon Ovadia Yamim Noraim pg. 205, Sh"t Shvut Yaakov 3:42, Rivash 512, [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/displayRead.asp?readID=1712 DailyHalacha] by Rabbi Eli Mansour </ref> | # After the chazarat hashatz during shacharit and mincha, we add the prayer of avinu malkenu. <ref> Rama 602:1, Chazon Ovadia Yamim Noraim pg. 205, Sh"t Shvut Yaakov 3:42, Rivash 512 </ref> Even a person who prays privately should add this. <ref> Chazon Ovadia Yamim Noraim pg. 205, Sh"t Shvut Yaakov 3:42, Rivash 512, [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/displayRead.asp?readID=1712 DailyHalacha] by Rabbi Eli Mansour </ref> | ||
==[[Shabbat]] Shuva== | ==[[Shabbat]] Shuva== | ||
