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Animals on Shabbat: Difference between revisions
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Many halachos relate to animals on Shabbat. These include the biblical prohibition to work one's animals on Shabbat as well as not trapping or killing animals on Shabbat. Two very practical topics about animals on Shabbat include whether pets are muktzeh as well as the topic of how to feed animals on Shabbat. | |||
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[[Image:group-of-pets.jpg|300px|right]] | [[Image:group-of-pets.jpg|300px|right]] | ||
==Letting one's Animal Rest on Shabbat== | ==Letting one's Animal Rest on Shabbat== | ||
# Letting one's animal rest and not do the 39 Melachot on [[Shabbat]] is a | # Letting one's animal rest and not do the 39 Melachot on [[Shabbat]] is a biblical commandment from the Pasuk לְמַעַן יָנוּחַ, שׁוֹרְךָ וַחֲמֹרֶךָ. The prohibition is called [[Shevitat Behemto]].<ref> Shemot 23:12 is the source of [[Shevitat Behemto]]. Rambam [[Shabbat]] 20:1 brings it as halacha as does Yalkut Yosef [[Shabbat]] vol 1: pg. 33. </ref> | ||
# One shouldn't take an animal out on [[Shabbat]] beyond the eruv with anything that doesn't benefit the animal.<ref> Shulchan Aruch 305:1. </ref> There is discussion if this applies to a tag.<ref> Shulchan Aruch 305:17 extends this to a tag. Aruch Hashulchan 305:5 rules stringently even though nowadays a tag shows that the animal has an owner and should not be put to death because of the fear of rabies. Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach cited in Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata 27 footnote 33 disagrees since these tags are worn for the benefit of the dog. </ref> | # One shouldn't take an animal out on [[Shabbat]] beyond the eruv with anything that doesn't benefit the animal.<ref> Shulchan Aruch 305:1. </ref> There is discussion if this applies to a tag.<ref> Shulchan Aruch 305:17 extends this to a tag. Aruch Hashulchan 305:5 rules stringently even though nowadays a tag shows that the animal has an owner and should not be put to death because of the fear of rabies. Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach cited in Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata 27 footnote 33 disagrees since these tags are worn for the benefit of the dog. </ref> | ||
# Renting out one's work animal (such as a horse, mule, or donkey) to a non-Jew for [[Shabbat]] is forbidden because the non-Jew may do work with it.<ref> | # Renting out one's work animal (such as a horse, mule, or donkey) to a non-Jew for [[Shabbat]] is forbidden because the non-Jew may do work with it.<ref> Shulchan Aruch O.C. 246:3 </ref> | ||
# It's permissible to give to a goy one's animal for [[Shabbat]] as long as one doesn't collect a rental fee.<ref> The dispute in the Rishonim is brought by the Bet Yosef 305:23: | # It's permissible to give to a goy one's animal for [[Shabbat]] as long as one doesn't collect a rental fee.<ref> The dispute in the Rishonim is brought by the Bet Yosef 305:23: | ||
* (a) The Hagahot Mordechai (kedushin) writes that it’s permissible to give a small animal to a goy because it’s not usually used for work implying that a large animal would be forbidden because it may do work. The Darkei Moshe writes that the difference is that a large animal would do work which is Deorittah and a small animal would only be traveling more than [[techum]] which is Derabbanan (or even if you hold it is Deorittah it’s still not the same Deorittah because it doesn’t get Sekilah). | * (a) The Hagahot Mordechai (kedushin) writes that it’s permissible to give a small animal to a goy because it’s not usually used for work implying that a large animal would be forbidden because it may do work. The Darkei Moshe writes that the difference is that a large animal would do work which is Deorittah and a small animal would only be traveling more than [[techum]] which is Derabbanan (or even if you hold it is Deorittah it’s still not the same Deorittah because it doesn’t get Sekilah). | ||
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==Feeding Animals on Shabbat== | ==Feeding Animals on Shabbat== | ||
# It is forbidden to feed an animal which doesn't live in your house and doesn't depend on you for food. For example, it is not proper to place wheat before birds on [[Shabbat]] Shirah.<ref>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 87:18, Magen Avraham 583:5, Mishna Brurah 324:31, Mateh Efrayim 598:11. See Aruch Hashulchan O.C. 324:3 for a possible defense of this minhag, that we're thanking them for singing at Shirat Hayam. Magen Avraham says the same is true of the minhag to throw bread crumbs to the fish during Tashlich. Aruch Hashulchan 324:2 writes that one can feed an animal that is visibly hungry and cannot find food. | # It is forbidden to feed an animal which doesn't live in your house and doesn't depend on you for food. For example, it is not proper to place wheat before birds on [[Shabbat]] Shirah.<ref>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 87:18, Magen Avraham 583:5, Mishna Brurah 324:31, Mateh Efrayim 598:11. See Aruch Hashulchan O.C. 324:3 for a possible defense of this minhag, that we're thanking them for singing at Shirat Hayam. Magen Avraham says the same is true of the minhag to throw bread crumbs to the fish during Tashlich. Aruch Hashulchan 324:2 writes that one can feed an animal that is visibly hungry and cannot find food. | ||
* The Gemara Shabbat 155b establishes that on Shabbat it is permitted to feed animals that rely on your for their sustenance but not animals that don’t rely on sustenance. Rashi explains that the issue involved is doing an excessive effort on behalf of animals that don’t rely upon you. Tosfot Beitzah | *The Gemara Shabbat 155b establishes that on Shabbat it is permitted to feed animals that rely on your for their sustenance but not animals that don’t rely on sustenance. Rashi explains that the issue involved is doing an excessive effort on behalf of animals that don’t rely upon you. Tosfot Beitzah 24a s.v. vtanya adds that on Yom Tov there is an additional concern that you might come to trap and so it is forbidden to feed animals even ones which rely on you for sustenance if you might come to trap. Shulchan Aruch O.C. 324:11 codifies that you may not feed animals that don’t rely on your sustenance. Therefore, the Magen Avraham 324:7 disapproves of the minhag to feed stray birds on Shabbat Shira.</ref> Otherwise, it is permissible to feed pets, such as by placing food in front of them or pouring fish food into a tank.<ref>Shulchan Aruch 324:11, [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/Display.asp?ClipDate=6/24/2008 Rabbi Eli Mansour]. Beiur Halacha adds that it is even permitted to feed someone else's pets. Yalkut Yosef 324:9, however, says that if the fish can survive without you feeding them, don't feed them.</ref> In either case, a dog may be fed.<ref> Mishna Brurah 324:31. </ref> | ||
# One should not unnecessarily exert himself too much in the preparation of the food for an animal. For example, if the dog can eat the meat straight from the bone, one shouldn't cut it into smaller pieces even if he avoids a violation of [[tochen]].<ref> Mishna Brurah 324:3 </ref> | # One should not unnecessarily exert himself too much in the preparation of the food for an animal. For example, if the dog can eat the meat straight from the bone, one shouldn't cut it into smaller pieces even if he avoids a violation of [[tochen]].<ref> Mishna Brurah 324:3 </ref> | ||
# One may not carry food for an animal even on [[Yom Tov]] unless there is an eruv.<ref> Mishna Brurah 512:3 </ref> | # One may not carry food for an animal even on [[Yom Tov]] unless there is an eruv.<ref> Mishna Brurah 512:3 </ref> | ||
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==Playing with a Pet== | ==Playing with a Pet== | ||
# Moving an animal is forbidden because of [[Muktzah]].<ref> Shulchan Aruch 308:39, Shulchan Aruch Harav 308:78 | # Moving an animal is forbidden because of [[Muktzah]].<ref> Shulchan Aruch O.C. 308:39, Shulchan Aruch Harav 308:78. The Gemara in [[Shabbos]] 128b states that animals are [[muktzeh]]. [[Maggid]] Mishneh on Rambam Hilchot [[Shabbat]] 25:25 says that since they have no use they are in the category of [[muktzeh]] machmat gufo. This is the explanation of the Beit Yosef OC 308 s.v. kofin, and Mishna Brurah 308:146. Iggros Moshe OC 4:16 (see however Iggerot Moshe 5:22:21), R' Shlomo Zalman Auerbach (Shmiras [[Shabbos]] K'hilchasa 27 - see footnote 96), and R' Ovadia Yosef (Yabiah Omer 5:26) concur. Mishna Brurah 308:146 adds that this would be true even if not moving the animal would cause financial loss. </ref> Some poskim permit moving a pet that can be used to quiet a child such as a domesticated pet.<ref>Yalkut Yosef [[Shabbat]] vol. 2 pg. 383, Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata 27:27, Orchot [[Shabbat]] 19:124 v. 2 p. 59, Daat Torah 308:39, Kaf Hachayim on Shulchan Arukh, Orach Chayim 308:235:1, Rav Moshe Feinstein (Tiltulei Shabbat p. 118), and Shulchan Aruch Harav 308:78 consider pets to be muktzeh. Tosafot [[Shabbat]] 45b s.v. hacha, Mordechai [[Shabbat]] 316 and Hagahot Ashri (on Rosh [[Shabbat]] 3:21) all cite those who are lenient for this, but themselves are stringent. Rosh quoted in Maharach Or Zarua 82 is also stringent. | ||
* Rav Moshe Feinstein's opinion although quoted by Rabbi Bodner in Tiltulei Shabbos p. 118 and the corresponding teshuva in Igrot Moshe 5:22:21 further reiterates this point. Nonetheless, in the emendations of R' Mordechai Tendler and R' Shabtay Rappaport of that volume of Igrot Moshe it appears that pets are not muktzeh. In a letter to Rabbi Tzvi Ryzman Ryzman (Moriah v. 36 pp. 358-359), R' Rappaport explains the emendation and that it was approved by Rav Moshe Feinstein. See [https://seforimblog.com/2020/06/pets-on-shabbat-rabbi-morenu-and-epidemics/ seforimblog.com] for more sources on Rav Moshe's opinions about pets on Shabbat. | * Rav Moshe Feinstein's opinion although quoted by Rabbi Bodner in Tiltulei Shabbos p. 118 and the corresponding teshuva in Igrot Moshe 5:22:21 further reiterates this point. Nonetheless, in the emendations of R' Mordechai Tendler and R' Shabtay Rappaport of that volume of Igrot Moshe it appears that pets are not muktzeh. In a letter to Rabbi Tzvi Ryzman Ryzman (Moriah v. 36 pp. 358-359), R' Rappaport explains the emendation and that it was approved by Rav Moshe Feinstein. See [https://seforimblog.com/2020/06/pets-on-shabbat-rabbi-morenu-and-epidemics/ seforimblog.com] for more sources on Rav Moshe's opinions about pets on Shabbat. | ||
* However, Sh"t Halachot Ketanot 45 is lenient and Sh"t Merosh Tzurim 38:6 quotes that Rav Mordechai Eliyahu was lenient as well as the opinion of Rav Aharon Lichtenstein that one shouldn't admonish those who are lenient though proper conduct would be to be stringent. Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach in Shulchan Shlomo vol. 2, 308:74 is also lenient. See [http://www.daat.ac.il/daat/english/halacha/jachter_1.htm Rabbi Jachter's article here] regarding the whole issue.</ref> Touching however, is permitted (as with all other [[muktzeh]] items).<ref> Yalkut Yosef [[Shabbat]] vol. 2 pg. 383 </ref> | * However, Sh"t Halachot Ketanot 45 is lenient and Sh"t Merosh Tzurim 38:6 quotes that Rav Mordechai Eliyahu was lenient as well as the opinion of Rav Aharon Lichtenstein that one shouldn't admonish those who are lenient though proper conduct would be to be stringent. Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach in Shulchan Shlomo vol. 2, 308:74 is also lenient. [https://www.yutorah.org/sidebar/lecture.cfm/857702/rabbi-hershel-schachter/highlights-of-melachos-shabbos-ii/ Rav Schachter (Highlights of Melachos Shabbat Part 2, min 68-9)] is strict to consider pets muktzeh. See [http://www.daat.ac.il/daat/english/halacha/jachter_1.htm Rabbi Jachter's article here] regarding the whole issue.</ref> Touching however, is permitted (as with all other [[muktzeh]] items).<ref> Yalkut Yosef [[Shabbat]] vol. 2 pg. 383 </ref> | ||
# According to some poskim, if the animal is in a cage or tank, then the whole cage or tank becomes [[muktzeh]] as a base for the [[muktzeh]] animals themselves.<ref> Yabia Omer OC 5:26, [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/Display.asp?ClipDate=6/24/2008 Rabbi Eli Mansour] </ref> Others disagree.<ref> Shemirat Shabbat kihilchatah 18:footnote 62, 27:footnote 96 </ref> | # According to some poskim, if the animal is in a cage or tank, then the whole cage or tank becomes [[muktzeh]] as a base for the [[muktzeh]] animals themselves.<ref> Yabia Omer OC 5:26, [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/Display.asp?ClipDate=6/24/2008 Rabbi Eli Mansour] </ref> Others disagree.<ref> Shemirat Shabbat kihilchatah 18:footnote 62, 27:footnote 96 </ref> | ||
# A blind person who uses a dog to help him walk my do so on [[Shabbat]] even with a leash because he doesn't carry the dog.<ref> Yalkut Yosef vol. 2 pg. 384 </ref> Others permit it since it is designated to be used and isn't even muktzeh.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat Khilchata ch. 18 fnt. 62</ref> | # A blind person who uses a dog to help him walk my do so on [[Shabbat]] even with a leash because he doesn't carry the dog.<ref> Yalkut Yosef vol. 2 pg. 384 </ref> Others permit it since it is designated to be used and isn't even muktzeh.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat Khilchata ch. 18 fnt. 62</ref> | ||
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# See the page on the melacha of [[Tzad]] ([[Trapping]]). | # See the page on the melacha of [[Tzad]] ([[Trapping]]). | ||
# One may kill an animal whose bite poses a danger to a person's life, such as a poisonous snake or yellow scorpion.<ref>Shulchan Aruch 316:10, Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 25:1</ref> | # One may kill an animal whose bite poses a danger to a person's life, such as a poisonous snake or yellow scorpion.<ref>Shulchan Aruch 316:10, Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 25:1</ref> | ||
# One may trap a cooperative animal on shabbat, but one may not trap a non-cooperative animal. <ref> Hazon Ovadia, Page 106 </ref> However, one may not carry an animal to an enclosed area because they are muktzeh. <ref> Ach Tov VaHessed, Year 5783, Page 123 </ref> | |||
==Riding an Animal== | ==Riding an Animal== | ||
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<References/> | <References/> | ||
[[Category:Shabbat]] | [[Category:Shabbat]] | ||
{{Shabbat Table}} | |||
