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Animals on Shabbat: Difference between revisions
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# Commanding one's animal to perform a melacha on [[Shabbat]] is forbidden because of [[Amirah LeNochri]]. <ref>The Or Letzion 1:23 proves from the Gemara [[Shabbat]] 19a that there exists a rabbinic prohibition of [[Amirah LeNochri]] for animals. He explains that there are two reasons that apply to regular [[Amirah LeNochri]]: 1) it appears as though the non-Jew is the agent of the Jew working on [[Shabbat]] and 2) one is not supposed to speak about weekday activities, such as melacha, on [[Shabbat]]. He says that even though the first reason doesn't apply to animals, the second one does.</ref> | # Commanding one's animal to perform a melacha on [[Shabbat]] is forbidden because of [[Amirah LeNochri]]. <ref>The Or Letzion 1:23 proves from the Gemara [[Shabbat]] 19a that there exists a rabbinic prohibition of [[Amirah LeNochri]] for animals. He explains that there are two reasons that apply to regular [[Amirah LeNochri]]: 1) it appears as though the non-Jew is the agent of the Jew working on [[Shabbat]] and 2) one is not supposed to speak about weekday activities, such as melacha, on [[Shabbat]]. He says that even though the first reason doesn't apply to animals, the second one does.</ref> | ||
== | ==Feeding Animals on Shabbat== | ||
# It | # It is forbidden to feed an animal which don't live in your house and don't depend on you for food. For example, it is not proper to place wheat before birds on [[Shabbat]] Shirah. <ref>Kitzur S"A 87:18, Magen Avraham 583:5, Mateh Efrayim 598:11. see Aruch Hashulchan O.C. 324:3 for a possible defense of this minhag. Magen Avraham says the same is true of the minhag to throw bread crumbs to the fish during Tashlich. Aruch Hashulchan 324:2 writes that one can feed an animal that is visibly hungry and cannot find food </ref> Otherwise, it is permissible to feed pets, such as by placing food in front of them or pouring fish food into a tank.<ref>Shulchan Aruch 324:11, [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/Display.asp?ClipDate=6/24/2008 Rabbi Eli Mansour]. Biur Halacha adds that it is even permitted to feed someone else's pets. </ref> In either case, a dog may be fed. <ref> Mishna Berura 324:31. </ref> | ||
# One | # One should not unnecessarily exert himself too much in the preparation of the food for an animal. For example, if the dog can eat the meat straight from the bone, one shouldn't cut it into smaller pieces even if he avoids a violation of [[tochen]]. <ref> Mishna Berura 324:3 </ref> | ||
# One may not carry food for an animal even on [[Yom Tov]] unless there is an eruv. <ref> Mishna Berura 512:3 </ref> | |||
==Moving an Animal== | ==Moving an Animal== | ||
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# Someone who has a dog as a pet and needs to walk it daily, may do so on [[Shabbat]], but he shouldn't lift it. If one is going in a reshut harabim one must be careful that he doesn't let the leash hang by more than a [[tefach]] from his hand. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 305:16, Yalkut Yosef [[Shabbat]] vol. 2 pg. 385. Shulchan Aruch 305:16 adds that one should make sure to hold it so that the leash doesn't hang within a [[tefach]] of the ground </ref> One should avoid walking an animal beyond the eruv with anything that does not benefit the animal itself. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 305:1 </ref> There is a dispute if this applies to a tag. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 305:17, Aruch Hashulchan 305:5 rules stringently even though nowadays a tag shows that the animal has an owner and should not be put to death because of the fear of rabies. Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach cited in Shemirat [[Shabbat]] Kehilchata 27, footnote 33 disagrees since these tags are worn for the benefit of the dog. </ref> | # Someone who has a dog as a pet and needs to walk it daily, may do so on [[Shabbat]], but he shouldn't lift it. If one is going in a reshut harabim one must be careful that he doesn't let the leash hang by more than a [[tefach]] from his hand. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 305:16, Yalkut Yosef [[Shabbat]] vol. 2 pg. 385. Shulchan Aruch 305:16 adds that one should make sure to hold it so that the leash doesn't hang within a [[tefach]] of the ground </ref> One should avoid walking an animal beyond the eruv with anything that does not benefit the animal itself. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 305:1 </ref> There is a dispute if this applies to a tag. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 305:17, Aruch Hashulchan 305:5 rules stringently even though nowadays a tag shows that the animal has an owner and should not be put to death because of the fear of rabies. Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach cited in Shemirat [[Shabbat]] Kehilchata 27, footnote 33 disagrees since these tags are worn for the benefit of the dog. </ref> | ||
# One is permitted to move a pet to alleviate its suffering. <ref> Sh"t Yabea Omer 5:26, Chazon Ish 52:16. Although Magen Avraham 305:11 says that the laws of [[muktzeh]] aren't waived for tzaar baalei chayim, Eliya Rabba 305:18 disagrees. S"A Harav 305:26 says that one can be lenient if it will cause great loss. Mishna Berura 305:70 quotes both opinions and concludes that one can surely make use of a non-Jew to move it in such a situation. see also Shemirat [[Shabbat]] Kehilchita 27:28 + 30 and footnote 98 </ref> | # One is permitted to move a pet to alleviate its suffering. <ref> Sh"t Yabea Omer 5:26, Chazon Ish 52:16. Although Magen Avraham 305:11 says that the laws of [[muktzeh]] aren't waived for tzaar baalei chayim, Eliya Rabba 305:18 disagrees. S"A Harav 305:26 says that one can be lenient if it will cause great loss. Mishna Berura 305:70 quotes both opinions and concludes that one can surely make use of a non-Jew to move it in such a situation. see also Shemirat [[Shabbat]] Kehilchita 27:28 + 30 and footnote 98 </ref> | ||
==Trapping Animals on Shabbat== | |||
# See the page on the melacha of [[Tzad]] ([[Trapping]]). | |||
# One may kill an animal whose bite poses a danger to a person's life, such as a poisonous snake or yellow scorpion. <ref>Shulchan Aruch 316:10, Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 25:1</ref> | |||
==Riding an Animal== | |||
# It's forbidden to ride an animal on [[Shabbat]]. <ref> The Mishna in Betzah 36b writes that the Rabbinical Gezerot of [[Shabbat]] also apply to [[Yom Tov]] and includes on the list the prohibition of riding an animal on [[Shabbat]]. The Gemara explains that the logic of the Gezerah is that the Rabbis were concerned that a person riding an animal might come to pull a branch off a tree to use as a whip. Bet Yosef 305:18 quotes the Rosh in name of the Yerushalmi that says that riding an animal on [[Shabbat]] is forbidden because of [[Shevitat Behemto]]. Yalkut Yosef [[Shabbat]] vol. 2 page 108 codifies this as halacha </ref> | |||
# One who mistakenly got onto an animal must come down because of [[Tzaar Baalei Chayim]]. <ref> Yalkut Yosef [[Shabbat]] vol. 2 pg. 108 </ref> | |||
==Milking an Animal== | ==Milking an Animal== | ||
# It is forbidden to milk an animal on [[Shabbat]], as this is a violation of mifarek, which falls under the melacha of [[Dosh]]. <ref> Yalkut Yosef [[Shabbat]] vol. 2 pg. 110. see there for discussion if this is a torah violation or rabbinic. for more see [http://www.zomet.org.il/Eng/?CategoryID=252&ArticleID=127 Zomet Institute] </ref> | # It is forbidden to milk an animal on [[Shabbat]], as this is a violation of mifarek, which falls under the melacha of [[Dosh]]. <ref> Yalkut Yosef [[Shabbat]] vol. 2 pg. 110. see there for discussion if this is a torah violation or rabbinic. for more see [http://www.zomet.org.il/Eng/?CategoryID=252&ArticleID=127 Zomet Institute] </ref> | ||
# It is permissible to tell a non-Jew to milk an animal for you on [[Shabbat]] because if you don't it will cause the animal pain, but the milk is considered [[muktzeh]] for the day. <ref> Yalkut Yosef vol 2. pg. 110, Sh"t Yabea Omer 9:30 </ref> If a non-Jew is not available one should let the milk go to waste so that the violation is only dirabanan which would be allowed to save the animal from the pain, and one should try to do it with a shinui. <ref> Yalkut Yosef [[Shabbat]] vol 2. pg. 111 </ref> This leniency to allow a Jew to do it, only applies if there are no baby animals who can milk the adults. <ref> Yalkut Yosef [[Shabbat]] vol. 2 pg. 112 </ref> | # It is permissible to tell a non-Jew to milk an animal for you on [[Shabbat]] because if you don't it will cause the animal pain, but the milk is considered [[muktzeh]] for the day. <ref> Yalkut Yosef vol 2. pg. 110, Sh"t Yabea Omer 9:30 </ref> If a non-Jew is not available one should let the milk go to waste so that the violation is only dirabanan which would be allowed to save the animal from the pain, and one should try to do it with a shinui. <ref> Yalkut Yosef [[Shabbat]] vol 2. pg. 111 </ref> This leniency to allow a Jew to do it, only applies if there are no baby animals who can milk the adults. <ref> Yalkut Yosef [[Shabbat]] vol. 2 pg. 112 </ref> | ||
==Sources== | ==Sources== | ||
<References/> | <References/> | ||
