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Animals on Shabbat: Difference between revisions
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==Moving an Animal== | ==Moving an Animal== | ||
# Moving an animal is forbidden because of [[Muktzah]]. <ref> S"A 308:39, S"A Harav 308:78, The Gemara in [[Shabbos]] 128b states that animals are [[muktzeh]]. [[Maggid]] Mishneh on Rambam Hilchot [[Shabbat]] 25:25 says that since they have no use they are in the category of [[muktzeh]] machmat gufo. This is the explanation of the Beit Yosef OC 308: "kofin", and Mishna Berura 308:146. | # Moving an animal is forbidden because of [[Muktzah]]. <ref> S"A 308:39, S"A Harav 308:78, The Gemara in [[Shabbos]] 128b states that animals are [[muktzeh]]. [[Maggid]] Mishneh on Rambam Hilchot [[Shabbat]] 25:25 says that since they have no use they are in the category of [[muktzeh]] machmat gufo. This is the explanation of the Beit Yosef OC 308: "kofin", and Mishna Berura 308:146. Iggros Moshe OC 4:16 (see however Iggerot Moshe 5:22:21), R' Shlomo Zalman Auerbach (Shmiras [[Shabbos]] K'hilchasa 27 - see footnote 96), and R' Ovadia Yosef (Yabiah Omer 5:26) concur. Mishna Berura 308:146 adds that this would be true even if not moving the animal would cause financial loss. </ref> Some poskim permit moving an animal that can be used to quiet a child such as a domesticated pet. <ref>Yalkut Yosef [[Shabbat]] vol. 2 pg. 383, Daat Torah 308:39, Kaf Hachaim 308:235, S"A Harav 308:78 are stringent even in this case. Tosafot [[Shabbat]] 45b "hacha", Mordechai [[Shabbat]] 316 and Hagahot Ashri on Rosh, [[Shabbat]] 3:21 all cite those who are lenient for this, but themselves are stringent. Rosh quoted in Maharach Or Zarua 82 is also stringent. | ||
<br /> However, Sh"t Halachot Ketanot 45 is lenient and Sh"t Merosh Tzurim 38:6 quotes that Rav Mordechai Eliyahu was lenient as well as the opinion of Rav Aharon Lichtenstein that one shouldn't admonish those who are lenient though proper conduct would be to be stringent </ref> | <br /> However, Sh"t Halachot Ketanot 45 is lenient and Sh"t Merosh Tzurim 38:6 quotes that Rav Mordechai Eliyahu was lenient as well as the opinion of Rav Aharon Lichtenstein that one shouldn't admonish those who are lenient though proper conduct would be to be stringent. Shulchan Shlomo vol. 2, 308 is also lenient . see also Iggerot Moshe 5:22:21</ref> Touching however, is permitted as with all other [[muktzeh]]. <ref> Yalkut Yosef [[Shabbat]] vol. 2 pg. 383 </ref> | ||
# | # According to some poskim, if the animal is in a cage or tank, then the whole cage or tank becomes [[muktzeh]] as a base for the [[muktzeh]] animals themselves. <ref> [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/Display.asp?ClipDate=6/24/2008 Rabbi Eli Mansour] </ref> Others disagree. <ref> Shemirat [[Shabbat]] kihilchatah 18:footnote 62, 27:footnote 96 </ref> | ||
# A blind person who uses a dog to help him walk my do so on [[Shabbat]] even with a leash because he doesn't carry the dog. <ref> Yalkut Yosef vol. 2 pg. 384 </ref> | # A blind person who uses a dog to help him walk my do so on [[Shabbat]] even with a leash because he doesn't carry the dog. <ref> Yalkut Yosef vol. 2 pg. 384 </ref> | ||
# Someone who has a dog as a pet and needs to walk it daily, may do so on [[Shabbat]], but he shouldn't lift it. If one is going in a reshut harabim one must be careful that he doesn't let the leash hang by more than a [[tefach]] from his hand. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 305:16, Yalkut Yosef [[Shabbat]] vol. 2 pg. 385. Shulchan Aruch 305:16 adds that one should make sure to hold it so that the leash doesn't hang within a [[tefach]] of the ground </ref> One should avoid walking an animal beyond the eruv with anything that does not benefit the animal itself. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 305:1 </ref> There is a dispute if this applies to a tag. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 305:17, Aruch Hashulchan 305:5 rules stringently even though nowadays a tag shows that the animal has an owner and should not be put to death because of the fear of rabies. Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach cited in Shemirat [[Shabbat]] Kehilchata 27, footnote 33 disagrees since these tags are worn for the benefit of the dog. </ref> | # Someone who has a dog as a pet and needs to walk it daily, may do so on [[Shabbat]], but he shouldn't lift it. If one is going in a reshut harabim one must be careful that he doesn't let the leash hang by more than a [[tefach]] from his hand. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 305:16, Yalkut Yosef [[Shabbat]] vol. 2 pg. 385. Shulchan Aruch 305:16 adds that one should make sure to hold it so that the leash doesn't hang within a [[tefach]] of the ground </ref> One should avoid walking an animal beyond the eruv with anything that does not benefit the animal itself. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 305:1 </ref> There is a dispute if this applies to a tag. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 305:17, Aruch Hashulchan 305:5 rules stringently even though nowadays a tag shows that the animal has an owner and should not be put to death because of the fear of rabies. Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach cited in Shemirat [[Shabbat]] Kehilchata 27, footnote 33 disagrees since these tags are worn for the benefit of the dog. </ref> | ||
# One is permitted to move a pet to alleviate its suffering. <ref> Sh"t Yabea Omer 5:26. see also | # One is permitted to move a pet to alleviate its suffering. <ref> Sh"t Yabea Omer 5:26, Chazon Ish 52:16. Although Magen Avraham 305:11 says that the laws of [[muktzeh]] aren't waived for tzaar baalei chayim, Eliya Rabba 305:18 disagrees. S"A Harav 305:26 says that one can be lenient if it will cause great loss. Mishna Berura 305:70 quotes both opinions and concludes that one can surely make use of a non-Jew to move it in such a situation. see also Shemirat [[Shabbat]] Kehilchita 27:28 + 30 and footnote 98 </ref> | ||
==Milking an Animal== | ==Milking an Animal== | ||
# It is forbidden to milk an animal on [[Shabbat]], as this is a violation of mifarek, which falls under the melacha of [[Dosh]]. <ref> Yalkut Yosef [[Shabbat]] vol. 2 pg. 110. see there for discussion if this is a torah violation or rabbinic </ref> | # It is forbidden to milk an animal on [[Shabbat]], as this is a violation of mifarek, which falls under the melacha of [[Dosh]]. <ref> Yalkut Yosef [[Shabbat]] vol. 2 pg. 110. see there for discussion if this is a torah violation or rabbinic. for more see [http://www.zomet.org.il/Eng/?CategoryID=252&ArticleID=127 Zomet Institute] </ref> | ||
# It is permissible to tell a non-Jew to milk an animal for you on [[Shabbat]] because if you don't it will cause the animal pain, but the milk is considered [[muktzeh]] for the day. <ref> Yalkut Yosef vol 2. pg. 110, Sh"t Yabea Omer 9:30 </ref> If a non-Jew is not available one should let the milk go to waste so that the violation is only dirabanan which would be allowed to save the animal from the pain, and one should try to do it with a shinui. <ref> Yalkut Yosef [[Shabbat]] vol 2. pg. 111 </ref> This leniency to allow a Jew to do it, only applies if there are no baby animals who can milk the adults. <ref> Yalkut Yosef [[Shabbat]] vol. 2 pg. 112 </ref> | # It is permissible to tell a non-Jew to milk an animal for you on [[Shabbat]] because if you don't it will cause the animal pain, but the milk is considered [[muktzeh]] for the day. <ref> Yalkut Yosef vol 2. pg. 110, Sh"t Yabea Omer 9:30 </ref> If a non-Jew is not available one should let the milk go to waste so that the violation is only dirabanan which would be allowed to save the animal from the pain, and one should try to do it with a shinui. <ref> Yalkut Yosef [[Shabbat]] vol 2. pg. 111 </ref> This leniency to allow a Jew to do it, only applies if there are no baby animals who can milk the adults. <ref> Yalkut Yosef [[Shabbat]] vol. 2 pg. 112 </ref> | ||
