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Animals on Shabbat: Difference between revisions
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== | ==Riding an Animal== | ||
# It's forbidden to ride an animal on [[Shabbat]]. <ref> The Mishna in Betzah 36b writes that the Rabbinical Gezerot of [[Shabbat]] also apply to [[Yom Tov]] and includes on the list the prohibition of riding an animal on [[Shabbat]]. The Gemara explains that the logic of the Gezerah is that the Rabbis were concerned that a person riding an animal might come to pull a branch off a tree to use as a whip. Bet Yosef 305:18 quotes the Rosh in name of the Yerushalmi that says that riding an animal on [[Shabbat]] is forbidden because of [[Shevitat Behemto]]. </ref> | # It's forbidden to ride an animal on [[Shabbat]]. <ref> The Mishna in Betzah 36b writes that the Rabbinical Gezerot of [[Shabbat]] also apply to [[Yom Tov]] and includes on the list the prohibition of riding an animal on [[Shabbat]]. The Gemara explains that the logic of the Gezerah is that the Rabbis were concerned that a person riding an animal might come to pull a branch off a tree to use as a whip. Bet Yosef 305:18 quotes the Rosh in name of the Yerushalmi that says that riding an animal on [[Shabbat]] is forbidden because of [[Shevitat Behemto]]. Yalkut Yosef [[Shabbat]] vol. 2 page 108 codifies this as halacha </ref> | ||
# Moving an animal is forbidden because of [[Muktzah]]. <ref> S"A 308:39, S"A Harav 308:78, The Gemara in [[Shabbos]] 128b states that animals are [[muktzeh]]. [[Maggid]] Mishneh on Rambam Hilchot [[Shabbat]] 25:25 says that since they have no use they are in the category of [[muktzeh]] machmat gufo. This is the explanation of the Beit Yosef OC 308: "kofin", and Mishna Berura 308:146. R' Moshe Feinstein (Iggros Moshe OC 4:16), R' Shlomo Zalman Auerbach (Shmiras [[Shabbos]] K'hilchasa 27 - see footnote 96), and R' Ovadia Yosef (Yabiah Omer 5:26) concur. Mishna Berura 308:146 adds that this would be true even if not moving the animal would cause financial loss. </ref> Some poskim permit moving an animal that can be used to quiet a child. <ref> S"A Harav 308:78 | # One who mistakenly got onto an animal must come down because of [[Tzaar Baalei Chayim]]. <ref> Yalkut Yosef [[Shabbat]] vol. 2 pg. 108 </ref> | ||
<br /> However, Sh"t Halachot Ketanot 45 is lenient and Sh"t Merosh Tzurim | |||
# If the animal is in a cage or tank, then the whole cage or tank becomes [[muktzeh]] as a base for the [[muktzeh]] animals themselves. <ref> [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/Display.asp?ClipDate=6/24/2008 Rabbi Eli Mansour] </ref> | ==Moving an Animal== | ||
# | # Moving an animal is forbidden because of [[Muktzah]]. <ref> S"A 308:39, S"A Harav 308:78, The Gemara in [[Shabbos]] 128b states that animals are [[muktzeh]]. [[Maggid]] Mishneh on Rambam Hilchot [[Shabbat]] 25:25 says that since they have no use they are in the category of [[muktzeh]] machmat gufo. This is the explanation of the Beit Yosef OC 308: "kofin", and Mishna Berura 308:146. R' Moshe Feinstein (Iggros Moshe OC 4:16), R' Shlomo Zalman Auerbach (Shmiras [[Shabbos]] K'hilchasa 27 - see footnote 96), and R' Ovadia Yosef (Yabiah Omer 5:26) concur. Mishna Berura 308:146 adds that this would be true even if not moving the animal would cause financial loss. </ref> Some poskim permit moving an animal that can be used to quiet a child. <ref>Yalkut Yosef [[Shabbat]] vol. 2 pg. 383, Daat Torah 308:39, Kaf Hachaim 308:235, S"A Harav 308:78 are stringent even in this case. Tosafot [[Shabbat]] 45b "hacha", Mordechai [[Shabbat]] 316 and Hagahot Ashri on Rosh, [[Shabbat]] 3:21 all cite those who are lenient for this, but themselves are stringent. Rosh quoted in Maharach Or Zarua 82 is also stringent. | ||
<br /> However, Sh"t Halachot Ketanot 45 is lenient and Sh"t Merosh Tzurim quotes that Rav Mordechai Eliyahu was lenient </ref> | |||
# If the animal is in a cage or tank, then the whole cage or tank becomes [[muktzeh]] as a base for the [[muktzeh]] animals themselves. <ref> [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/Display.asp?ClipDate=6/24/2008 Rabbi Eli Mansour] </ref> Touching however, is permitted as with all other [[muktzeh]]. <ref> Yalkut Yosef [[Shabbat]] vol. 2 pg. 383 </ref> | |||
# A blind person who uses a dog to help him walk my do so on [[Shabbat]] even with a leash because he doesn't carry the dog. <ref> Yalkut Yosef vol. 2 pg. 384 </ref> | |||
# Someone who has a dog as a pet and needs to walk it daily, may do so on [[Shabbat]], but he shouldn't lift it. If one is going in a reshut harabim one must be careful that he doesn't let the leash hang by more than a [[tefach]] from his hand. <ref> Yalkut Yosef [[Shabbat]] vol. 2 pg. 385 </ref> | |||
==Milking an Animal== | |||
# It is forbidden to milk an animal on [[Shabbat]], as this is a violation of mifarek, which falls under the melacha of [[Dosh]]. <ref> Yalkut Yosef [[Shabbat]] vol. 2 pg. 110. see there for discussion if this is a torah violation or rabbinic </ref> | |||
# It is permissible to tell a non-Jew to milk an animal for you on [[Shabbat]] because if you don't it will cause the animal pain, but the milk is considered [[muktzeh]] for the day. <ref> Yalkut Yosef vol 2. pg. 110, Sh"t Yabea Omer 9:30 </ref> If a non-Jew is not available one should let the milk go to waste so that the violation is only dirabanan which would be allowed to save the animal from the pain, and one should try to do it with a shinui. <ref> Yalkut Yosef [[Shabbat]] vol 2. pg. 111 </ref> This leniency to allow a Jew to do it, only applies if there are no baby animals who can milk the adults. <ref> Yalkut Yosef [[Shabbat]] vol. 2 pg. 112 </ref> | |||
==Letting one's animal rest on Shabbat== | ==Letting one's animal rest on Shabbat== | ||
# Letting one's animal rest and not do the 39 Melachot on [[Shabbat]] is a Biblical commandment from the Pasuk לְמַעַן יָנוּחַ, שׁוֹרְךָ וַחֲמֹרֶךָ. The prohibition is called [[Shevitat Behemto]]. <ref> Shemot 23:12 is the source of [[Shevitat Behemto]]. Rambam [[Shabbat]] 20:1 brings it as halacha. </ref> | # Letting one's animal rest and not do the 39 Melachot on [[Shabbat]] is a Biblical commandment from the Pasuk לְמַעַן יָנוּחַ, שׁוֹרְךָ וַחֲמֹרֶךָ. The prohibition is called [[Shevitat Behemto]]. <ref> Shemot 23:12 is the source of [[Shevitat Behemto]]. Rambam [[Shabbat]] 20:1 brings it as halacha as does Yalkut Yosef [[Shabbat]] vol 1: pg. 33. </ref> | ||
# Renting out one's work animal (such as a horse, mule, or donkey) to a non-Jew for [[Shabbat]] is forbidden because the non-Jew may do work with it. <ref> S”A 246:3 rules, renting one’s large/work animal (horse, mule, or donkey) to a non-Jew is definitely forbidden because the goy may do work with it on [[Shabbat]]. </ref> | # Renting out one's work animal (such as a horse, mule, or donkey) to a non-Jew for [[Shabbat]] is forbidden because the non-Jew may do work with it. <ref> S”A 246:3 rules, renting one’s large/work animal (horse, mule, or donkey) to a non-Jew is definitely forbidden because the goy may do work with it on [[Shabbat]]. </ref> | ||
# It's permissible to give to a goy one's animal for [[Shabbat]] as long as one doesn't collect a rental fee. <ref> The dispute in the Rishonim is brought by the Bet Yosef 305:23. | # It's permissible to give to a goy one's animal for [[Shabbat]] as long as one doesn't collect a rental fee. <ref> The dispute in the Rishonim is brought by the Bet Yosef 305:23. | ||
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* (e) Even though it's certainly forbidden to rent a animal to a non-Jew, concerning selling/giving one’s animal to a goy there’s a dispute in the Rishonim whether it’s permissible. | * (e) Even though it's certainly forbidden to rent a animal to a non-Jew, concerning selling/giving one’s animal to a goy there’s a dispute in the Rishonim whether it’s permissible. | ||
* (f) The reason given by many Achronim (brought by Mishna Brurah 205:78) to differentiate is that the goy is fearful to work the animal if he is only borrowing or perhaps just watching the animal. Therefore since one doesn’t want the goy to work the animal and one doesn’t know about it, it’s permissible. However, renting an animal over [[Shabbat]] is forbidden because the goy is free to use the animal as he likes and so he will work it to get his money’s worth. | * (f) The reason given by many Achronim (brought by Mishna Brurah 205:78) to differentiate is that the goy is fearful to work the animal if he is only borrowing or perhaps just watching the animal. Therefore since one doesn’t want the goy to work the animal and one doesn’t know about it, it’s permissible. However, renting an animal over [[Shabbat]] is forbidden because the goy is free to use the animal as he likes and so he will work it to get his money’s worth. | ||
* (g) The differentiation of the Gra 305:23 (see Biur Halacha D”H VeAf) is just like by Shevitat Avdo the slave is allowed to do work for himself as long as you don’t command him to do work. Therefore, renting one’s animal is forbidden because you’re getting benefit out of it. However, giving the animal to a goy one doesn’t get any benefit if the animal does work and so it’s like it was doing work for itself and is permissible. | * (g) The differentiation of the Gra 305:23 (see Biur Halacha D”H VeAf) is just like by Shevitat Avdo the slave is allowed to do work for himself as long as you don’t command him to do work. Therefore, renting one’s animal is forbidden because you’re getting benefit out of it. However, giving the animal to a goy one doesn’t get any benefit if the animal does work and so it’s like it was doing work for itself and is permissible. Biur Halacha explains that if one sees the goy doing work with it one should protest because it looks like one is getting benefit from it. | ||
* (h) One Nafka Minah is that of the Biur Halacha who explains that the language of S”A which is “if one sees the goy working the animal…” fits the explanation of the Gra precisely, however according to the other Achronim the language of one seeing the goy is inaccurate and the same would be true even if one didn’t see the goy but knew that such was true. </ref> | * (h) One Nafka Minah is that of the Biur Halacha who explains that the language of S”A which is “if one sees the goy working the animal…” fits the explanation of the Gra precisely, however according to the other Achronim the language of one seeing the goy is inaccurate and the same would be true even if one didn’t see the goy but knew that such was true. </ref> | ||
# It's even permissible to give the goy one's animal on [[Shabbat]] itself. <ref> Ba'er Heteiv 305:11 writes that implied from S”A is that it’s permissible to give or sell the animal to the goy even on [[Shabbat]] itself. However, the Sh”t Ram Alshaker 41 forbids giving it to a goy on [[Shabbat]]. </ref> | # It's even permissible to give the goy one's animal on [[Shabbat]] itself. <ref> Ba'er Heteiv 305:11 writes that implied from S”A is that it’s permissible to give or sell the animal to the goy even on [[Shabbat]] itself. However, the Sh”t Ram Alshaker 41 forbids giving it to a goy on [[Shabbat]]. </ref> | ||
# The commandment applies to making an animal carry in a reshut harabbim and even in a karmelit for something that is categorized as a burden. <ref> Yalkut Yosef [[Shabbat]] vol. 1: pg. 526 </ref> | |||
# Commanding one's animal to perform a melacha on [[Shabbat]] is forbidden because of [[Amirah LeNochri]]. <ref>The Or Letzion 1:23 proves from the Gemara [[Shabbat]] 19a that there exists a rabbinic prohibition of [[Amirah LeNochri]] for animals. He explains that there are two reasons that apply to regular [[Amirah LeNochri]]: 1) it appears as though the non-Jew is the agent of the Jew working on [[Shabbat]] and 2) one is speak about weekday activities, such as melacha, on [[Shabbat]]. He says that even though the first reason doesn't apply to animals, the second one does.</ref> | |||
==Feeding animals on Shabbat== | ==Feeding animals on Shabbat== | ||
# It is forbidden to feed an animal which don't live in your house and don't depend on you for food. For example, it is not proper to place wheat before birds on [[Shabbat]] Shirah.<ref>Kitzur S"A 87:18</ref> Otherwise, it is permissible to feed | # It is forbidden to feed an animal which don't live in your house and don't depend on you for food. For example, it is not proper to place wheat before birds on [[Shabbat]] Shirah. <ref>Kitzur S"A 87:18, Magen Avraham 583:5, Mateh Efrayim 598:11. see Aruch Hashulchan O.C. 324:3 for a possible defense of this minhag. Magen Avraham says the same is true of the minhag to throw bread crumbs to the fish during Tashlich. Aruch Hashulchan 324:2 writes that one can feed an animal that is visibly hungry and cannot find food </ref> Otherwise, it is permissible to feed pets, such as by placing food in front of them or pouring fish food into a tank.<ref>Shulchan Aruch 324:11, [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/Display.asp?ClipDate=6/24/2008 Rabbi Eli Mansour]. Biur Halacha adds that it is even permitted to feed someone else's pets. </ref> In either case, a dog may be fed. <ref> Mishna Berura 324:31. </ref> | ||
# One should not unnecessarily exert himself too much in the preparation of the food for an animal. For example, if the dog can eat the meat straight from the bone, one shouldn't cut it into smaller pieces even if he avoids a violation of [[tochen]]. <ref> Mishna Berura 324:3 </ref> | |||
# One may not carry food for an animal even on [[Yom Tov]] unless there is an eruv. <ref> Mishna Berura 512:3 </ref> | |||
==Handling animals on Shabbat== | ==Handling animals on Shabbat== | ||
# See the [[Muktzeh]] page | # See the [[Muktzeh]] page | ||
