Amirah LeNochri: Difference between revisions
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There is a rabbinic<ref>The Gemara Gittin 8b explicitly state that Amirah LeNochri is only a rabbinic prohibition. Additionally, the Ramban Shemot 12:16 writes that even though the Mechilta learns Amirah LeNochri from a pasuk, it is only an asmachta. Rav Hershel Schachter [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/802426/Rabbi_Hershel_Schachter/Shiur_# in a shiur on yutorah.org (Shabbat Shiur #50, min 0-2)] explained that Amirah LeNochri is a rabbinic prohibition that is patterned after (Ke'eyn Deoritta) the din deoritta of Amirah LeGer Toshav, of which Tosfot (Yevamot 48b s.v. Zeh Ger) writes that asking a Ger Toshav to do a melacha on [[Shabbat]] for the benefit of a Jew is a biblical violation of [[Shabbat]].</ref> prohibition to ask a non-Jew to do work for oneself on [[Shabbat]].<ref>One of the earliest sources of this prohibition is the Mishna ([[Shabbat]] 121a) that states that it is forbidden to ask a non-Jew to put out a fire on [[Shabbat]]. Rashi (150a s.v. Amirah) writes that this Mishna is the source for Amirah LeNochri. </ref> | There is a rabbinic<ref>The Gemara Gittin 8b explicitly state that Amirah LeNochri is only a rabbinic prohibition. Additionally, the Ramban Shemot 12:16 writes that even though the Mechilta learns Amirah LeNochri from a pasuk, it is only an asmachta. Rav Hershel Schachter [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/802426/Rabbi_Hershel_Schachter/Shiur_# in a shiur on yutorah.org (Shabbat Shiur #50, min 0-2)] explained that Amirah LeNochri is a rabbinic prohibition that is patterned after (Ke'eyn Deoritta) the din deoritta of Amirah LeGer Toshav, of which Tosfot (Yevamot 48b s.v. Zeh Ger) writes that asking a Ger Toshav to do a melacha on [[Shabbat]] for the benefit of a Jew is a biblical violation of [[Shabbat]].</ref> prohibition to ask a non-Jew to do work for oneself on [[Shabbat]].<ref>One of the earliest sources of this prohibition is the Mishna ([[Shabbat]] 121a) that states that it is forbidden to ask a non-Jew to put out a fire on [[Shabbat]]. Rashi (150a s.v. Amirah) writes that this Mishna is the source for Amirah LeNochri. </ref> | ||
<p class="indent">There are four reasons for the Rabbinic prohibition to instruct a non-Jew to perform work for a Jew on [[Shabbat]]: (1) asking a non-Jew to do work will cause a laxity in the observance of [[Shabbat]],<ref>Rambam Shabbat 6:1</ref> (2) Yishayahu the prophet instructs us “[[Daber Davar]]” - that one’s speech on [[Shabbat]] should be different from one’s speech on the weekdays,<ref>Yishayahu 58:13, Rashi Avoda Zara 15a s.v. kiyvan</ref> and (3) instructing a non-Jew is halachically considered a form of שליחות (agency) which attributes the actions of the messenger to the sender<ref>Rashi Shabbat 153a s.v. may</ref>,<ref>39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat; vol 1, pg 63-4) </ref> and (4) There is an allusion from the verse כל מלאכה לא יֵעָשֶׂה that work may not be done on the behalf Jews even by non-Jews.<ref>Rashi on Shemot 12:16</ref></p> | <p class="indent">There are four reasons for the Rabbinic prohibition to instruct a non-Jew to perform work for a Jew on [[Shabbat]]: (1) asking a non-Jew to do work will cause a laxity in the observance of [[Shabbat]],<ref>Rambam Shabbat 6:1</ref> (2) Yishayahu the prophet instructs us “[[Daber Davar]]” - that one’s speech on [[Shabbat]] should be different from one’s speech on the weekdays,<ref>Yishayahu 58:13, Rashi Avoda Zara 15a s.v. kiyvan</ref> and (3) instructing a non-Jew is halachically considered a form of שליחות (agency) which attributes the actions of the messenger to the sender<ref>Rashi Shabbat 153a s.v. may</ref>,<ref>39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat; vol 1, pg 63-4) </ref> and (4) There is an allusion from the verse כל מלאכה לא יֵעָשֶׂה that work may not be done on the behalf Jews even by non-Jews.<ref>Rashi on Shemot 12:16</ref></p> | ||
There’s two main sections of Amirah LeNochri, instructing a non-Jew and benefiting from the work of a non-Jew.<ref>39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat; vol 1, pg 64), Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 30:1 </ref> See also [[Summary of Amirah LeNochri]]. | There’s two main sections of Amirah LeNochri, instructing a non-Jew and benefiting from the work of a non-Jew.<ref>Shabbat 122a, Shulchan Aruch O.C. 276:2, 39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat; vol 1, pg 64), Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 30:1 </ref> See also [[Summary of Amirah LeNochri]]. | ||
==Telling a non-Jew to do a forbidden activity== | ==Telling a non-Jew to do a forbidden activity== | ||
#It’s forbidden to tell a non-Jew to do any action that one would be forbidden to do himself.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 30:1. Rambam [[Shabbat]] 6:1, Smag Lavin 65, Tur 325, and | #It’s forbidden to tell a non-Jew to do any action that one would be forbidden to do himself.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 30:1. Rambam [[Shabbat]] 6:1, Smag Lavin 65, Tur 325, and Shulchan Aruch O.C. 307:2. See Shulchan Aruch O.C. 307:21 who forbid even if the Jew gets no benefit but it’s a melacha forbidden for a Jew to do. </ref> | ||
#It’s forbidden to tell a non-Jew to do something that is forbidden on [[Shabbat]] whether it is a biblical or Rabbinic prohibition.<ref>Mishna Brurah 253:94, Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 30:2. Biur Hagra on Rama 244:5 says even for a Melacha Derabanan. The following rishonim hold that it is forbidden to ask a non-Jew to do derabbanan prohibitions on [[Shabbat]]: | #It’s forbidden to tell a non-Jew to do something that is forbidden on [[Shabbat]] whether it is a biblical or Rabbinic prohibition.<ref>Mishna Brurah 253:94, Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 30:2. Biur Hagra on Rama 244:5 says even for a Melacha Derabanan. The following rishonim hold that it is forbidden to ask a non-Jew to do derabbanan prohibitions on [[Shabbat]]: | ||
