Before the Bracha

From Halachipedia

Physical preparations of one's body

  1. When making a bracha, one's mouth should be empty so that one can fully praise Hashem. [1]
  2. One must wear a Kippah while making a Bracha. [2] If one doesn't have a Kippah one should cover your head with your hand and a little bit of your sleeve or ask a friend to cover your head with his hand (even without a sleeve). [3]
  3. One should be dressed properly before making any bracha especially Birkat HaMazon [4]
  4. One should figure out which bracha one has to make before one begins to say the bracha so that one can have the proper intent when one says Hashem's name.[5]
  5. One should be careful to make brachot with kavana (the proper intent) thinking about blessing with hashem's name, who granted us great kindness in allow one the fruit or bread one has or that he commanded one to perform a mitzvah that we are about to perform. Thus, a person should make the bracha slowly and loud out in order to inspire the requisite kavana. [6]

Preparation of the food

  1. One should only make the Bracha only after one has the food available and present so that the Bracha can take effect on something. Therefore, one should open the packaging of the food prior to the Bracha. [7]
  2. One who drinks from a water-fountain, ideally, should have the water in a cup prior to the Bracha, however if that’s not possible, one should let the water run from the faucet momentarily prior to making the Bracha. If that last options isn’t possible or one is concerned about wasting water, may make the Bracha on the water even before letting it run. [8]
  3. One should prepare the food before making a bracha; for example, one should break open a nut or peel a fruit in order to eat it right after the Bracha. [9]
  4. However, one shouldn't cut a large or whole piece of food before the bracha; for example, one shouldn't cut a fruit, or a piece of meat before the bracha, rather make the bracha and then cut it. [10]

Sources

  1. ↑ Gemara Brachot 50b writes that if one forgot and put food into one's mouth, if the food isn't something that's easily ruined it should be spit out. On this the gemara explains that one should spit it out so that one could have his entire mouth involved in praising Hashem based on the pasuk ימלא פי תהלתך (Tehillim 71:8). The Shulchan Aruch 172:2 rules like this gemara and the Kitzur S"A 6:2, Mishna Brurah 172:7, Kaf HaChaim 172:4, and Vezot HaBracha (p. 7) concur.
  2. ↑ S"A 91:3
  3. ↑ S"A 91:4 writes that using one's hand to cover one's head isn't sufficient for a head-covering, but a friend covering one's head would be sufficient. Mishna Brurah 91:10 adds that it is considered a head-covering if one uses one's hand along with a bit of the sleeve.
  4. ↑ S"A 74:4 writes that one should cover one's lower body (with pants) even if one's upper body is revealed prior to saying Shema. Yet, Mishan Brurah 74:22 writes clearly that this is only for extenuating circumstances, otherwise one should always dress properly even for regular brachot and all the more so for Shema. VZot HaBracha (pg 8) quotes Rav Elyashiv that one should dress properly for brachot even by the beach. Or Letzion 13:3 and VeTen Bracha (pg 212) in name of Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach say that one must wear proper clothing for Birkat HaMazon just like the requirement of Ituf (see S"A 183:5)
  5. ↑ Kitzur S"A 6:1
  6. ↑ Kitzur S"A 6:1 quoting the Sefer Chasidim
  7. ↑ Mishna Brurah 206:19, VeZot HaBracha (Chapter 1, pg 8)
  8. ↑ Vezot haBracha (Chapter 1, pg 8) based on Mishna Brurah 206:19 writes that ideally one should have water in a cup so that the food is present during the Bracha. However, if that’s impossible, Rav Pinchas Sheinburg (quoted by Vezot HaBracha) suggests letting the water run prior to the Bracha so that it’s evident what one is making a Bracha on. Lastly, if that’s impossible, one may make the Bracha even while the faucet is closed.
  9. ↑ Mishna Brurah 206:19 writes that one should prepare food before the bracha so that it's ready to eat right after the bracha. Vezot HaBracha (Chapter 1) gives the examples of removing the shells a nut and peeling a fruit.
  10. ↑ Vezot HaBracha (end of Chapter 1) based on Aruch HaShulchan 202:11, and Vezot HaBracha quotes the example of leaving a piece of meat in its full state from Rav Elyashiv and Rav Mordechai Eliyahu.
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