Muktzeh Machmat Gufo

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Muktzeh Machmat Gufo

Definition

  1. The following items are included in the severe Muktzeh category:
  • items that are non-utensils or have no function
  • items that are precious or delicate and wouldn’t be used for a permitted activity

Rules

  1. Muktzeh Machmat Gufo may not be moved even if one needs the object or it’s place is needed. [1]
  2. It’s permitted to move a severe Muktzeh item for any of the follow reasons:
  • item is foul-smelling or disgusting
  • item is a safety hazard
  • item is at risk of being stolen
  • for human dignity

Examples

Foods

  1. Any food that’s edible for animals isn’t Muktzeh as long as there are such animals around, however, if it’s not eaten by a certain animal which aren’t common it’s Muktzeh unless one owns such an animal. [34]
  2. Soft bones, peels, or crumbs are not Muktzeh because they are edible for animals. [35]
  3. However, egg shells, nut shells, or hard bones (from which all the meat was removed) which aren’t edible for animals may not be moved directly. If there’s a permissible item also on the plate, one may move the entire plate (but not touch the actual shells). If there’s a need for the place of the plate one may move the entire plate [36] If the above doesn’t apply then one should
  • shake it off the plate
  • use a utensil to knock it off
  • or if the above options are difficult place a permissible item on the plate and then move the entire plate. [37]
  1. Some say that raw meat is Muktzeh and some say it’s not Muktzeh.
  2. While salted or smoked fish that’s edible isn’t Muktzeh, while raw fish is Muktzeh [38] even if it’s edible for animals. [39]

Animals

  1. Animals are Muktzeh and one shouldn’t grab them directly even if there’s a loss involved (such as if the animals are going to break something). [40]
  2. If the animal needs to be walked one may do so without grabbing the animal directly except for chickens which usually flap their wings when held. [41]
  3. If there’s a need one may push animal from behind. [42]

Forbidden objects

  1. Shanez clothing are Muktzah Machmat Gufo. [43] However Shanez clothes of a non-Jew aren’t Muktzeh unless the non-Jew gives a Jew a collateral of Shanez clothes. [44]

Designation of an object for a purpose

  1. Items which are not normally used for a permissible purpose such as rock [45] one needs to make a permanent designation or a physical action to fix it for that permissible use (like organizing rocks in order to sit on). [46]
  2. However, something which sometimes is used for a permissible purpose only needs a mental designation [47], which should be a permanent designation, but in cases of need it’s sufficient to have a designation for that Shabbat alone. [48]Using that object for a permissible purpose before Shabbat is the equivalent of a designation and it wouldn’t be Muktzeh. [49]

Sources

  1. ↑ Rama 308:7
  2. ↑ S”A 308:39
  3. ↑ Sh”t Igrot Moshe 5:22(15), Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach in Tikkunim UMiluim (pg 32), and Rav Elyashiv in Shalmei Yehuda (pg 158) all consider a bar of soap to be Muktzeh Machmat Gufo
  4. ↑ Shalmei Yehuda (pg 61) quoting Rav Elyashiv says that batteries are considered Muktzeh Machmat Gufo and in extenuating circumstances can be considered Kli Sh’Melachto LeIssur
  5. ↑ Sefer Tiltulei Shabbat (pg 24) in name of Rav Moshe Feinstein
  6. ↑ Magan Avraham 308:18, Mishna Brurah 308:34 writes that many people aren’t aware of this prohibition to use a board to lock the door or another purpose unless it was designated permanently or made some action to fix it before Shabbat.
  7. ↑ The Weekly Halacha Discussion (vol 2 pg 337)
  8. ↑ Mishna Brurah (Intro to 308)
  9. ↑ Mishna Brurah (Intro to 308)
  10. ↑ The Weekly Halacha Discussion (vol 2 pg 337)
  11. ↑ Mishna Brurah (Intro to 308)
  12. ↑ The Weekly Halacha Discussion (vol 2 pg 337)
  13. ↑ The Weekly Halacha Discussion (vol 2 pg 337)
  14. ↑ The Weekly Halacha Discussion (vol 2 pg 337)
  15. ↑ Shalmei Yehuda (pg 164), Menuchat Shabbat 88:7, Brit Olam (Muktzeh Machmat Gufo#33), Sefer Tiltulei Shabbat (pg 30)
  16. ↑ Magan Avraham 308:18, Mishna Brurah 308:34
  17. ↑ The Weekly Halacha Discussion (vol 2 pg 337)
  18. ↑ Mishna Brurah 308:25
  19. ↑ The Weekly Halacha Discussion (vol 2 pg 337)
  20. ↑ The Weekly Halacha Discussion (vol 2 pg 337)
  21. ↑ The Weekly Halacha Discussion (vol 2 pg 337)
  22. ↑ Shalmei Yehuda (pg 98) rules that since a roll of plastic tablecloth roll is unusable and it’s forbidden to rip it on Shabbat the roll is totally Muktzeh Machmat Gufo.
  23. ↑ The Weekly Halacha Discussion (vol 2 pg 337)
  24. ↑ Mishna Brurah (Intro to 308)
  25. ↑ Shalmei Yehuda pg 98, 171 writes that it’s Muktzeh because Muktzeh Machmat Issuro
  26. ↑ Mishna Brurah (Intro to 308)
  27. ↑ Mishna Brurah (Intro to 308)
  28. ↑ S”A 308:47
  29. ↑ Tiltulei Shabbat (pg 30)
  30. ↑ Shalmei Yehuda (pg 98) rules that since a roll of tin-foil is unusable and it’s forbidden to rip it on Shabbat the roll is totally Muktzeh Machmat Gufo.
  31. ↑ Yalkut Yosef (Kitzur S”A 308:100)
  32. ↑ The Weekly Halacha Discussion (vol 2 pg 337)
  33. ↑ The Weekly Halacha Discussion (vol 2 pg 337)
  34. ↑ S”A 308:29
  35. ↑ S”A 308:27
  36. ↑ S”A 308:27, Mishna Brurah 308:113, 114
  37. ↑ S”A 308:27, Mishna Brurah 308:115, 116
  38. ↑ S”A 308:32 writes that salted fish isn’t Muktzeh while raw fish is. Mishna Brurah 308:126 writes that herring or other fish could be eaten (with difficulty) if salted or smoked aren’t Muktzeh.
  39. ↑ Mishna Brurah 308:126 explains that a food which is meant to be eaten by people but is inedible is Muktzeh even if it’s edible to animals.
  40. ↑ S”A 308:39, Mishna Brurah 308:146
  41. ↑ S”A 308:40, Mishna Brurah 308:151 explains that because of Tzaar Baalei Chaim (pain of a living creature) it’s permissible to move a Muktzeh item partially.
  42. ↑ Mishna Brurah 308:152
  43. ↑ S”A 307:47 quotes two opinions and sides with those who are lenient, however, Mishna Brurah 308:161 holds like the strict opinion.
  44. ↑ Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 20:37 based on S”A HaRav writes that Shanez of a non-Jew isn’t muktzah. However, Mishna Brurah 308:161 (quoted in Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata’s footnote there) writes that a non-goy who gives a Jew a collateral of Shanez clothes is Muktzeh. Muktzah: A Practial Guide (by Rabbi Simcha Bunim Cohen; pg 107) rules that Shaatnez clothes are Muktzah Machmat Gufo.
  45. ↑ S”A 308:22 writes that there’s a distinction whether the object is normally used for a permissible purpose or not. This is also evident in Mishna Brurah 308:87 and 92.
  46. ↑ S”A 308:21 writes that rocks which are Muktzeh Machmat Gufo a designation doesn’t work to make it non-Muktzeh rather an action is needed such as organizing the rocks. Rama 308:21 writes that rocks only need a designation. Mishna Brurah 308:90 writes the consensus of the achronim is to hold like S”A.
  47. ↑ Mishna Brurah 308:85 and 93 write that a mental designation is sufficient and verbal one isn’t necessary
  48. ↑ S”A 308:22 quotes three opinions regarding an object that’s normally used for permissible purposes; some say a designation for that Shabbat alone is a designation, some say a permanent designation, and some say an action is necessary. S”A quotes the first opinion as the main (anonymous) opinion. Mishna Brurah 307:97 writes that in conclusion if there’s a need a designation for one Shabbat is sufficient. Mishna Brurah 308:86 writes that unlike S”A the Eliyah Rabba holds that a designation just for the weekday isn’t a designation rather a designation for that Shabbat is needed.
  49. ↑ S”A 308:22 writes that sitting on the sticks on wood or tying them together is a sufficient designation. Mishna Brurah 308:83 and 85 explain that an action expresses one’s intent to use it for a permissible purpose.
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