Erev Pesach

From Halachipedia

Davening

  1. The Ashkenazi minhag is not to say Mizmor LeTodah on Erev Pesach.[1] However, the Sephardic minhag is to say it even on Erev Pesach.[2]
  2. There is no Tachanun on Erev Pesach just like the rest of the month of Nissan. [3]

Latest time to eat Chametz

  1. From the beginning of the fifth hour (halachic hours) Chametz is forbidden to eat.[4]

Latest time to remove one's Chametz

  1. From the beginning of the sixth hour, one may not derive benefit from Chametz. [5]

Eating Matzah before Pesach

  1. One shouldn’t eat Matzah on Erev Pesach [6] including the nighttime. [7]
  2. One should be strict not to have baked goods which include matzah meal such as Pesach cakes. [8]
  3. Some have the minhag not to eat Matzah from 30 days before Pesach [9], some have the minhag not to eat Matzah from the beginning of the month [10]and some have the minhag to eat it until Erev Pesach. [11]
  4. One shouldn’t eat Matzah before Pesach which was made without intent for the mitzvah of eating Matzah. [12]

Forbidden work on Erev Pesach

On Erev Pesach, one must refrain from performing melacha beginning at midday (and in some communities this prohibition begins already from sunrise)[13]. The explanation for this ruling is found in the Yerushalmi[14] which says that the day a personal korban is brought is treated as a Yom Tov. Since on Erev Pesach all Jews would offer a Korban Pesach they would treat the day as a Yom Tov by abstaining from melacha. Thus, even in the absence of korbanot today, the prohibition to perform melacha on Erev Pesach remains.[15] Nonetheless, because this is a rabbinic prohibition the laws of forbidden melacha are no more stringent than those of Chol Ha’moed[16]. Complete melachot are forbidden even if they are being performed for Pesach. Thus, for example, one should ensure to complete his laundry[17] and haircutting before midday.

The Shulchan Aruch cites two opinions regarding whether one may have a non-Jew perform melacha on his behalf on Erev Pesach. The Rama rules leniently.[18] Accordingly, the Mishna Berura writes that one may have a non-Jew cut his hair[19] or wash his clothes even after midday.[20]

After Midday

  1. It is forbidden to do melacha on erev pesach after mid-day (Chatzot). [21]
  2. It is also forbidden to get a haircut or a shave unless by a non-Jew [22], to sew new clothing [23], and to do laundry except by a non-jew after mid-day. [24] Preferably one should cut his nails [25] and polish his shoes before mid-day. [26] All of the leniencies that apply to chol hamoed in these cases apply to erev pesach also. [27]
  3. It is permissible to iron clothes,[28] sew buttons, or perform minor mending even in a skilled manner. [29]

Before Chatzot

  1. If the custom in the community is not to work before chatzot, then one should follow that custom. If the custom is to work, then one is permitted to work. [30] Nowadays, the minhag is to work before chatzot. [31]

Sources

  1. ↑ Rama 429:2, Nitei Gavriel (Pesach v. 2, p. 222)
  2. ↑ Yalkut Yosef 468:14
  3. ↑ S"A 429:1, Nitei Gavriel (Pesach v. 2, p. 222)
  4. ↑ S”A 443:1
  5. ↑ S”A 443:1
  6. ↑ Rama 471:2
  7. ↑ Magan Avraham 471:6. The Chok Yaakov 471:7 quotes the Shiyarei Knesset Hagedola that some have the custom to refrain from eating matza from rosh chodesh nissan.
  8. ↑ Sh”t Shevet HaLevi 8:117, Piskei Teshuvot 471:3. See Halichot Shlomo 8:4 who writes that it’s permissible if in the kneading the dough lost its form as bread.
  9. ↑ Mishna Brurah 471:12, Sh”t Igrot Moshe 1:155
  10. ↑ Sh”t Igrot Moshe 1:155 says that such is the minhag of individuals
  11. ↑ Orchot Chaim Safinka 471:5
  12. ↑ Halichot Shlomo 8:3, Rabbi Mansour on dailyhalacha.com
  13. ↑ The Shulchan Aruch 468:3 cites both of these opinions and writes that the correct practice depends upon the custom of one’s community.
  14. ↑ Cited in the Biur Halacha 468:1
  15. ↑ Mishna Brurah 468:1
  16. ↑ Mishna Brurah 468:6
  17. ↑ Nonetheless, Rav Ovadia Yosef (Yalkut Yosef 468:10) rules that ironing clothes and shining one’s shoes are permitted in preparation for Yom Tov. Likewise, he rules that one may start a washing machine before midday although it will certainly continue to run after midday (468:13).
  18. ↑ Rama 468:1
  19. ↑ Mishna Brurah 458:5 The Mishna Brurah explains that tilting one’s head in this case is not a problem of mesayea (supporting the non-Jew in the melacha).
  20. ↑ Mishna Brurah 458. This is in contrast to Chol Ha’moed where melacha performed by a non-Jew is typically prohibited.
  21. ↑ Shulchan Aruch 468:1. Mishna Brurah 468:1 says based on a Yerushalmi quoted by Tosafot Pesachim 50a "makom shenahagu" that the reason for this is that it is when we brought korban pesach and the day which you bring a korban is a yom tov and work is forbidden midirabanan, and this prohibition applies nowadays even though we don't have the korban. Rashi there gives a different reason that we want people to be free to prepare for the seder and get rid of their chametz. Pnei Yehoshua there explains that it is because the rabbis gave erev pesach the status of chol hamoed. Beiur Halacha "mechatzot u'limala" says that according to Tosafot's reason if Pesach falls out on erev shabbat, melacha is not prohibited until mincha. But he adds that for Rashi the prohibition would still apply even when Pesach falls out on erev shabbat it would still be forbidden after mid-day, but concludes that most poskim hold like tosafot so one doesn't need to be machmir.
  22. ↑ Mishna Brurah 468:5
  23. ↑ Rama 468:2
  24. ↑ Mishna Brurah 468:7. Piskei Teshuvot 468:6 says that even for a Jew to use a washing machine is forbidden but says it is permitted to turn on the machine before mid-day even if it will do the washing afterwards.
  25. ↑ Mishna Brurah 468:5. Orchot Rabbeinu vol. 2 page 56 says this can be done without restrictions.
  26. ↑ Yabia Omer 1:32, Shearim HaMitzuyanim BiHalacha 133:6, Shemirat Shabbat Kihilchita 42 note 173, Piskei Teshuvos 468:4. Piskei Teshuvot 468:18 says polishing shoes is not allowed after chatzot, as does the Kitzur HaShl"a quoted in Teshuvot Vihanhagot 1:301.
  27. ↑ Mishna Brurah 468:7. Rambam Hilchot Yom Tov 8:18 says that on erev pesach after chatzot it is asur to do melacha midirabanan like chol hamoed and it is more lenient than chol hamoed.
  28. ↑ Orchot Rabbeinu vol. 2 page 56. Shemirat Shabbat Kihilchita 42 note 139 says ironing is also allowed on chol hamoed.
  29. ↑ Rama 468:2. Mishna Brurah 468:8 writes that you can also do these things for others without pay.
  30. ↑ Shulchan Aruch 468:3, Mishna Brurah 468:12.
  31. ↑ Chayei Adam 129:4, Aruch Hashulchan 468:5.
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