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Tochen: Difference between revisions
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==Definition== | ==Definition== | ||
# There is a biblical violation of grinding when grinding wheat, barley, spices, spices, and the like. Similarly, it’s biblically forbidden to saw wood for the sawdust. <Ref>Yalkut Yosef (Shabbat, vol 3, pg 377) </ref> | # There is a biblical violation of grinding when grinding wheat, barley, spices, spices, and the like. Similarly, it’s biblically forbidden to saw wood for the sawdust. <Ref>Yalkut Yosef (Shabbat, vol 3, pg 377) </ref> | ||
# The prohibition of Tochen (grinding) includes | # The prohibition of Tochen (grinding) includes chopping, grating, crushing, mashing, shredding, or breaking something into small pieces. <ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:1 </ref> | ||
# Tochen also applies to non-foods for example it's forbidden to crush a clod of dirt, shave splinters off a piece of wood, sawing wood with intent for the dust. <ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:1 in the note, Yalkut Yosef (Shabbat, vol 3, pg 377) </ref> | # Tochen also applies to non-foods for example it's forbidden to crush a clod of dirt, shave splinters off a piece of wood, sawing wood with intent for the dust. <ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:1 in the note, Yalkut Yosef (Shabbat, vol 3, pg 377) </ref> | ||
== | ==Utensils designed for grinding== | ||
# Any tool which is designated for crushing or the like such as a mortar or a knife used only for dicing may not be used in any manner even if it doesn't involve any prohibition of Tochen. <ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:2 </ref> | # Any tool which is designated for crushing or the like such as a mortar or a knife used only for dicing may not be used in any manner even if it doesn't involve any prohibition of Tochen. <ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:2 </ref> | ||
# One | # One should not use an onion slicer (a machine which is made of a set of knifes that surrounds the onion and dices it). <ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:3 [I'm not entirely clear about what an onion slicer is.] </ref> | ||
# A vegetable chopper (with blades fitted with springs on an axis) is forbidden since it chops vegetables thinly. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:3 </ref> | |||
# An egg slicer (with equally spaced wires that slice the egg when pressed) is permitted. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:3 </ref> | |||
# A special cheese knife isn’t a utensil designated to be used for chopping finely. <Ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:11 </ref> | |||
# One may cut bread in a machine (manual, non-electric) which cuts slices of bread. <ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:11 (note) </ref> | # One may cut bread in a machine (manual, non-electric) which cuts slices of bread. <ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:11 (note) </ref> | ||
# It’s forbidden to grind coffee beans it a grinder meant for it. <Ref>Yalkut Yosef (Shabbat, vol 3, pg 377) </ref> | # It’s forbidden to grind coffee beans it a grinder meant for it. <Ref>Yalkut Yosef (Shabbat, vol 3, pg 377) </ref> | ||
# It’s permissible to cut vegetables on a cutting board even if it makes line in the board. <Ref>Yalkut Yosef (Shabbat, vol 3, pg 389) </ref> | # It’s permissible to cut vegetables on a cutting board even if it makes line in the board. <Ref>Yalkut Yosef (Shabbat, vol 3, pg 389) </ref> | ||
# It’s permissible to use a peeler to peel vegetables on Shabbat. <Ref>Yalkut Yosef (Shabbat, vol 3, pg 391) </ref> | # It’s permissible to use a peeler to peel vegetables on Shabbat. <Ref>Yalkut Yosef (Shabbat, vol 3, pg 391) </ref> | ||
==Raw fruit or vegetables== | ==Raw fruit or vegetables== | ||
# Raw fruits or vegetables may not be crushed or cut finely but only may be cut in slightly large pieces. One should also be careful to only cut it into large pieces right before the meal. <ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:6 </ref> | # Raw fruits or vegetables may not be crushed or cut finely but only may be cut in slightly large pieces. One should also be careful to only cut it into large pieces right before the meal. <ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:6 </ref> | ||
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# Salt granules which solidified because of a moisture may be crushed on Shabbat, however, one may not crush salt crystals (looking like blocks) or any other spice which has never yet been crushed unless one does two Shinui's (changes) by using the handle of the knife or fork on a plate or the table. <ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:11 </ref> | # Salt granules which solidified because of a moisture may be crushed on Shabbat, however, one may not crush salt crystals (looking like blocks) or any other spice which has never yet been crushed unless one does two Shinui's (changes) by using the handle of the knife or fork on a plate or the table. <ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:11 </ref> | ||
# Food which was crushed very well before Shabbat or on Shabbat in a permissible may may be further cut on Shabbat even in the normal fashion. <ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:12 </ref> | # Food which was crushed very well before Shabbat or on Shabbat in a permissible may may be further cut on Shabbat even in the normal fashion. <ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:12 </ref> | ||
# One may | # One may pour hot water (even from a Kli Rishon) onto farina, rice porridge, or corn flour and mix it around even crushing the clump with a spoon. <ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:13 </ref> | ||
==Cooked fruits and vegetables== | |||
# There’s no prohibition of grinding concerning fruit or vegetables cooked to the extent that it’s soft and easy to mash such as jam. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:9 </ref> | |||
# One shouldn’t use a fork to mash a cooked fruit or vegetable unless it was partly crushed out of shape before or during the cooking and is easily mashed. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:10. Orchot Shabbat 1:5:9 </ref> | |||
# One shouldn’t use a strainer to puree or cream a cooked fruit or vegetable since the strainer has a designated purpose of being used to mash. <Ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:10 </ref> | |||
==Foods which don't grow from the ground== | ==Foods which don't grow from the ground== | ||
# Foods which don't grow from the ground such as cooked eggs, meat, or fish may be crushed on Shabbat (not using a utensil designated for crushing) if one plans on eating it that Shabbat. <ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:14, Yalkut Yosef (Shabbat, vol 3, pg 391) </ref> | # Foods which don't grow from the ground such as cooked eggs, meat, or fish may be crushed on Shabbat (not using a utensil designated for crushing) if one plans on eating it that Shabbat. <ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:14, Yalkut Yosef (Shabbat, vol 3, pg 391) </ref> | ||
# If | ==Grinding for a small child== | ||
# One can be lenient to cut a food very small for a small child to eat so long as it’s immediately prior to the meal. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:6 </ref> | |||
# It’s forbidden to mash or squash a fruit or vegetable such as a banana or tomato. If one has to mash a banana for a small child one should do it with a variation such as using the handle of a fork or a spoon. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:8 </ref> | |||
==Related Pages== | ==Related Pages== | ||
# [[Medicine on Shabbat|Taking Medicine on Shabbat]] (which is a rabbinic decree because of grinding) | # [[Medicine on Shabbat|Taking Medicine on Shabbat]] (which is a rabbinic decree because of grinding) | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
