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When Is the Earliest and Latest Time to Pray?: Difference between revisions

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When Is the Earliest and Latest Time to Pray? (view source)

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*Note: All times are [[Shaot Zmaniot]] (halachic hours). For exact times for your location, see [http://www.myzmanim.com/search.aspx myzmanim.com].
*Note: All times are [[Shaot Zmaniot]] (halachic hours). For exact times for your location, see [http://www.myzmanim.com/search.aspx myzmanim.com].


==Earliest Time for Some Parts of Shacharit==
==Earliest Times for Shacharit==


#One should say [[Korbanot|''korbanot'']] during the day, meaning after [[Olot HaShachar|''alot ha'shachar'',]] which is 72 minutes before [[HaNetz|''ha'netz'']]. <ref>S”A 1:6. </ref>
#One should say [[Korbanot|''korbanot'']] during the day, meaning after [[Olot HaShachar|''alot ha'shachar'',]] which is 72 minutes before [[HaNetz|''ha'netz'']]. <ref>S”A 1:6. </ref>
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#The earliest time to say [[Birchot HaShachar|''birchot hashachar'']] is from [[Chatzot|''chatzot'']] (halachic midnight). <ref>Magen Avraham 47:13, Kaf HaChaim 46:49, Or Letzion (vol 2, 4:9) </ref> Initially one should say ''hanoten lesechvi binah'' after ''alot hashachar''. However, if one did say it after ''chatzos'', they have fulfilled their obligation.<ref>Rosh (Teshuva 4:1) writes that initially one shouldn't say Hamotzei Lesechvi until Olot. Shulchan Aruch 47:13 codifies this. Magen Avraham 47:13 cites the Arizal who says that all of the brachot can be said after Chatzot but the Magen Avraham qualifies this to where one actually heard the rooster crow. Either way he concludes that it is better to be strict to wait until olot. Mishna Brurah 47:31, Biur Halacha 47:13, and Peninei Halacha (Tefillah 9:5) agree. </ref>
#The earliest time to say [[Birchot HaShachar|''birchot hashachar'']] is from [[Chatzot|''chatzot'']] (halachic midnight). <ref>Magen Avraham 47:13, Kaf HaChaim 46:49, Or Letzion (vol 2, 4:9) </ref> Initially one should say ''hanoten lesechvi binah'' after ''alot hashachar''. However, if one did say it after ''chatzos'', they have fulfilled their obligation.<ref>Rosh (Teshuva 4:1) writes that initially one shouldn't say Hamotzei Lesechvi until Olot. Shulchan Aruch 47:13 codifies this. Magen Avraham 47:13 cites the Arizal who says that all of the brachot can be said after Chatzot but the Magen Avraham qualifies this to where one actually heard the rooster crow. Either way he concludes that it is better to be strict to wait until olot. Mishna Brurah 47:31, Biur Halacha 47:13, and Peninei Halacha (Tefillah 9:5) agree. </ref>
#''Baruch sheamar'' should be said after [[Olot HaShachar|''alot hachachar'']] which is 72 minutes (in [[Shaot Zmaniot]]) before [[HaNetz|''hanetz'']].<ref>Halacha Brurah 1:16 </ref> Others say that it may be said before ''alot hashachar.''<ref>Ishei Yisrael 16:15, footnote ibid.48</ref>
#''Baruch sheamar'' should be said after [[Olot HaShachar|''alot hachachar'']] which is 72 minutes (in [[Shaot Zmaniot]]) before [[HaNetz|''hanetz'']].<ref>Halacha Brurah 1:16 </ref> Others say that it may be said before ''alot hashachar.''<ref>Ishei Yisrael 16:15, footnote ibid.48</ref>
#The earliest time that one should put on [[Tallit|''tallit'']] is [[MeSheYakir|me'she'yakir]], which is one hour (in [[Shaot Zmaniot]]) before ''[[HaNetz|hanetz]].'' Ashkenazim, if they must, may put on ''tallit'' as early as ''alot hashachar''; yet they should not make a ''bracha'' until ''me'she'yakir.'' If one already made a ''bracha'' they should not repeat it, even if they made it before ''alot hashachar''.<ref>Shulchan Aruch 18:3 rules that the time to make the bracha on [[Tallit]] is from [[MeSheYakir]]. There is a dispute among the achronim about when exactly [[MeSheYakir]] is. Because of [[Safek Brachot LeHakel]], Halacha Brurah 18:6 one may not make the bracha earlier than a fifth of an hour (in [[Shaot Zmaniot]]) after [[Olot HaShachar]]. See Rema ibid. that one may make a bracha at alot hashachar. Mishna Brura ibid. 10 says that although one should be stringent like the Shulchan Aruch; however, we will not stop someone who does like the Rema. Aruch Hashulchan 18:9 paskens acc. to Rema. The Mishna Berura adds that even for one who does like the Rema he should wait with the bracha until mesheyakir. He adds that one who makes a bracha, even at night, need not make another one because there are rishonim who hold that one can make the bracha at night. </ref>
## The earliest     time that one should put on [[Tallit|''tallit'']] is [[MeSheYakir|''misheyakir'']],     which is one hour (in [[Shaot Zmaniot]])     before ''[[HaNetz|hanetz]].'' Ashkenazim,     if they must, may put on ''tallit'' as early as ''alot hashachar'';     yet they should not make a ''bracha'' until ''me'she'yakir.'' When    making the ''bracha'', one should feel the ''tzitzit.'' If one     already made a ''bracha'' they should not repeat it, even if they made     it before ''alot hashachar''.<sup>[1]</sup>
#If one puts on Tzitzit before alot HaShachar, he should not recite a berakha until the proper time, and should feel the Tzitzit after making the berakha once the proper time arrives.<ref>Rama 18:3 </ref>
## The earliest    time that one should lay ''tefillin is misheyakir.''<sup>[2]</sup>
#If one begins to daven before misheyakir with Tallit and Tefillin on, one should wait to make the berakhot until between Yishtabach and Kaddish.<ref>Rama OC 54:3, Piskei Teshuvot 30:1.
## One who is in a     pressing situation and must ''daven'' before the ''zman -'' for if    he doesn't, he will totally miss ''zman tefillah'', may put on ''tallit''    and ''tefillin'' before ''alot hashachar''.<sup>[3]</sup> In such a    scenario, their ''brachot'' should not be recited until ''misheyakir''.<sup>[4]</sup>    If one makes this ''bracha'' during ''pesukei dezimra'', it should     be said between paragraphs.<sup>[5]</sup> If ''misheyakir'' happens    between the end of ''pesukei d'zimra'' and ''yishtabach'', one     should wait to make the ''bracha'' until after ''yishtabach''.     However, the ''shliach tzibbur'' should make the ''bracha'' before ''yishtabach''.<sup>[6]</sup>     Once he starts the ''kaddish'' after ''yishtabach'' he can no longer    make a ''bracha'' on the ''tallit'' until after ''shemoneh esrei''.    The ''bracha'' on ''tefillin'' may be said between the paragraphs of    ''birchot kriat shema''.<sup>[7]</sup>
</ref>
## One who will be    unable to recite ''shema'' after ''misheyakir'' may do so from ''alot    hashachar''.<sup>[8]</sup> ''Shemoneh esrei'' should be recited after    ''hanetz.'' If it was recited from ''alot hashachar'' one has    fulfilled his obligation. In a case of need, like for one who is    traveling, it is even preferable to say ''shemoneh esrei'' from ''alot    hashachar.''<sup>[9]</sup>
#One should avoid saying Yotzer Or before misheyakir.<ref>Mishnah Berurah 58:17. Piskei Teshuvot (58:10) notes that some are lenient when it is unavoidable. However, Beiur Halakha (s.v. Zeman Kriat Shema) notes that this discussion may be irrelevant for men if they are going to only say Pesukei D’zimra before misheyakir and say the berakha on Tzitzit and Tefillin before Yotzer Or, and certainly it is preferable to not begin davening until one can make the berakha on Tzitzit and Tefillin.</ref>
## The ''bracha''    of ''yotzer ohr'' may not be said before ''misheyakir''. If one is ''davening''    before ''misheyakir'' he should say ''krias shema'' with the ''bracot'',    skip over the ''bracha'' of ''yotzer ohr'', and say it after ''shemoneh    esrei'', in the proper ''zman.'' <sup>[10]</sup> One who accidentally    said ''yotzer ohr'' before ''misheyakir'' should not repeat it.<sup>[11]</sup> '''Ideal Time for Shacharit'''
#One who cannot avoid reciting Shema before misheyakir may do so after alot hashachar.<ref>Shulchan Arukh OC 58:3.</ref>However, one may do so from alot hashachar at the earliest.<ref>Shulchan Arukh 89:1, 8. Mishnah Berurah (89:4) notes that this may be lekhatchila for those who have no other choice, but for one who could say Shemoneh Esrei later he would only fulfill his obligation b’diavad by davening early.</ref> One may certainly say Shemone Esrei after misheyakir, even if it is before sunrise.<ref>Piskei Teshuvot 89:4</ref>
## The ideal    mitzvah is to start praying [[Shmoneh Esrei|''shmoneh esrei'']]    of [[Shacharit|''shacharit'']] at [[Netz HaChama|''netz hachama'']]    (sunrise). The practice of those who say ''shemoneh esrei'' of    shacharit at Netz is called ''Vatikin''.<sup>[12]</sup>
## If a person can    either daven at Netz without a minyan or later with a minyan, according to    Ashkenazim one may daven at Netz if one regularly davens at Netz.<sup>[13]</sup>    According to Sephardim one should daven with a minyan later unless one    will pray with kavana.<sup>[14]</sup> '''After Alot Hashachar'''


==Times for Shacharit==
===Earliest Time===
===Ideal Time===
#The ideal mitzvah is to start praying [[Shmoneh Esrei]] of [[Shacharit]] at [[Netz HaChama]] (sunrise). The practice of those who say Shemona Esrei of Shacharit at Netz is called ''Vatikin''.<ref>Gemara [[Brachot]] 26a writes the ideal time to pray [[Shacharit]] is at [[HaNetz HaChama]] and that was the practice of the [[Vatikin]] (those who fulfill the מצות early and in the proper time). This is codified by the Rambam ([[Tefillah]] 3:1), Rosh ([[Brachot]] 4:1), Tur and Shulchan Aruch 89:1 </ref>
#If a person can either da<span id="netz"></span>ven at Netz without a minyan or later with a minyan, according to Ashkenazim one may daven at Netz if one regularly davens at Netz.<ref>Biur Halacha 58 s.v. umitzvah</ref> According to Sephardim one should daven with a minyan later unless one will pray with kavana.<ref>Yalkut Yosef 89:19</ref>
===After Alot Hashachar===
===Netz===
===Netz===


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