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Hatmana: Difference between revisions
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*In the 2nd edition of Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchasa 42:63 he was strict regarding materials that don’t allow liquid through such as plastic, nylon, or aluminum liners inside chulent or crock pots, however in the 3rd edition there’s an explicit retraction in 1:87 quoting Rav Shlomo Zalman to permit in all circumstances. | *In the 2nd edition of Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchasa 42:63 he was strict regarding materials that don’t allow liquid through such as plastic, nylon, or aluminum liners inside chulent or crock pots, however in the 3rd edition there’s an explicit retraction in 1:87 quoting Rav Shlomo Zalman to permit in all circumstances. | ||
*Meor [[Shabbat]] 3 pg 519, and Menuchat Ahavah 1:3(27) are somewhat strict on the issue, the Minhag is to be lenient on this issue.</ref> | *Meor [[Shabbat]] 3 pg 519, and Menuchat Ahavah 1:3(27) are somewhat strict on the issue, the Minhag is to be lenient on this issue.</ref> | ||
# Submerging a bottle holding food or drink into a container of hot water is similar to covering it with a cloth. Thus, before ''Shabbat'' this is permissible. On ''Shabbat'', if the bottle is not totally submerged this would be permitted for Ashkenazim. However, there is a caveat. If there is a liquid in the bottle, the water in the container must be such that the liquid will never reach ''yad soledes bo'', to avoid the problem of ''bishul.'' Alternatively, the container may be a ''kli sheini''. If there are dry goods in the bottle, these conditions do not apply. However, according to the Sephardim, who forbid ''hatmana'' even when the item is only partially covered, this would be forbidden.<ref>Mishna Brurah 258:2, Dirshu Footnote 258:7. See Shulchan Aruch 253:1 and Rema there regarding if it is considered hatmana when not totally covered. Chazon Ish 37:19 is stringent like the Shulchan Aruch. However, regarding the case of the bottle, the Chazon Ish 37:32 writes that there is no hatmana when it comes to submerging something in water. The upshot is that the Chazon Ish will be more lenient in our case, and one could totally submerge the bottle. </ref> | # Submerging a bottle holding food or drink into a container of hot water is similar to covering it with a cloth. Thus, before ''Shabbat'' this is permissible. On ''Shabbat'', if the bottle is not totally submerged this would be permitted for Ashkenazim. However, there is a caveat. If there is a liquid in the bottle, the water in the container must be such that the liquid will never reach ''yad soledes bo'', to avoid the problem of ''bishul.'' Alternatively, the container may be a ''kli sheini''. If there are cooked dry goods in the bottle, these conditions do not apply. However, according to the Sephardim, who forbid ''hatmana'' even when the item is only partially covered, this would be forbidden.<ref>Mishna Brurah 258:2, Dirshu Footnote 258:7. See Shulchan Aruch 253:1 and Rema there regarding if it is considered hatmana when not totally covered. Chazon Ish 37:19 is stringent like the Shulchan Aruch. However, regarding the case of the bottle, the Chazon Ish 37:32 writes that there is no hatmana when it comes to submerging something in water. The upshot is that the Chazon Ish will be more lenient in our case, and one could totally submerge the bottle. </ref> | ||
===Hot Plate Blanket=== | ===Hot Plate Blanket=== | ||
[[File:Plata blanket.jpg|253x253px|thumb|right|According to Sephardim it is forbidden and according to Ashkenazim it is permitted if the sides of the pots are clearly and recognizable partially exposed (unlike this picture).]] | [[File:Plata blanket.jpg|253x253px|thumb|right|According to Sephardim it is forbidden and according to Ashkenazim it is permitted if the sides of the pots are clearly and recognizable partially exposed (unlike this picture).]] | ||
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* Shulchan Aruch 257:8 follows the opinion of the Tosfot, Smag, Smak, Sefer Hatrumah, Rashba, Rabbenu Yonah, Rosh, and Tur unlike the Ramban. This is accepted by the achronim including Shulchan Aruch Harav 257:10, Mishna Brurah 257:37, and Halacha Brurah 257:28. Aruch Hashulchan 257:11 agrees and adds that the Rambam and Rif agree with Tosfot. Halacha Brurah 257:28 adds that the Nemukei Yosef b"b 10a agrees with Tosfot.</ref> A Sepharadi who has a ''minhag'' to do this need not be stopped if done before ''Shabbat.''<ref>Shulchan Aruch 257:8, Halacha Brurah 257:28-29, Chazon Ovadia Shabbat v. 1 p. 56. | * Shulchan Aruch 257:8 follows the opinion of the Tosfot, Smag, Smak, Sefer Hatrumah, Rashba, Rabbenu Yonah, Rosh, and Tur unlike the Ramban. This is accepted by the achronim including Shulchan Aruch Harav 257:10, Mishna Brurah 257:37, and Halacha Brurah 257:28. Aruch Hashulchan 257:11 agrees and adds that the Rambam and Rif agree with Tosfot. Halacha Brurah 257:28 adds that the Nemukei Yosef b"b 10a agrees with Tosfot.</ref> A Sepharadi who has a ''minhag'' to do this need not be stopped if done before ''Shabbat.''<ref>Shulchan Aruch 257:8, Halacha Brurah 257:28-29, Chazon Ovadia Shabbat v. 1 p. 56. | ||
*According to Sephardim, Halacha Brurah 257:29 writes that someone who does insulate the pot before Shabbat with a blanket on top of the heating element, even though it is against most rishonim (Tosfot, Rosh, Tur, Smag, Smak, Sefer Hatrumah, Rashba, and Rabbenu Yonah) and Shulchan Aruch, someone who relies on the Ramban Shabbat 47b who holds that a cloth isn't considered something that adds heat even though the pot is on top of a heating element shouldn't be rebuked. (See there where he adds that although many rishonim are strict there are many who are lenient like the Ramban including Or Zaruah 2:8, Sefer Habatim ch. 5, Ohel Moed 3:10, Ritva Shabbat 47b quoting Rabbenu Tam, Sefer Hayashar no. 235, and Meiri 36b based on Rashi.) Furthermore, if the pot is heating food for the next day there is what to rely upon according to the Shibolei Haleket. Even though this is a minority opinion someone who follows it in conjugation with the Ramban shouldn't be rebuked. Halacha Brurah 258:3 p. 382 clarifies that this leniency is only before Shabbat.</ref> | *According to Sephardim, Halacha Brurah 257:29 writes that someone who does insulate the pot before Shabbat with a blanket on top of the heating element, even though it is against most rishonim (Tosfot, Rosh, Tur, Smag, Smak, Sefer Hatrumah, Rashba, and Rabbenu Yonah) and Shulchan Aruch, someone who relies on the Ramban Shabbat 47b who holds that a cloth isn't considered something that adds heat even though the pot is on top of a heating element shouldn't be rebuked. (See there where he adds that although many rishonim are strict there are many who are lenient like the Ramban including Or Zaruah 2:8, Sefer Habatim ch. 5, Ohel Moed 3:10, Ritva Shabbat 47b quoting Rabbenu Tam, Sefer Hayashar no. 235, and Meiri 36b based on Rashi.) Furthermore, if the pot is heating food for the next day there is what to rely upon according to the Shibolei Haleket. Even though this is a minority opinion someone who follows it in conjugation with the Ramban shouldn't be rebuked. Halacha Brurah 258:3 p. 382 clarifies that this leniency is only before Shabbat.</ref> | ||
# If only a portion of the pot is covered, according to many Ashkenazi ''poskim'', this is not ''hatmana,'' and is permitted even though it is on a heat source | # If only a portion of the pot is covered, according to many Ashkenazi ''poskim'', this is not ''hatmana,'' and is permitted even though it is on a heat source. This is permissible even on ''Shabbat''. To qualify as being partially exposed, a significant portion of the pot must be uncovered, such that it will lose heat because of its exposure. If, in a significant portion of the wrapping, there is a big space between the pot and the cloth, this also would not constitute ''hatmana.''<ref> *Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata 1:77-78 writes that since it isn't considered insulating if the pot isn't completely covered, it would be permitted even if it is on the fire. In the footnote, he cites Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach who clarified that it is only not considered hatmana if a recognizable part of the side of the pot is exposed around a majority of its circumference and not just one little area. Orchot Shabbat v. 1 p. 110 agrees that covering a pot on a covered fire on Shabbat with clothes is permitted if they only partially cover the pot. The definition is that it needs to be uncovered in a significant way so that it negatively impacts on the heat of the pot. | ||
*However, Halacha Brurah 257:29 writes that even Ashkenazim should be strict. He explains that the implication of the Rama who doesn't comment on 257:8 is that it is forbidden to cover a pot on a heating element even though it is only partially covered. He quotes the Pri Megadim E"A 257:18, who explains that even though usually a partial covering isn't an issue for the Rama 253:1, here it is since it is clear that one is insulting the pot to keep it hot. However, he also quotes the Minchat Cohen 2:8 s.v. veheneh (cited by Halacha Brurah v. 14 p. 345) who says that according to the Rama it is permitted. Halacha Brurah writes that Ashkenazim should be strict.</ref> According to Sephardim, this is forbidden even before ''Shabbat'' | *However, Halacha Brurah 257:29 writes that even Ashkenazim should be strict. He explains that the implication of the Rama who doesn't comment on 257:8 is that it is forbidden to cover a pot on a heating element even though it is only partially covered. He quotes the Pri Megadim E"A 257:18, who explains that even though usually a partial covering isn't an issue for the Rama 253:1, here it is since it is clear that one is insulting the pot to keep it hot. However, he also quotes the Minchat Cohen 2:8 s.v. veheneh (cited by Halacha Brurah v. 14 p. 345) who says that according to the Rama it is permitted. Halacha Brurah writes that Ashkenazim should be strict.</ref> According to Sephardim, this is forbidden even before ''Shabbat'' - as the Sepahrdim consider this to be real ''hatmana'' on a heat source.<ref>Halacha Brurah 257:28, based on Shulchan Aruch 253:1 that hatmana on one side is considered hatmana, writes that covering the pot on top of a covered fire is forbidden. He explains that this is the intent of Shulchan Aruch 257:8. </ref> | ||
# Obviously if one does use such a blanket one should be careful that it is fire safe. | # Obviously if one does use such a blanket one should be careful that it is fire safe. | ||
==Insulating on Shabbat== | ==Insulating on Shabbat== | ||
# On | # On ''Shabbat'' one is not allowed to insulate food, whether it is cooked or raw, even with material that doesn’t preserve heat - like clothing or cloth. ''Chazal'' were concerned that one will find the food cold and come to heat it up.<Ref> Shulchan Aruch 257:1-2, Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 1:65 </ref> | ||
# According to Ashkenazim, it’s permissible to insulate a pot that’s on the fire if the insulation doesn’t come into contact with all (6) sides of the pot only if the food is fully cooked and the food is liquid it must still not have completely cooled. <Ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 1:66 </ref> | # According to Ashkenazim, it’s permissible to insulate a pot that’s on the fire if the insulation doesn’t come into contact with all (6) sides of the pot only if the food is fully cooked and the food is liquid it must still not have completely cooled. <Ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 1:66 </ref> | ||
## With respect to hatmana there is no issue of leaving food in an oven before or on Shabbat since the food isn't touching the | ## With respect to ''hatmana'' there is no issue of leaving food in an oven before or on ''Shabbat'' since the food isn't touching the walls of the oven.<ref>Orchot Shabbat 2:86</ref> However, regarding ''chazara'' or ''shehiya'' see [[Permissible_ways_to_heat_up_food_on_Shabbat#Ovens_with_Shabbos_Mode|the article on heating up foods on ''Shabbat'']]. | ||
# It’s permissible to insulate a [[Kli Sheni]] with cloth. <Ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 1:68 </ref> | # It’s permissible to insulate a [[Kli Sheni|''kli sheni'']] with cloth.<Ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 1:68 </ref> | ||
# | # On ''Shabbat'', it is permissible to insulate cold food to remove its chill or to prevent it from getting colder with material that does not preserve heat - like clothing.<ref>In [[Shabbat]] 51a, Rav Yehuda in the name of Shmuel says that it’s permitted to insulate cold food. Rashi ([[Shabbat]] 51a) explains that it’s permitted to keep it cold and there’s no Gezerah of Hatmana, implying that heating up cold food even with insulation of material that doesn’t preserve heat is forbidden. Mahari MeLunil 51a, Ravan 346, Ravyah 202 pg 287, and Rabbenu Yishaya MeTeranayah pg 294 concur with Rashi. However Rambam, ([[Shabbat]] 4:4) permits insulating the cold food even to remove its coldness. Rashba 51a in name of the Geonim, Ran 23b, Nemukei Yosef 51a, and Rabbenu Yerucham pg 68c in name of Tosfot agree with the Rambam. Shulchan Aruch 257:6 rules like the Rambam. </ref> | ||
# However, if the cold pot is on top of a hot pot, even if it is off the fire, this would be forbidden.<ref>Mishna Brurah 258:2</ref> | |||
==Pot Cover== | ==Pot Cover== | ||
# Covering a pot | # Covering a pot to prevent the food from getting dirty is not considered insulating even if the cover is touching the food and keeps the heat. Since the intent is not to insulate, it is no different than covering the pot with its regular cover. It would be no different if one would place aluminum foil under the cover to prevent the moisture from escaping. Here too, the intent is not to insulate.<ref>Shulchan Aruch 257:2, Orchot Shabbat 2:76</ref> | ||
==Wrapping with Tin Foil== | ==Wrapping with Tin Foil== | ||
# It is permitted to cover a food with tin foil since | # It is permitted to cover a food with tin foil since this is done to prevent the food from getting dirty. However, one should not use multiple layers of tin to wrap the food.<ref>Igrot Moshe 4:74 Hatmana no. 3, Orchot Shabbat 2:77. [https://itorah.com/global-search/wrapping%20foil Rabbi Mansour ("Hatmana: Foil –Placing Wrapped Foods on the Blech")] writes that Sephardim can be lenient like Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach who says that it is permitted to wrap a food in aluminum foil even if one isn't doing it to prevent it from getting dirty. It is just like encasing it in a pot.</ref> | ||
==Crock Pot== | ==Crock Pot== | ||
